Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

46 subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were followed up to determine psychiatric morbidity, both prior to and after information regarding their HIV status was revealed to them. Among these patients, 4 had AIDS syndrome while 42 individuals were HIV carriers. The preinformation morbidity in the AIDS group included 2 individuals who presented with delirium and 1 with an adjustment disorder. The psychiatric diagnosis among the HIV carriers revealed 1 patient with major depression, 4 with adjustment disorders, and 4 with alcohol dependence syndrome. The additional morbidity after the diagnosis was revealed and included major depression and adjustment disorders which could be managed by psychological intervention and counseling in most instance. The individual who later developed major depression committed suicide. The study, though preliminary in nature, suggests that it may be beneficial to include psychiatric management as past of the general care of individuals with HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric morbidity in HIV infected individuals. 185 20

It is evident that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is one of the most serious public health issues in decades. HIV infection compromises cell-mediated immunity which ultimately may result in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS, to date, remains an incurable and progressively fatal disorder. HIV infection is spreading beyond the originally identified high-prevalence groups of gay/bisexual males, intravenous drug abusers, and recipients of infected blood or blood products. Today, more and more heterosexual males, women, adolescents, and children have been infected with this lethal virus. This report addresses some of the psychiatric complications associated with HIV infection and discusses the diagnostic and clinical management challenges that clinicians must face as they deal with the increasing population of HIV-infected patients. Depression, anxiety, psychosis, delirium, and dementia are commonly encountered disorders associated with HIV spectrum disorders which must be accurately identified and can be effectively managed with psychopharmacological interventions.
 ...
PMID:Psychopharmacotherapy of psychiatric syndromes in asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infection. 192 28

Cerebral infection with human immunodeficiency virus can result in the development of symptoms covering a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders and including adjustment disorders, affective disorders, delirium and dementia. The rapid and insidious nature of the disease requires an approach that relies on differential diagnosis, thorough psychiatric and neurological examination and, when indicated, additional tests such as EEG, LP, CT or MRI. The treatment of psychiatric symptoms is based on traditional pharmacological principles, although at lower doses due to the patients' propensity to develop delirium. Supportive psychotherapy and education of the patient and his family on the special aspects of HIV-associated psychiatric disorders are also cornerstones of treatment.
 ...
PMID:[HIV infection of the central nervous system: psychiatric consequences]. 338 Oct 71

Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, type 1, may present with neuropsychiatric manifestations across all stages of disease. Frequently, these patients may present with more than one neuropsychiatric disorder concomitantly. The case presented highlights the utility of detailed clinical observation, careful use of medical terminology, and a neuropsychiatric organizing paradigm in the diagnosis and treatment of a patient presenting over time with delirium, aphasia, mania, and a complex partial seizure disorder.
 ...
PMID:The role of precise conceptualization in the treatment of a complicated HIV-1-infected neuropsychiatric patient. 1033 94

To better understand disease progression in older persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we studied patients aged 50 years and older hospitalized with a diagnosis of HIV infection or AIDS between January 1985 and October 1995. Data collected included demographics, opportunistic infections, comorbid disease, neurologic dysfunction, and antiretroviral therapy. A total of 86 patients with a mean age of 54.3 years was identified. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the most frequent opportunistic infection (43%). Hypertension was the most common previous medical condition (38%). Other comorbid disease was present in less than 15% of the subjects. Fifty-seven patients (66%) had neurologic impairment, with 30 requiring treatment for delirium. In these 30, 23 (77%) had anemia, infection, or both. The median length of survival following the diagnosis of AIDS was 18.5 months, for HIV it was 48 months. The median survival following the diagnosis of AIDS in patients who received antiretroviral therapy was 22 months compared with 11 months for those who did not receive antiretroviral therapy (p < 0.0004). Multivariable analysis found that antiretroviral therapy was the only independent predictor of survival after the diagnosis of AIDS. In contrast to previous studies, the present findings suggest that older age may not necessarily be associated with more rapid disease progression and reduced survival times in persons with HIV infection or AIDS. In those patients with delirium, many may have readily treatable conditions (anemia and/or infection). The absence of significant comorbid disease and the access to antiretroviral therapy may be in part responsible for the longer survival times obtained in this cohort compared to that reported previously.
 ...
PMID:Is age a negative prognostic indicator in HIV infection or AIDS? 1033 40

