Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1997, a 53-year-old male smoker was admitted for progressive shortness of breath associated with a productive cough and yellowish sputum, pleuritic chest pain, and low-grade fever. There was no history of trauma. A posterior-anterior chest radiograph showed a diffuse infiltrate through the right lung field and an air space parallel to the lateral border of the heart. A computed tomographic scan of the chest confirmed pneumopericardium, with no associated pericardial effusion. It also showed a cavitary infiltrate in the anterior basal segment of the right lower lobe, but no definite neoplasm. Cultures of the sputum grew Staphylococcus aureus. The patient had positive antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis A, and hepatitis B. A bronchial biopsy from the right lower lobe showed well differentiated infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma with an acute inflammatory exudate. No bronchopericardial fistula was noted. After antibiotic treatment, a repeat chest radiograph showed resolution of pneumopericardium and improvement of the chest infiltrate. Repeat computed tomography of the chest showed that the pneumopericardium had resolved, but now revealed a large pericardial effusion. No bronchopericardial fistula could be demonstrated. Unfortunately, our patient refused further investigation. Pneumopericardium is a rare disorder. In adults, pneumopericardium most commonly results from trauma. Although many other reports link pneumopericardium to an underlying disease process, our patient with HIV antibodies developed pneumopericardium despite having no history of trauma and no documentation of a communicating fistula. To our knowledge, there has been no previous report of pneumopericardium in association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Pneumopericardium in a patient with AIDS. 1199 52

The severe clotting defects associated with the diagnosis of severe haemophilia A and B require a quality management and quality assurance system designed to avoid both bleeding sequelae (such as damaged joints) through early on-demand or prophylactic treatment in a home-care setting, and side-effects such as infectious diseases (hepatitis A-G and human immunodeficiency virus), allergic reactions, haemolysis and if possible inhibitor formation, by using highly purified, virus-inactivated or recombinant products in which the factor VIII and IX proteins are as natural as possible. As the intravenous injection of the required clotting factor is entrusted to the patients in home treatment, the haemophilia centre has to check treatment protocols and, when necessary, joint and muscle status. In addition, it is imperative to ensure the safety of the product, and checks must be carried out to make sure that batch numbers are recalled as soon as possible if side-effects are observed. These are the reasons for several Acts of Parliament in Germany requiring special treatments and regular checks (the Disabled Act, recommendations by the German Medical Council, the Transfusion Act). Thus, at the haemophilia centre in Bonn we have established a special quality management and quality assurance system taking into account the great number of patients (> 800), the often considerable distance between the centre and the patient, and the aforementioned regulations and laws. Quality management involves dealing with daily practicalities such as 24-h availability of a physician, medical technologist and nurse, careful instruction of patient and family in home care, genetic counselling, regular laboratory tests (especially recovery time, half-life, inhibitors and gene defects, clinical chemistry and serology) and clinical investigations (especially joint and muscle status). It also includes co-operation with family doctors and different departments at our university hospital (e.g. orthopaedic, microbiology), daily conferences with staff, information for nursery schools, schools, training institutions and/or the workplace in case of emergency, and cooperation with German haemophilia foundations. For quality assurance, several self-controlling systems are in place, such as distribution of concentrate, laboratory data, treatment protocols, joint and muscle status and bleeding tendencies. All these and more are double-checked and interactive, controlling data and activities with the help of EDP. Exceptional staff motivation and patient compliance are important for this quality system.
 ...
PMID:Quality management and quality assurance in haemophilia care: a model at the Bonn haemophilia centre. 1201 Apr 13

Saliva is a body fluid containing antibodies of diagnostic significance. Unlike venipuncture, saliva collection (by brushing the teeth and rubbing the gums) is painless, non-invasive, inexpensive, simple and rapid. By using sensitive immunoassays in salivary specimens it is possible to diagnose immunoglobulins against a wide range of infectious diseases e.g. hepatitis A, B and C, measles, mumps, rubella, human immunodeficiency virus, Epstein-Barr virus, parvovirus B 19, human herpesvirus 6 and Helicobacter pylori infections. Salivary antibody testing may provide better access to epidemic outbreaks, children, large populations, hard-to-reach risk groups and may thus play a major role in the surveillance and control of infectious diseases. (Tab. 2, Ref. 34.)
 ...
PMID:Detection of antibodies in saliva--an effective auxiliary method in surveillance of infectious diseases. 1206 Oct 87

The virucidal spectrum of a high concentration alcohol mixture (80% ethanol and 5% isopropanol) was determined for a broad series of lipid-enveloped (LE) and non-lipid-enveloped (NLE) viruses covering all relevant blood-borne viruses. LE viruses were represented by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), a specific model virus for hepatitis C virus (HCV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and vaccinia virus. For the NLE viruses hepatitis A virus, canine parvovirus (a model for human parvovirus B19), and reovirus type 3 (Reo-3) were used. PRV, vaccinia, and Reo-3 served as general model viruses. The alcohol mixture was spiked with 5% (v/v) virus, mixed and tested for residual virus after 5 min treatment. Complete clearance (reduction by a factor of >10(6)) was observed for LE viruses, whereas incomplete to insignificant clearance (ranging from no reduction up to a maximum factor of 10(4)) was found for NLE viruses. In a second series of spiking experiments using the LE viruses BVDV, HIV, and PRV, complete clearance (reduction by a factor of >10(6)) was found after 20 s treatment. These data strongly suggest that treatment with a high concentration alcohol mixture has a high virucidal potential in particular for the blood-borne LE-viruses HIV, hepatitis B virus, and HCV. Such mixtures are well suited for rapid and frequent disinfection in dental practice being non-hazardous and non-toxic.
 ...
PMID:The virucidal spectrum of a high concentration alcohol mixture. 1209 Jul 99

