Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cutaneous manifestations are common in patients with HIV infection and mainly due to the immunodeficiency. In the initial stage of HIV infection, we frequently observe a rash of macular lesions. During the asymptomatic phase, the patients may typically show the following skin diseases: seborrhoic dermatitis, acneiform folliculitis, persistent herpes simplex, and infections with the human papilloma virus. In ARC and AIDS patients, 3 groups of skin disorders are found: cutaneous infections, skin tumors, and other mixed skin diseases. Herpes simplex and herpes zoster may develop into ulcerating and necrotising forms especially in patients with advanced immunodeficiency. The most frequent skin tumors in AIDS patients are the disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. More than 50% of the AIDS patients treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole developed a severe drug eruption. African and Caribbean patients with AIDS frequently suffer from pruritic skin lesions, the pathogenesis of which is not known. Aside from these cutaneous manifestations, a variety of other skin disorders have been reported in patients with HIV infection, ARC, or AIDS; future research will furnish definite proof whether they are correlated with HIV infection.
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PMID:[Skin manifestations in patients with HIV infection]. 220 61

Adverse effects are common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who receive trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Two patients experienced a rare anaphylactoid syndrome. Within hours of receiving a double-strength TMP-SMX tablet, a 28-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive man developed fever, hypotension, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy was begun but discontinued 2 days later when signs and symptoms resolved and specimens for Pneumocystis carinii were negative. A 38-year-old man developed rash, fever, hypotension, hyperbilirubinemia, renal dysfunction, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates after taking two doses of oral TMP-SMX. Several antimicrobial agents, including parenteral pentamidine, were administered despite lack of evidence for P. carinii or other infection. four case reports of similar reactions in patients with AIDS have been published. Notable differences exist between the syndrome described and anaphylaxis. The TMP-SMX anaphylactoid reactions in patients with AIDS mimic sepsis or opportunistic infection, thus making diagnosis difficult.
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PMID:Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole anaphylactoid reactions in patients with AIDS: case reports and literature review. 228 64

We describe an acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 16 homosexual men who presented with painful swallowing (odynophagia). Eleven men had a maculopapular rash and 3 had palatal ulcers. At esophagogastroduodenoscopy (endoscopy), multiple discrete esophageal ulcers measuring 0.3 to 1.5 cm in diameter were observed. Electron microscopy of biopsy specimens taken from the ulcer margins in 8 men revealed viral particles 120 to 160 nm in diameter whose morphologic characteristics were those of retroviruses. Human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion was documented in 15 men by Western blot analysis. In 3 men, HIV-1 was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in 2 men HIV-1 was isolated from peripheral blood monocytes, and in 1 man HIV-1 was isolated from tissue taken from the margins of the esophageal ulcers. These observations extend our knowledge of the clinical spectrum of acute HIV infection syndromes and suggest that cells in the esophagus are a target for HIV-1 infection.
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PMID:Acute HIV infection presenting with painful swallowing and esophageal ulcers. 232 32

Acute exanthema occurs in patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive before they become seropositive. The patients have influenza like symptoms and a macular skin rash on the upper trunk. Histopathological investigation of skin punch biopsy specimens from four patients with acute HIV exanthema showed a normal epidermis and a sparse dermal, mainly perivascular, lymphocytic/histiocytic infiltrate around vessels of the superficial plexus. Histopathological changes of the exanthema of acute HIV infection are non-specific and resemble those of other acute viral exanthema, but when both the histopathological features and the clinical picture are suggestive, the clinician should take into consideration the possibility of HIV infection.
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PMID:Histopathology of acute human immunodeficiency virus exanthema. 233 16

We describe a man who presented with Reiter's syndrome and a new prominent malar rash. The malar rash was the clue for the early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in this patient. A high index of suspicion for the diagnosis of HIV infection is required in patients with Reiter's syndrome presenting with unusual clinical manifestations.
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PMID:Malar rash in a patient with Reiter's syndrome--a clue for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. 238 10

