Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Granulocyte functions were studied in 20 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 20 subjects with lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) and 15 symptom-free drug addicts (SFDA). Polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) phagocytosis and killing of C. albicans appeared normal in homosexual men with AIDS, while drug addicts with AIDS or LAS and SFDA showed a significant defect of these functions as compared to healthy controls. Migration of PMNL in response to a chemoattractant was normal in SFDA, but markedly defective both in LAS and in AIDS patients. In the AIDS group no significant differences were evident between homosexual men and drug addicts. We conclude that defective PMNL phagocytosis and killing, unlike defective migration, are somehow related to drug abuse rather than to infection with the causative agent of the immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Impairment of polymorphonuclear leucocyte function in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and with lymphadenopathy syndrome. 379 96

The syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS) has previously been described. Originally thought to affect homosexuals and drug abusers exclusively, the disorder has also been observed in women associated with drug abuse, hemophiliacs, Haitians and, rarely, in heterosexual men. Several hundred cases have been reported in the United States whereas only a small number have been reported elsewhere. We report the first case of AIDS in Israel in a heterosexual male who developed the opportunistic infections of esophageal candidiasis and pneumocystis caranii pneumonia as well as the ischemic retinopathy which has come to be associated with the syndrome.
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PMID:Retinal manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Report of a case. 633 29

This is a report on a young homosexual US citizen with disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma of the skin who has lived in Berlin for about 1 year. During the last few years this malignant variant of the conventional Kaposi's sarcoma-characterized by rapid generalization and aggressive course--has become epidemic in some big cities in the USA. Until now there exist only a few reports from Europe. The data of our patient are representative of the typical epidemiologic, anamnestic, clinical, and diagnostic features of this unusual disease. Acquired immunodeficiency, high frequency of infections, and drug abuse may represent major etiologic factors. This report underlines the possibility that the disseminated type of Kaposi's sarcoma in young men may be observed more often in Europe in the near future.
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PMID:[Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma of the skin in a young homosexual with substance abuse]. 688 25

The clinical and follow-up analysis of 213 cases (including 144 males and 69 females) with human immunodeficiency virus-induced infection at different stages and 14 autopsies characterizes the factors which have a negative influence on the CNS. These include opportunistic infections, concomitant infections, chronic alcoholism, drug abuse, premorbid altered background, endogenous diseases, psychosexual disorientation concerning the sex of the object, psychogenic reactions. It is concluded that there are difficulties of distinguishing the symptomatology directly associated with human immunodeficiency virus neurotropism. There are positive and negative trends in the lifestyle of the HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients.
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PMID:[Psychoneurologic aspects of infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus]. 751 Jan 60

The clinical significance of the high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in dialysis patients remains undefined. In order to assess the relationship between seropositivity and potential infectivity, 63 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were evaluated between April and May 1990. The mean duration of maintenance hemodialysis was 45 mo (range, 13 to 144). Eighty-two percent (52 of 63) had received blood transfusions, and 16% (10 of 63) had a history of iv drug abuse. Serum samples were analyzed by HCV-cDNA polymerase chain reaction; antibodies to HCV structural (core) and nonstructural regions NS3 and NS4 were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Specimens repeatedly reactive for anti-HCV and HCV-RNA-positive samples were tested by HCV MATRIX dot immunoblot assay and HBV-DNA PCR. Twenty-five percent (16 of 63) were anti-HCV-positive. Of the 16 anti-HCV-positive patients, HCV-RNA was detected in 5 (31%) with the NS3 primers and in 12 (75%) with 5'-noncoding primers. Among the anti-HCV-negative patients, HCV-RNA was detected in 2 (4.3%) of 47 patients. Eleven of the 18 patients with HCV infection (anti-HCV and/or HCV-RNA-positive) had evidence of additional present or past viral infections (human immunodeficiency virus and/or hepatitis B virus). In summary, HCV-RNA is present in at least 75% of anti-HCV-positive patients, suggesting that they may be infectious. The detection of HCV-RNA in anti-HCV-negative patients may indicate early or chronic HCV infection not detected by current antibody assays or the inability of these patients to mount or sustain a significant antibody response.
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PMID:Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in hemodialysis patients. 751 32

This paper focuses on 76 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconverters who concurrently participated in the Chicago, Illinois, component of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and the Coping and Change Study (CCS) of homosexual/bisexual men between 1984 and 1992. A nested case-control analysis was performed to assess the critical behavioral risk factors associated with incident HIV-1 infection and the consistency of these relations in early (1984-1988) versus later (1989-1992) phases of the study. Univariate results revealed strong early period associations between seroconversion and various measures of receptive anal intercourse (RAI) that became considerably weaker in the study's later period. The weaker associations reflected the overall decline in levels of RAI among the cohort during the 9 years of observation. In contrast, univariate results revealed stronger later period associations between seroconversion and measures of receptive oral intercourse and insertive anal intercourse. Subsequent multivariate testing did not support the hypothesis that receptive oral intercourse and/or insertive anal intercourse have replaced unprotected RAI as important risk behaviours in the homosexual transmission of HIV-1. In conditional logistic regression models combining intercourse measures with indices of drug and condom use, only the latter variables were consistently associated with HIV-1 seroconversion in both early and later study periods. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for nonuse of condoms during RAI were consistently significant throughout the study (ORs = 3.7-4.8), while adjusted odds ratios for recreational drug use variables rose dramatically during the latter half of the study (e.g., for use of cocaine, OR = 81.3 (95% confidence interval 8-824) [corrected], and for use of nitrite "poppers," OR = 9.1 (95% confidence interval 1.8-45.5)). The behavioral intervention applications of these findings, as well as their relation to data from other recent cohort studies of HIV-1 seroconversion among homosexual/bisexual men, are discussed.
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PMID:A case-control study of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion and risk-related behaviors in the Chicago MACS/CCS Cohort, 1984-1992. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Coping and Change Study. 757 64