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) protein 2A has been demonstrated to be involved in virus morphogenesis and suggested to be located on the surface of the particle. To determine whether this protein can function as a target structure to harbor and expose foreign epitopes on HAV particles, a full-length HAV cDNA, containing a seven amino acid stretch of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein gp41, was constructed. Following vaccinia virus MVA-T7-mediated expression of the cDNA in COS7 and Huh-T7 cells, chimeric HAV particles, exposing the foreign epitope gp41 on their surface, were produced. These particles were found to be empty capsids (70S), as judged by immunospecific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on sucrose gradient fractions and immunoelectron microscopy. The immunological detection of VP1-2A harboring the gp41 epitope of HIV suggests that the 2A domain of HAV is suitable to present foreign antigenic epitopes.
 ...
PMID:Chimeric hepatitis A virus particles presenting a foreign epitope (HIV gp41) at their surface. 1210 36

In the production of bone grafts intended for transplantation, basic safety measures to avoid the transmission of pathogens are selection and serological screening of donors for markers of virus infections. As an additional safety tool we investigated the effect of gamma irradiation on the sterility of human bone diaphysis transplants and evaluated its impact on the virus safety of transplants. Model viruses were included in the study to determine the dose necessary to achieve a reduction factor for the infectivity titres of at least 4 log(10) at a temperature of -30+/-5 degrees C. The following viruses were used: human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and poliovirus (PV-1), and the following model viruses: pseudorabies virus (PRV) as a model for human herpesviruses, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) for HCV, and bovine parvovirus (BPV) for parvovirus B19. A first approach was to determine the D(10) values (kGy) for the different viruses (virus inactivation kinetics: BPV 7.3; PV-1 7.1; HIV-2 7.1; HAV 5.3; PRV 5.3; BVDV <3.0 kGy). Based on these results, inactivation of these viruses was studied in experimentally contaminated human bone transplants (femoral diaphyses). For BPV, the most resistant one of the viruses studied, a dose of approximately 34 kGy was necessary to achieve a reduction of infectivity titres of 4 log(10). We therefore recommend a dose of 34 kGy for the sterilisation of frozen bone transplants.
 ...
PMID:Effect of gamma irradiation on human cortical bone transplants contaminated with enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. 1212 14

These guidelines for the treatment of patients who have sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) after consultation with a group of professionals knowledgeable in the field of STDs who met in Atlanta on September 26-28, 2000. The information in this report updates the 1998 Guidelines for Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (MMWR 1998;47 [No. RR-1]). Included in these updated guidelines are new alternative regimens for scabies, bacterial vaginosis, early syphilis, and granuloma inguinale; an expanded section on the diagnosis of genital herpes (including type-specific serologic tests); new recommendations for treatment of recurrent genital herpes among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); a revised approach to the management of victims of sexual assault; expanded regimens for the treatment of urethral meatal warts; and inclusion of hepatitis C as a sexually transmitted infection. In addition, these guidelines emphasize education and counseling for persons infected with human papillomavirus, clarify the diagnostic evaluation of congenital syphilis, and present information regarding the emergence of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and implications for treatment. Recommendations also are provided for vaccine-preventable STDs, including hepatitis A and hepatitis B.
 ...
PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2002. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1218 49

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a worldwide disease; in most cases, it causes an acute self-limited illness that does not lead to a chronic state. The course of HAV viremia in a homosexual male with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the correlation between HIV and HAV viral load, alanine aminotranferase (ALT) level, and CD4(+) lymphocyte count were investigated during the course of the infection. HAV RNA was detected quantitatively up to 256 days after clinical onset. To our knowledge, this specific case is the first report of a prolonged infection with hepatitis A in a male with HIV-1. The ALT levels decreased gradually; however, 286 days after clinical onset of hepatitis, ALT levels were three times higher than normal values. HIV viral load was not affected by the infection with HAV and CD4(+) cell count was stable during the course of the co-infection. The duration and the high-titer viremia of hepatitis A virus in an immunodeficient patient constitute a serious risk of the spread of hepatitis A within this population. As inactivated HAV vaccine is safe in HIV-positive subjects, it would be wise to establish a strategy of preventive vaccination in this high-risk group.
 ...
PMID:Prolonged hepatitis A infection in an HIV-1 seropositive patient. 1221 Apr 24

The reconstitution of blood and its components is hampered by factors of compatibility, availability, and the risk of transmission of infectious diseases. Protozoal agents such as plasmodium malariae and trypanosoma cruzi are only regionally relevant. Bacterial transmissions are easy to prevent and treat. Antibody, antigen, and nucleic acid screening have been implemented to prevent transmission of blood-borne viruses. Transfusion-relevant viruses include hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T leukemia virus (HTLV-I), and in certain circumstances, parvovirus B19, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Of great concern is the possible transmission of prion protein causing transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Of future interest will be whether other viruses such as Nipah and Hendra virus are blood-borne and whether viruses such as TT, SEN, and GBV-C are involved in diseases or their progression, while not causing hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Virus safety of human blood, plasma, and derived products. 1237 92

To ascertain whether CD4(+) lymphocyte increases induced by interleukin (IL)-2 enhanced in vivo immune responses, 38 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or HAART and IL-2 for at least 60 weeks were immunized with tetanus toxoid, inactivated glycoprotein 120-depleted HIV-1, and hepatitis A and B vaccines. Despite dramatic increases in CD4(+) lymphocyte counts, IL-2 did not enhance immunization responses.
 ...
PMID:Interleukin-2 Increases CD4+ lymphocyte numbers but does not enhance responses to immunization: results of A5046s. 1255 59


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>