Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

THE protein CD43 (also known as sialophorin, leukosialin, large sialoglycoprotein or gp115) is expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, platelets and some B lymphocytes. Expression of CD43 is deficient and/or defective in the X-chromosome-linked immunodeficiency disorder Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome, suggesting that CD43 might have a role in T-cell activation. We have shown that expression of human CD43 in an HLA-DR-specific murine T-cell hybridoma enhances the antigen-specific response to stimulation by the human lymphoblastoid cell line Daudi, and that Daudi cells bind specifically to purified immobilized CD43. These data indicate that the specific interaction of CD43 with a ligand on the surface of Daudi cells might contribute to T-cell activation. Here we report evidence that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, or CD54), is a ligand for CD43.
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PMID:CD43, a molecule defective in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, binds ICAM-1. 168 85

Monocytes from healthy blood donors were inoculated in vitro with a monocyte-tropic strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIVBa-L. HIV replication was first detected at Day 5 postinoculation, with peak virus activity at Day 17. We assessed the kinetics of the expression of four monocyte surface antigens (CD14, CD4, HLA-DR, and HLA-DQ) on HIV-infected and uninfected monocyte/macrophages, (M phi) by flow cytometry. We consistently found a decreased expression of CD4 and CD14 on HIV-infected M phi compared to their expression on M phi of uninfected controls. In contrast, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ expression was unchanged on HIV-infected M phi.
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PMID:In vitro infection of monocytes with HIVBa-L. Effect on cell surface expression of CD4, CD14, HLA-DR, and HLA-DQ. 169 79

The in vitro maturation of peripheral blood monocytes to macrophages can be followed morphologically, and by measurement of cell surface antigens (CD4, HLA-DR, and FcR III) and lysozyme production. We used these markers to correlate monocyte maturation with susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Maturation of peripheral blood monocytes is associated with a decrease in membrane CD4, while HLA-DR and FcR III expression increase along with lysozyme secretion. Cells at all stages of maturation were susceptible to HIV infection, even mature macrophages without CD4 detectably by immunofluorescent staining. Maximal replication was observed in 7-day-old cells.
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PMID:Characterization of the in vitro maturation of monocytes and the susceptibility to HIV infection. 169 73

We have investigated the roles of cytokines in the modulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) production in chronically infected U937 cells upon in vitro differentiation by hydroxyvitamin D3. HIV-infected U937 cells exhibited markedly lower levels of CD4 and HLA-DR antigens than uninfected cells did. Vitamin D3 induced a time-dependent macrophagelike differentiation, as determined by monitoring the expression of some surface antigens by means of the monoclonal antibodies OKM1, OKM5, OKM13, OKM14, OKT4, anti-HLA-DR, TecMG2, TecMG3, LeuM3, LeuM1, anti-HLA-DP, and anti-HLA-DQ. Treatment with hydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in a marked increase in HIV production compared with control cultures. Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected in the culture media, whereas interferon (IFN) was not generally found. Using the polymerase chain reaction technique, we found HIV-infected U937 cells to express detectable levels of mRNAs for alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), IFN-beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta. The addition of TNF resulted in a marked increase of HIV production, whereas IL-1 beta was ineffective. In contrast, both IFN-alpha and IFN-beta exerted some inhibitory effect on HIV production, which was more marked in vitamin D3-treated cultures than in untreated cultures. HIV production was significantly increased by antibodies to IFN-alpha in both untreated and vitamin D3-treated cultures. Anti-IFN-beta antibody increased HIV production only in vitamin D3-treated cells. In contrast, anti-TNF-alpha antibodies markedly decreased HIV production in both control and differentiating U937 cells. Vitamin D3 treatment resulted in a higher expression of TNF receptors in differentiating cells than in control HIV-infected cells. These data demonstrate a strong correlation between HIV production and macrophagelike differentiation in chronically infected U937 cells and suggest that endogenous IFN and TNF exert opposite effects in the regulation of virus production in both undifferentiated and vitamin D3-treated cell cultures.
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PMID:Increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) expression in chronically infected U937 cells upon in vitro differentiation by hydroxyvitamin D3: roles of interferon and tumor necrosis factor in regulation of HIV production. 170 Aug 29

A detailed immunologic study of three cases of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) was performed to better characterize this rare disorder. One patient had prominent cervical lymphadenopathy that regressed spontaneously, whereas the other two patients had persistent cervical lymphadenopathy and recurrent infections. The first patient was otherwise healthy and had normal immunologic studies. One of the latter patients had a relative increase in blood B cells, a decreased level of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), decreased blood lymphocyte mitogenic responses to multiple mitogens (37-42% of controls), and cutaneous anergy. The other patient with persistent disease also had a relative increase in blood B cells, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and circulating immune complexes, as well as decreased blood T cells and markedly decreased blood lymphocyte responses to mitogens (12-37% of controls). Immunohistochemical stains of the lymph nodes of the three patients revealed a characteristic phenotype for the sinus histiocytes: S-100 protein, 3/3; CD14 (Leu M3) 3/3; CD11c (Leu M5), 1/1; CD71 (OKT9), 3/3; CD4 (Leu 3a), 2/3; CD1a (OKT6), 1/3; alpha-1-antitrypsin, 3/3; alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, 3/3; CD35 (C3b), 1/1; CD11b (Mo1), 0/3; CD15 (Leu M1), 0/3; HLA-DR, 0/3; and lysozyme, 0/3. This phenotype suggests that the cells of SHML have features of both the Langerhans/interdigitating cell and mononuclear phagocyte lineages. Emperipolesis by the histiocytes of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells was demonstrated by a double-staining technique. Our findings indicate that patients with SHML may have a variably expressed immunodeficiency that predisposes them to recurrent infections.
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PMID:Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: a spectrum of disease associated with immune dysfunction. 171 75

