Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To study the prevalence of oral manifestations, we examined 217 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Most of our patients were intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) (65%). Other risk categories were represented by IVDAs who were also male homosexuals or bisexuals (11%), male homosexuals and bisexuals (16%), sexual partners of HIV-infected patients (5%), and hemophilic persons and recipients of blood transfusions (3%). Forty-six patients were women and 171 were men, with a median age of 27 years (range, 11 to 65 years). At the time of first examination, 38% of patients had asymptomatic HIV infection, 36% had lymphadenopathy syndrome, 17% had AIDS-related complex, and 9% had AIDS. Oral manifestations were observed in 89 (41%) patients. Of these, 15 had asymptomatic infection, 23 had lymphadenopathy syndrome, 27 had AIDS-related complex, and 24 had AIDS. Increasing severity of disease was significantly associated with higher prevalence of oral lesions (p less than or equal to 0.0001). Candidiasis was the most common oral lesion, followed by hairy leukoplakia. Kaposi's sarcoma, melanotic macules, herpes labialis, condyloma acuminatum, perioral molluscum contagiosum, and bacterial glossitis due to Escherichia coli infection were found in a small number of patients. Results of culture for fungi, available for 203 patients, revealed that 51% of patients with positive Candida cultures had clinical evidence of candidiasis. Our study demonstrates that oral lesions are also important signs of HIV infection among IVDAs. Early diagnosis of these manifestations is becoming increasingly significant in the practice of dentistry.
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PMID:Prevalence of oral lesions among HIV-infected intravenous drug abusers and other risk groups. 230 43

Nine foals with combined immunodeficiency were given hepatic and thymus cells from 68- to 110-day-old (gestational age) fetuses or peripheral blood lymphocytes from nonrelated horses. Clinical signs and lesions consistent with graft vs host reaction were observed in eight of the foals. Diarrhea was observed in these 8 foals, and ulcerative dermatitis, stomatitis, or glossitis was detected in 6 of the 8 foals. Histopathologic changes consisting of necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in liver, skin, alimentary tract, and less frequently in lymphoid tissues. Changes in complete blood counts, plasma bilirubin concentration, and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity were compared with sequential histopathologic alterations in the liver of two combined immunodeficiency foals given peripheral blood lymphocytes from unrelated donor horses. Elevations of sorbitol dehydrogenase correlated with the onset and increasing severity of hepatic lesions.
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PMID:Graft versus host reactions in foals with combined immunodeficiency. 698 99

A follow-up study included the oral examination of 39 persons known to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. In addition to the other human immunodeficiency virus-associated oral lesions, lesions clinically similar to the smooth form of median rhomboid glossitis, which is now believed to be erythematous candidiasis located in the dorsum of the tongue, were found in seven patients (18%). Patients with median rhomboid glossitis were classified in different stages of the Centers for Disease Control 1986 classification system and showed an average of CD+4 cell counts 397.5/mm3. Also the presence or the absence of anti-p24 antibodies in the serum and stimulated whole saliva of the patients with median rhomboid glossitis did not correlate with the stage of the disease or with low levels of CD+4 cell counts as in other forms of oral candidiasis. Therefore our results suggest that median rhomboid glossitis should be included as a distinct form of oral candidiasis in the classification of the oral manifestations of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus.
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PMID:Median rhomboid glossitis. An oral manifestation in patients infected with HIV. 807 60

Herpetic geometric glossitis, a recently described form of lingual herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, has been reported in 6 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and 1 cardiac transplant patient who was receiving immunosuppressant therapy. An HIV-seronegative immunocompromised pediatric patient with acute myelogenous leukemia who developed herpetic geometric glossitis is described. Herpetic geometric glossitis can present in both adult and pediatric immunocompromised patients. The symptoms, morphology, laboratory findings and treatment of this infection are summarized. The possible consequences of untreated herpetic glossitis include superinfection and undernourishment. Although previously described patients responded to 1000 mg per day (divided in 5 doses) or oral acyclovir, with complete resolution of fissures, this patient developed herpetic geometric glossitis while receiving acyclovir and required higher doses of oral antiviral therapy (acyclovir, 3000 mg/day divided in 5 doses) to treat his HSV-1 lingual infection. Empiric treatment of an immunocompromised patient who has newly acquired painful tongue fissures or furrows with systemic acyclovir should be considered.
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PMID:Herpetic geometric glossitis in a pediatric patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. 939 41

