Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated gingivitis (HIV-G) has been described recently as a clinical entity in HIV-infected patients. However, little is known about the etiology and pathogenesis of this condition. We report a case of HIV-G in a 32-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The histology of the clinically involved gingiva revealed the absence of an inflammatory cell infiltrate. This report provides an initial description of the histologic changes occurring in HIV-G.
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PMID:The clinical and histologic appearance of HIV-associated gingivitis. 231 68

Although atypical gingivitis may be an early indicator of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, dental caries and periodontal disease has not been investigated in African HIV patients. To correct this gap in the research, the prevalence of dental caries, gingival inflammation, and oral hygiene was measured in 83 male and female acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients hospitalized in Kinshasa, Zaire, in 1988-89. Most patients were 21-40 years of age; the mean age was 39 years. 32% of these patients has decayed teeth, teeth were missing in 35%, and 5% had fillings. According to the Plaque Index, 69% of the AIDS patients had good oral hygiene. On the other hand, 66% (76% of females and 54% of males) has gingival inflammation, and it was considered severe in 30% of these cases. The only variable that was significantly higher among AIDS patients than healthy individuals in Kinshasa was gingivitis. The high incidence of gingivitis in AIDS patients is most likely a reflection of an impaired immune system and the susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Oral candidiasis was isolated from subgingival plaque in 94% of the cases in this series, suggesting a need for more attention to the role of Candida in the pathogenesis of HIV-related periodontal disease.
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PMID:Prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, and oral hygiene in hospitalized AIDS cases in Kinshasa, Zaire. 240 61

Lymphoma was diagnosed in a 7-year-old domestic cat found to be infected with FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The cat was affected by chronic disorders suggestive of immunosuppression, including gingivitis, periodontitis, keratitis, and abscesses. Despite treatment, peripheral keratitis of the left eye progressed, resulting in uveitis, chronic glaucoma, and eventual corneal rupture. Microscopic retinal and optic disk pathologic processes also were suspected. Abnormal jaw movements that were believed to be indicative of neurologic disease were observed. Approximately 17 months later, the cat developed generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and bilateral renomegaly. Lymphoblastic lymphoma and glomerulonephritis were diagnosed histologically. Manganese- and magnesium-dependent reverse transcriptase activity were detected in supernatants from lymph node and spleen mononuclear cell cultures, suggesting T-lymphocyte infection with FeLV and FIV.
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PMID:Feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in a cat with lymphoma. 253 74

A representative sample of the pet cat population of the United Kingdom was surveyed. Blood samples from 1204 sick and 1007 healthy cats of known breed, age and sex were tested for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). The prevalence of FIV was 19 per cent in sick cats and 6 per cent in healthy cats, and the prevalence of FeLV was 18 per cent in sick cats and 5 per cent in healthy cats; both infections were more common in domestic cats than in pedigree cats. Feline immunodeficiency virus was more prevalent in older cats but FeLV was more prevalent in younger cats. There was no difference between the prevalence of FeLV in male and female cats but male cats were more likely to be infected with FIV than female cats. No interaction was demonstrated between FIV and FeLV infections. Of the cats which were in contact with FIV in households with more than one cat, 21 per cent had seroconverted. The prevalence of FeLV viraemia in cats in contact with FeLV was 14 per cent. The clinical signs associated with FIV were pyrexia, gingivitis/stomatitis and respiratory signs, and with FeLV, pyrexia and anaemia. It was concluded that both viruses were significant causes of disease, and that the cats most likely to be infected with FIV were older, free-roaming male cats and for FeLV, younger, free-roaming cats.
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PMID:Prevalence of feline leukaemia virus and antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus in cats in the United Kingdom. 255 56

Thirty-two cats referred to the Feline Studies Centre between June 1987 and October 1988, and 14 in-contact cats, were found to be infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Most of the 46 cats were non-pedigree and free ranging; 27 were male (19 neutered) and 19 were female (18 neutered). Their ages ranged from one to 17 years and the average age was 5.8 years. The most common clinical signs were lethargy, inappetence, weight loss, pyrexia and lymphadenopathy; most cases had multiple abnormalities. Other common signs were gingivitis, diarrhoea, rhinitis and ocular discharge. Eight cats had neoplasia. The commonest haematological abnormalities were anaemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. Eight cats had lymphocytosis; seven of these were in a single house-hold. Several cats had high serum globulin levels and half of those tested had high IgG levels. Seven cats had no detectable antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus even though the virus was cultured from the peripheral blood lymphocytes. During follow-up for up to 60 weeks one cat died and 23 were destroyed on humane grounds.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. 255 57