To analyze the proliferative capacity of CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell subsets of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and to optimize the in vitro conditions for virus replication, CD4+ or CD8+ cells of HIV-1-infected patients were selectively activated inside the whole peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PMNC) population by dual antibody stimulation. To do so PMNC of HIV-1-infected individuals were stimulated with the per se nonmitogenic anti-CD3 antibody fragment BMA030 F(ab)2 crosslinked through goat antimouse antibodies with an anti-CD4 or an anti-CD8 antibody, which lead to selective proliferation of either the CD4+ or the CD8+ T-cell subset. In the presence of monocyte supernatant and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL2) CD4+ cells of HIV-1 patients responded normally upon such stimulation as their proliferation correlated (r = 0.9) to the percentage CD4+ cells present in the PMNC population. Selective stimulation and proliferation of CD8+ cells could, however, only partially be elicited by dual antibody stimulation, even in the presence of rIL-2 and monocyte supernatant. Their proliferative response did not correspond (r = 0.1) to the percentage CD8+ cells present in the PMNC culture. A positive correlation (r = 0.7) was detected only between percentage CD8+ HLA-DR- cells and proliferation. This confirmed previous studies showing that the defective in vitro proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes of HIV-infected individuals to mitogens, which is usually interpreted being due to a CD4 cell defect, is actually due to a failure of CD8+DR+ cells to proliferate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Selective stimulation of CD4+ versus CD8+ T-cell subsets in symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals. 174 84

We have developed a cellular adhesion assay in which B lymphocytes expressing HLA class II antigens form rosettes with COS cells expressing high levels of cell surface CD4 upon transient transfection with a CDM8-CD4 plasmid construct. The assay is specific, quantitative, and overcomes the difficulties encountered with a previously described system using an SV40 viral vector. Rosette formation was inhibited by a series of CD4- and HLA-DR-specific antibodies, as well as by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp 120, and a synthetic peptide derived from part of its binding site for CD4 (amino acid residues 414-434), but not by a variety of other effectors, including several soluble CD4 derivatives. The comparison of this pattern of inhibition with those observed in other systems further emphasizes the great similarity, but incomplete identity, in the CD4 binding sites for HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120, and supports a model in which CD4 is considered as an allosteric servomodulator of T-cell adhesion and function which probably is induced to interact with HLA class II antigens when associated with the Tcr/CD3 complex.
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PMID:Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120. 186 5

Twelve healthy, anal-receptive, homosexual Caucasian males who were seronegative for HIV antibody were typed for HLA-DR antigens. Flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype peripheral blood lymphocytes bearing the CD4, CD8, LEU7, and combined CD8 and LEU7 antigens. These individuals had reported a large number of sexual partners within a five-year period preceding this study. Each individual was assigned a score based on the Hardy-Weinberg frequency of their HLA-DR phenotype in the Caucasian population. The larger the value of this score, the more common the HLA-DR phenotype, the smaller the score, the rarer the phenotype in the population at large. A significant inverse correlation was observed between this score and the proportion of lymphocytes with CD8 and LEU7 antigens. Lymphocytes bearing these two antigens have in vitro suppressor activity and are elevated in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The inverse association between CD8+/LEU7+ cells and frequency of HLA-DR phenotypes is consistent with the hypothesis that individuals with rarer phenotypes whose partners are drawn from the population at large are more likely to be challenged during anal insemination, which results in immunosuppression (alloantigenic challenge hypothesis). On the other hand, it is possible that an association exists between certain HLA-DR phenotypes and immune status. Although these observations were made in a very small sample, we believe that the strength of this association provides justification for further investigation into the possibility that alloantigenic challenge may increase the risk for infection, if exposed to HIV, and augment the immunosuppressive action of HIV once significant infection has occurred.
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PMID:Signs of cellular immunosuppression correlate with HLA-DR phenotypes in healthy HIV-negative homosexuals: preliminary findings. 190 90

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) preferentially infects cells that express the CD4 molecule, including monocytes and cells of the monocyte lineage. The monocyte-like cell line U937 and monocytes isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were infected with HIV-1. Cell surface antigen expression was determined in infected and noninfected cells as was the ability to stimulate in mixed lymphocyte reaction. The CD4 antigen decreased in infected cells U937 and PBL monocytes. MHC class II antigens HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP increased in HIV-1 infected U937 cells. In infected PBL-derived monocytes, HLA-DR increased, HLA-DQ decreased, and HLA-DP was unchanged. Infected U937 and PBL monocytes were capable of stimulating allogeneic lymphocytes, thus demonstrating retention of the alloantigen presentation function of HIV-1-infected monocytes.
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PMID:Cell surface antigens and function of monocytes and a monocyte-like cell line before and after infection with HIV. 196 31

Serum from 36 intravenous drug abusers without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex were tested for concentrations of neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin. The seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody in this group was 50%. Previous studies of this group showed that the HIV antibody positive patients had significant increases in HLA-DR expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes and increases in serum soluble CD8 antigen. Both neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin concentrations were significantly higher in the HIV antibody seropositive patients compared to the seronegative patients (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). A highly significant positive correlation between neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin was found for the seropositive patients (r = 0.8879, p less than 0.0001) as well as for the entire group (r = 0.6054, p = 0.0002). Significant positive correlations were also found between neopterin or beta 2-microglobulin and the percent DR + T cells and CD8 antigen levels, although these correlations were not as significant as that observed between neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin. No relationships were found between neopterin or beta 2-microglobulin and total CD4 cell concentrations or CD4/CD8 ratios. These data demonstrate the significant interrelationships between various immune activation markers in a population at risk for developing AIDS.
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PMID:Close relationships between neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin levels in intravenous drug abusers. 197 99


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