An adult domestic shorthair cat had severe chemosis due to purulent and necrotizing blepharitis and conjunctivitis. Purulent rhinitis, necrotizing glossitis, and dermatitis were also diagnosed. The cat was positive for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus. Histologically, intranuclear Cowdry type A inclusions were found within numerous epithelial cells adjacent to the lesions in skin, conjunctiva, and tongue. Electron microscopic examination revealed herpesviral particles within the lesions. Paraffin-embedded skin and tongue tissues were processed in a polymerase chain reaction, using primers to amplify a 306-bp region of the thymidine kinase gene of feline herpesvirus type 1, resulting in a distinct amplification product of the predicted size. The distribution of feline herpesvirus was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and nonradioactive in situ hybridization. Positive immunostaining was found in nuclei and cytoplasm of numerous epithelial cells within and next to the lesions, whereas in situ hybridization, performed with a digoxigenin-labeled double-stranded DNA probe, revealed hybridization signal only in nuclei of intact epithelial cells. Neither immunohistochemistry nor in situ hybridization showed feline herpesvirus type 1 in tissues of lungs, liver, spleen, intestine, or brain.
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PMID:Diagnosis of feline herpesvirus infection by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization. 1073 Sep 56

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human metabolism that catalyzes more than 100 enzymes, facilitates protein folding, and helps regulate gene expression. Patients with malnutrition, alcoholism, inflammatory bowel disease, and malabsorption syndromes are at an increased risk of zinc deficiency. Symptoms of zinc deficiency are nonspecific, including growth retardation, diarrhea, alopecia, glossitis, nail dystrophy, decreased immunity, and hypogonadism in males. In developing countries, zinc supplementation may be effective for the prevention of upper respiratory infection and diarrhea, and as an adjunct treatment for diarrhea in malnourished children. Zinc in combination with antioxidants may be modestly effective in slowing the progression of intermediate and advanced age-related macular degeneration. Zinc is an effective treatment for Wilson disease. Current data do not support zinc supplementation as effective for upper respiratory infection, wound healing, or human immunodeficiency virus. Zinc is well tolerated at recommended dosages. Adverse effects of long-term high-dose zinc use include suppressed immunity, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, anemia, copper deficiency, and possible genitourinary complications.
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PMID:Zinc: an essential micronutrient. 2014 Oct 96

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in India. A descriptive cross-sectional study. To compare the occurrence of candidiasis with the levels of CD4+ (cluster of differentiation) cell counts. A total of 100 patients infected with HIV were included. Oral lesions were observed, only patients with oral candidiasis were studied and classified. Standard methods were used for collection of oral specimens, culturing and identifying Candida species. Potential correlations between the presence and severity of oral lesions and CD4+ cells counts were analysed. Candidiasis was detected in 20% of the patients with an mean CD4+ count being 188. All the patients were on highly active antiretroviral therapy except one. There was pseudomembranous candidiasis in 9, erythematous type in 3, angular chelitis in 2, chronic hyperplastic in 4, and median rhomboid glossitis in 2. Candidiasis is an indicator of low CD4+ cell count but may be seen at different levels of the disease. In HIV sero-positive patients it is an indicator of falling CD4+ cell count generally below 200, indicating onset of AIDS. Many a times the patient does not have specific complaints but, it is picked up only on examination. Hence oral cavity examination should be a must in seropositive patients at every clinical follow up.
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PMID:Prevalence of Oral Candidiasis in Indian HIV Sero-Positive Patients with CD4+ Cell Count Correlation. 3090 28