Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of Destombes Rosai Dorfman's syndrome are presented. Diagnosis was performed by superficial lymph node biopsy. The first case concerned a nine and half years old girl with cervical adenopathy who developed a compressive mediastinal adenopathy responsible for a right lower lobe atelectasis. Because of local lung suppuration a lobectomy had to be performed. The second case concerned a fourteen years old boy with recurrent fever, diffuse superficial lymph nodes and erythematous skin rash. The two patients showed clinical and biological inflammatory symptoms without any immunodeficiency. No aetiological agent could be identified. Antibiotics and corticoids had no effect but the two patients recovered (after 18 months follow up in case 2). These two particular cases confirm the clinical course heterogeneicity of the syndrome which requires histological diagnosis.
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PMID:[Destombes-Rosai-Dorfman syndrome: 2 uncommon clinical forms]. 786 19

We report a 34-year-old homosexual man who developed a maculopapular, non-itchy exanthema mainly on the trunk in addition to fever up to 39.8 degrees C, general malaise, arthralgias, generalized enlargement of the lymph nodes, watery diarrhoea and weight loss. The patient was in an acute phase of the HIV infection according to standards of WHO and CDC (i.e. acute infection with duration from 3 days to 3 weeks with occasional mononucleosis-like symptoms and positive antibody tests). We documented the seroconversion from HIV-negativity to HIV-positivity 15 days after the onset of the acute illness, concomitant with the resolution of the clinical symptoms. Haematological changes were monitored during the conversion. The infection with HIV-1 was shown by the reduction of T4 helper cells (262/microliters) and the inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio (< 0.5 during seroconversion). The patient also developed generalized candidiasis owing to the acute immunodeficiency.
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PMID:[Acute primary stage of HIV infection with documented seroconversion]. 790 62

We describe a case of disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. The diagnosis was made by examination of a peripheral blood smear. The patient presented with fever, jaundice, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and an erythematous, papular rash. Microscopic examination of a Wright's-stained peripheral blood smear revealed many yeast cells in neutrophils. Some yeast cells had clear central septation. Presumptive diagnosis of disseminated P. marneffei infection was made, and treatment was started several days before the culture results were available.
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PMID:Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection diagnosed on examination of a peripheral blood smear of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 816 35

HLA-disease associations may be important for understanding the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Therefore, 106 homosexual men from the Amsterdam Cohort Study on AIDS with a known date of HIV-1 seroconversion were serologically typed for HLA. Several significant associations between HLA type and pathogenic features of HIV-1 infection were observed: Subjects with fever and skin rash during primary HIV-1 infection showed an increased frequency of HLA-B62 (relative risk [RR], 5.8; P = .005). The frequency of HLA-B35 was increased in subjects with a rapid decline in CD4+ T lymphocytes (RR, 3.2; P = .021). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a significant association between HLA-B35 and a decrease in CD4+ cells to < 200/microL (P = .01). The strongest association was found between HLA-DR1 and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (RR, 22.5; P < .001), also confirmed in survival analysis (P = .001). In AIDS patients with only opportunistic infections, increased frequencies of HLA-DR3 (P = .011) and -DQ2 (P = .007) were observed. Finally, the occurrence of syncytium-inducing HIV-1 variants was significantly associated with HLA-DQ2 (P = .01).
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PMID:Associations between HLA frequencies and pathogenic features of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in seroconverters from the Amsterdam cohort of homosexual men. 819

During the past 5 years, 99 patients with herpes zoster were hospitalized and followed. Age, sex, localization of rash, complications, duration of hospitalization and treatment were analyzed. Most patients were in their 6th and 7th decades. Cranial nerve involvement was frequent (35%). A generalized rash was more common in those with immunodeficiency. Acyclovir (Zovirax) inhibited to some extent the spreading of the rash and reduced the frequency of herpetic neuralgia. Our findings are in accord with those in the literature.
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PMID:[Herpes zoster treated with acyclovir]. 820 May 84

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a relatively recently discovered virus. Although systematic studies on the spread of this virus are lacking, considerable data have been collected regarding the prevalence of HHV-6 infection. A number of laboratory methods are available for the diagnosis of HHV-6 infection, but currently these tests are usually available only in research laboratories. HHV-6 has been implicated in a number of infectious and lymphoproliferative and malignant diseases. While the relationship between HHV-6 and human immunodeficiency virus is not yet clear, HHV-6 has been shown to cause exanthema subitum and acute febrile illness in young children. At this time no adequate antiviral therapy is available for HHV-6 infection.
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PMID:Human herpesvirus 6. 823 67