Fusidic acid has previously been noted to prevent syncytial formation by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. Since this drug is a cheap, usually well-tolerated substance with known toxicity profile, an open, uncontrolled trial was undertaken to evaluate its possible efficacy in HIV disease. Twenty HIV antibody positive patients (10 with AIDS and 10 with ARC) were treated with sodium fusidate 500 mg every 8 h for up to 3 months. One patient died during therapy and six ceased treatment due to adverse events. Rash, nausea, diarrhea, and/or abdominal pain caused difficulties in all patients. There was no significant improvement in clinical state or T-helper cell levels, and no observed decrease in HIV p24 antigen during treatment. We conclude that in this open trial, sodium fusidate had no observable beneficial clinical, virological, or immunological effects.
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PMID:Clinical, immunological, and virological effects of sodium fusidate in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC): an open study. 249 93

A mononucleosis-like illness is frequently recognized retrospectively as the first manifestation of infection with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). This acute but transient retroviral syndrome may include symptoms such as malaise, fever, sweats, myalgia, arthralgia, maculopapular rash, diarrhea, and lymphocytic meningitis. We observed two intravenous drug users who developed a severe, febrile illness with subsequent oral thrush (one also had biopsy-proven esophageal candidiasis). Both patients had weight loss, arthralgia, myalgia, and fatigue. These symptoms occurred two weeks after needle-sharing and persisted for 7 weeks in one patient and 10 weeks in the other. Both patients had serologic evidence for both acute HIV-1 and cytomegalovirus infection. Cytomegalovirus enhances HIV-1 replication in vitro, presumably by stimulating HIV-1 gene expression. Thus, the observed syndrome suggests that this viral interaction may be clinically significant because it appears to cause severe additional morbidity, which is not typical for primary infection with HIV-1. After 6 months of follow-up, one patient is completely asymptomatic but shows markedly reduced CD4+ lymphocytes. The other patient developed persistent lymphadenopathy after the acute illness, but is feeling well 21 months after infection.
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PMID:Co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) and cytomegalovirus in two intravenous drug users. 215 58

HHV.6 (or HBLV) herpesvirus was isolated in 1986. This virus has a specific tropism for T cells. It is ubiquitous. Most subjects are infected in early childhood. HHV.6 is responsible for exanthema subitum. Its possible involvement in the aggravation of immunodeficiency syndromes and its action on malignant haematologic disorders, has been suggested but has not been clearly demonstrated.
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PMID:[Human B lymphotropic virus (HBLV) or human herpesvirus (HHV-6)]. 254 15

Acute graft-vs-host disease occurring during the early weeks of life has been previously reported as a rare disease entity. We report a case of acute graft-vs-host disease in a female infant with an immunodeficiency that was thought to be secondary to intrauterine or neonatal cytomegalovirus infection or, less likely, to a severe combined immunodeficiency. The patient presented with a triad of failure to thrive, diarrhea, and maculopapular and petechial rash. The first clue to diagnosis was the skin biopsy finding of an epidermal lymphocytic infiltrate in association with individual necrotic keratinocytes. The diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy. In the absence of an obvious graft, the disease is believed to have been the result of maternofetal T-cell transfer in utero or at delivery.
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PMID:Acute graft-vs-host disease in an immunodeficient newborn possibly due to cytomegalovirus infection. 255 81

Phenytoin-induced panhypogammaglobulinemia mimicking the common variable immunodeficiency syndrome is rare. We describe a patient who, while being treated with phenytoin and corticosteroids, developed panhypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent pneumonia, eosinophilia, and a transient rash. Immunoglobulin levels, which had been normal prior to phenytoin therapy, returned to normal over a period of several months after the drug therapy was stopped. Levels of IgG subclasses and numbers of B cells, T cells, and T-cell subsets were determined during the recovery period. In a review of the reported cases, eosinophilia and rashes were frequently noted. These findings, along with recurrent infections in a patient receiving phenytoin therapy, should prompt a careful evaluation of the patient's immunologic status.
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PMID:Reversible common variable immunodeficiency syndrome induced by phenytoin. 273 Feb 60


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