2 intraoral lesions associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have recently been described: an atypical gingivitis and a rapidly progressive periodontitis. The microbiota associated with these gingival and periodontal lesions was investigated. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from 45 HIV-seropositive homosexual men and from 44 HIV-seronegative control subjects. Each sampled site was clinically and radiographically classified as HIV-associated gingivitis, HIV-associated periodontitis, healthy in an HIV-seropositive subject, or healthy, conventional gingivitis or classical periodontitis in a control subject. Plaque samples were examined by indirect immunofluorescence with polyclonal antisera to detect Bacteroides gingivalis, B. intermedius, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Anaerobic culturing was used to detect black-pigmented Bacteroides species, Fusobacterium species, and A. actinomycetemcomitans to confirm the immunofluorescence findings. We detected B. gingivalis, B. intermedius, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans in significantly more HIV-periodontitis sites (80, 65, 59 and 61% of sites, respectively) and HIV-gingivitis sites (61, 70, 52 and 52%, respectively) than in HIV-seropositive healthy and control sites (p less than 0.05). The results indicate that the microbiota found in HIV-periodontitis is similar to that of classical periodontitis. In contrast, however, the microbiota associated with HIV-gingivitis is strikingly different from that of conventional gingivitis. The similarity in the prevalence of periodontopathic organisms in both HIV-gingivitis and HIV-periodontitis suggests that the HIV-gingivitis lesion may be a precursor to the tissue destruction observed in HIV-periodontitis. Hence, early detection and treatment of the HIV-gingivitis lesion may prevent the rapid and extensive breakdown of periodontal tissues associated with HIV-periodontitis.
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PMID:The microbiology of HIV-associated periodontal lesions. 269 96

To assess the relationship between oral lesions and antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus, oral examinations of 803 homosexual males were conducted at the time of serologic testing. Nineteen percent were HIV seropositive. Thirty percent of antibody-positive subjects had one or more oral lesion(s), as compared with 7% of antibody-negative subjects (p less than 0.001). The presence of oral lesions was significantly associated with HIV seropositivity: a subject was 5.7 times as likely to have serum antibodies if he had one or more oral lesions (95% confidence interval, 3.5 to 9.1; p less than 0.001). This significant association with HIV seropositivity was only partially explained by cigarette smoking (adjusted odds ratio 3.1; 1.4-6.8; less than 0.006). Specific conditions that were significantly associated with seropositivity included candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, periodontal disease, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Other diseases identified included acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, mucocutaneous ulcerations, and oral warts. Oral findings may occur earlier in the natural history of infection than previously reported.
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PMID:Oral mucosal lesions: association with the presence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus. 275 88

A new retrovirus was recently discovered in cats affected with an immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The virus shows morphological and biological similarities with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS in human individuals. As the T-lymphocyte is the primary target of the virus, it is termed Feline T-Lymphotropic Lentivirus (FTLV). FTLV is not antigenically related to HIV. Transmission of the virus from animals to human subjects has not been recorded. Cats infected with this virus showed lymphadenopathy, leukopenia, anorexia, chronic stomatitis/gingivitis and other opportunistic forms of infection. Neurological symptoms were also observed. Research is focused on diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Results obtained may contribute to research on AIDS in human subjects.
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PMID:[Infections with feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus]. 284

The devastating orofacial gangrenous disease known as cancrum oris (noma) is still commonly seen in underprivileged Nigerian children. These children are usually victims of such stressors as chronic malnutrition, numerous endemic communicable diseases and severe adverse physical conditions which may lead to depletion of their adaptive resources or produce physiological maladaptation to additional stressors. Measles is the most common infection preceding the development of noma in Nigerian children. Acquired immunodeficiency as well as the impaired endocrine balance of the chronically malnourished permits, for example, widespread infection with the measles virus. Anergy resulting from the combination of malnutrition and measles virus infection promotes selective overgrowth and invasion by an infective consortium consisting of anaerobic organisms and other species capable of elaborating necessary growth factors for the former. Because of the pre-existing depletion of adaptive physiologic resources in the malnourished child, the infection is not readily contained locally as necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis but instead spreads rapidly to the next naturally occurring anatomical barriers. This is then followed by continuing necrosis and possible sequestration as exemplified by noma.
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PMID:Infectious oral necrosis (cancrum oris) in Nigerian children: a review. 286 38

A naturally occurring immunodeficiency syndrome has been seen in a captive colony of macaque monkeys. This syndrome is seen primarily in the species Macaca cyclopis. Affected animals died with lymphomas (a rare disease in macaques) or such opportunistic infections as Pneumocystis carinii and noma (necrotizing gingivitis). These M. cyclopis exhibited anemia, neutropenia, and a circulating bizarre immature monocyte. In addition, liver function tests suggested hepatitis. Pokeweed mitogen-, concanavalin A-, and xenogeneic cell-stimulated proliferative responses by lymphocytes of animals with the syndrome were dramatically diminished. The T4 (helper, inducer)/T8 (suppressor, cytotoxic) ratio in the peripheral blood mononuclear T-cell populations of M. cyclopis in this colony are decreased when compared with those from either Macaca mulatta in the same colony or normal humans. Epidemiologic evidence implicates a common source agent in this syndrome. The similarity of this syndrome in macaques to human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome suggests that it may provide an important model for studying the human syndrome.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a colony of macaque monkeys. 622 43


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