Classic and HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are predominantly found in male Caucasians. It is unclear why KS is so rare in women. At the Department of Dermatology, University of Frankfurt, epidemic KS was diagnosed in 299/751 (40%) male and 5/72 (18%) female HIV-infected patients. To detect common parameters regarding immunodeficiency, hormonal disturbances, abnormalities in clinical course, or sexual practices, data of eight women with KS (five HIV+, three HIV-) were compared. In HIV+ women KS is more aggressive than in HIV- women and more aggressive than in HIV+ men. Early and frequent visceral involvement and no preference for the lower extremities are found. Compared to HIV- women with KS, HIV+ women are generally younger (mean age 38 vs 71 years) and significantly immunodeficient (reduced absolute CD4 cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio). All women with KS investigated for sexual hormones (7/8) showed abnormalities: 7/7 had low oestrogens, 4/6 low LH and 3/5 low progesterone. Controls (n = 11, HIV+ without KS) showed a clear trend for higher serum levels of sexual hormones, but the difference was not significant. Although different reasons for low levels of oestrogens (drug abuse, marasmus, menopause) must be considered, the lack of oestrogens seems to be a common finding in HIV+ and HIV- women with KS. There was no correlation between sexual practices (anal or oral-faecal contacts) and the manifestation or aggressiveness of KS.
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PMID:[Kaposi sarcoma in Caucasian women. Clinical, chemical laboratory and endocrinologic studies in 8 women with HIV-associated or classical Kaposi sarcoma]. 759 68

A prospective study of transplacental transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) showed an increased rate of spontaneous fetal demise in HIV-seropositive mothers: 14 losses in 124 pregnancies. HIV was detected in placental and fetal tissues in 7 of 14 by in situ hybridization. The proportion of fetal infection far exceeded the transmission rate of 13% in liveborn babies. No association was seen between fetal transmission and a maternal history of drug abuse or coinfections; mothers with AIDS more often had fetal loss associated with HIV transmission than did asymptomatic mothers. In affected fetuses, HIV was detected in many tissues and was associated with thymic pathology. This suggests that maternal HIV infection increases the risk for pregnancy loss associated with HIV transmission. The possibility that HIV may be fetotoxic, that thymic dysfunction may interfere with pregnancy progression, or that the intrauterine milieu in HIV-seropositive pregnancies may be unfavorable (or a combination of factors) should be considered.
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PMID:Excess intrauterine fetal demise associated with maternal human immunodeficiency virus infection. 759 2

This paper focuses on the implications of an inadequate public health/preventive health care system for emergency medicine (EM), the role that EM providers can play in remedying critical health problems, and the benefits gained from a public health approach to EM. A broad definition of public health is adopted, suggesting shared goals of public health and EM. Critical problems posed for EM include alcohol, tobacco, and other drug abuse; injury; violence; sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection occupational and environmental exposures; and the unmet health needs of minorities and women. A blueprint for future merging of public health issues with EM is presented that includes the application of public health principles to 1) clinical practice; 2) public education, community involvement, and public policy advocacy; 3) development of medical school and residency public health/prevention curricula and teaching methods; and 4) research opportunities and surveillance. Finally, recommendations are proposed that require restructuring the present health care system to provide resources, incentives, and organizational changes that promote an integration of public health and preventive services in the practice of EM.
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PMID:A public health approach to emergency medicine: preparing for the twenty-first century. 762 Nov 94

A study was performed on 51 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected patients with a previous history of drug abuse. By the CDC staging system for HIV infection they were mainly in advanced stages of that infection, 67% were in IV-A and 8% in IV-CI. Patients were divided in two groups, one composed of 33 individuals who needed AZT therapy and the other of those who did not need that medication (18 patients). Between 3 and 18 months several parameters were assessed on 3 different occasions, according to standard techniques: red blood cells and platelet numeration, CD4 and CD8 cell counts, HIV antigen (p24 Ag), beta 2-microglobulin, high-density serum lipoproteins (HDL), and anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA). In the patients treated with AZT the first bioserologic evaluation was performed before starting this therapy. Finally it was observed that p24 AG and ACA were present in 21% of the patients, all of them in advanced stages of HIV infection and under AZT therapy. A significant correlation was only found between CD4 counts and beta 2-microglobulin (R = 0.34; P = 0.0001).
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PMID:Comparative study of various biological markers in infection by HIV1. 765 84


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