The clinical features, chest radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) images were evaluated in 11 cases with serologically proved adult measles complicated with pneumonia (10 were previously healthy and one had sarcoidosis). Pneumonia appeared during the rash period in all cases. Respiratory symptoms were cough (9/11), dyspnea (3/11), and hypoxemia (10/11). Pneumonia manifestations were detected in only 4 cases by chest radiograph; on the other hand, they were seen in all cases by CT scan and consisted of ground-glass opacities (73%), nodular opacities (64%) and consolidation (27%). CT seems to be a useful method to detect measles pneumonia if it is suspected. Measles pneumonia in previously healthy patients had a good prognosis, as the hypoxemia disappeared within 6 days in all cases. The sarcoidosis patient showed prolonged pneumonic shadows and period of hypoxemia. Measles pneumonia occurring in a host with cellular immunodeficiency may have a severe clinical course.
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PMID:[Clinical features of measles pneumonia in adults: usefulness of computed tomography]. 825 23

To evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, we conducted was a prospective observational study of inpatients with HIV disease. The study was conducted in a public teaching hospital affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco. We reviewed daily the hospital records of all eligible inpatients throughout their hospitalization for potential ADRs. Potential ADRs were independently evaluated by two of the authors with regard to the extent of their causal association(s) with implicated drug(s) using a previously validated algorithm. Type (A, augmented; B, bizarre) and severity (mild, moderate, severe) were also evaluated. Among 495 patient admissions involving 390 eligible patients, 173 potential ADRs were identified, of which 118 (68.2%) had a probable or definite causal relationship to the implicated drugs. These probable or definite ADRs occurred among 79 (20%) eligible patients; 82 ADRs (69.5%) were classified as augmented (type A) and 36 (30.5%) were classified as bizarre (type B) reactions. Skin rash was the most frequent (17%) ADR encountered. Of the medications causing ADRs, 70% were antimicrobial drugs. Significant independent risk factors for developing ADRs included advanced stage of HIV disease, intake of a greater number of medications, and longer hospital stay. A high percentage of patients with HIV disease developed ADRs. Skin rash was the single most common kind of ADR. Advanced stage of illness and prolonged drug exposure were the only risk factors for ADRs.
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PMID:Pharmacoepidemiology of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. 831 76

In this series of 31 patients with acute infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, the male-to-female ratio was 3.4:1 and the mean age was 31.3 years. Sexual transmission accounted for 83.9% of cases; 45.2% of the patients were homosexual and 38.7% were heterosexual. The mean duration of symptoms and signs was 21 days (range, 5-60 days). Fever (87.1%) and skin rash (67.7%) were most commonly reported. Physical examination findings were abnormal for 96% of the patients; the oral cavity (76.7%) and the skin (73.3%) were the most frequently involved sites. Thirteen of 25 patients with sexually acquired infection had genital or oral ulcers, whereas five intravenous drug users had none (P = .052). Thrombocytopenia was the most common hematologic abnormality and was detected in 17 of 23 patients tested. P24 antigenemia, an initially negative screening test for HIV antibody, and a low CD4+ lymphocyte count were noted in 23 of 29, 23 of 30, and 14 of 21 tested patients, respectively.
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PMID:Symptomatic primary infection due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1: review of 31 cases. 835 47

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) will be the most common disease triggering crusted (Norwegian) scabies. Scabies should be suspected in any atypical itching (or non) rash in HIV/AIDS patients. Attempt to prove the diagnosis by doing a skin scraping, or if negative, a skin biopsy. Unusual forms of scabies in HIV/AIDS can be divided into crusted scabies and atypical (exaggerated) scabies. Therapy requires the sequential use of scabicides, usually over a longer period than is required to clear an ordinary case of scabies. Compliance is a concern, and the scabicides are best administered under supervision whenever possible. Isolating the index patient and treating the environment of patients with crusted or atypical scabies is much more significant than in ordinary scabies. The transmission in hospitals of ordinary scabies from an index patient with crusted scabies to other patients, health care workers, etc, is common. Protective measures and early diagnosis and therapy are essential.
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PMID:Scabies in AIDS. 847 36


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