The study demonstrates that delirium in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients is associated with mortality, the need for long-term care, and an increased length of hospitalization. Data were collected prospectively on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients admitted to a teaching hospital from January 1996 through December 1996. The data included demographic characteristics of the participants, medical diagnoses, CD4 cell count, Karnofsky functional assessment, mortality during admission, length of stay, and discharge placement. Participants were evaluated throughout their hospital stay for evidence of delirium. The presence of delirium was determined using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. There were no significant differences between delirious and nondelirious patients with respect to demographic characteristics or markers of medical morbidity. Patients with delirium were more likely to die during admission (chi-square [chi2] = 39.1, df = 1, P<.0010), to stay longer in hospital (t = 3.50, df = 12.9, P<.0041), or to need long-term care if discharged alive (chi2 = 12.8, df = 2, P<.0021). Delirium is associated with adverse outcomes in hospitalized AIDS patients. More research is needed to characterize the nature of this association.
 ...
PMID:Outcomes associated with delirium in acutely hospitalized acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. 1074 84

1. The human immunodeficiency virus invades the central nervous system early after infection where it later gives rise to cognitive, motor, and behavioral manifestations in children and adults. 2. Ranging from mild impairments to frank dementia, CNS manifestations can be diagnosed and measured with standard neuropsychological test batteries. 3. Great strides have been made with treatment: CNS manifestations are treatable, as are depression, psychosis, and delirium which sometimes accompany HIV disease at different stages. 4. With startling advances in antiretroviral therapy and lower mortality, patients face a constellation of new concerns stemming from HIV's transformation to a more chronic disease. 5. There are many compelling research directions ahead, including the psychosocial impact of living with HIV as a chronic disease, the development of medications expressly targeted to the CNS, and basic research on neuropathogenesis, including trafficking of virus into the CNS.
 ...
PMID:Neuroscience research in AIDS. 1126 54

Delirium and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia are well recognized neuropsychiatric consequences of HIV infection in adults. Almost nothing is known regarding the management of delirium in HIV-infected children and adolescents. HIV-related progressive encephalopathy is thought to represent the pediatric form of HIV-associated dementia; however, this condition occurs in HIV-infected infants and preschool children and is rapidly followed by death. This report describes the identification and treatment of apparent HIV-associated dementia complicated by delirium in an adolescent girl.
 ...
PMID:Case study: delirium in an adolescent girl with human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. 1683 11

In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the most common cause of focal intracranial lesion is Toxoplasma gondii infection. T. gondii encephalitis is an easily and effectively treatable disease, with promising outcomes. T. gondii has the potential to form a focal infection niche anywhere in the central nervous system, thus allowing for a colorful clinical picture. In this report, we attempted to present five HIV/AIDS cases with central nervous system toxoplasmosis demonstrating five different neurological presentations. The ages, gender and clinical findings of the patients who were admitted to our Infectious Diseases Clinics were as follows; 35 years old male patient with delirium, 49 years old male patient with focal dystony, 32 years old female patient with facial paralysis and monoparalysis, 53 years old male patient with Wernicke syndrome, 32 years old male patient with epilepsy. Cerebral toxoplasmosis were diagnosed by clinical findings and imaging techniques. The patients were treated with trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (TMP-SMZ) and haloperidol, only TMP-SMZ, clindamycin and daraprim, TMP-SMZ and levotiracetam, TMP-SMZ and phenytoin, respectively, with recovery in neurological and radiological symptoms. In conclusion, until proven otherwise, HIV/AIDS patients presenting with focal neurological complaints should be accepted as having central nervous system toxoplasmosis.
 ...
PMID:[The colorful clinical spectrum of cerebral toxoplasmosis in five HIV positive cases: what comes out of Pandora's box?]. 1677 62

Delirium in children has received little attention from researchers until very recently, despite being a frequently encountered clinical problem, particularly in the context of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). In this article, we report 3 cases of severe hyperactive delirium occurring in children with advanced HIV/AIDS in the context of probable underlying HIV encephalopathy and complex drug-drug interactions. We also present a hypothesis in relation to HIV-associated delirium as a potential neuropsychiatric manifestation of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in children commenced on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
 ...
PMID:Delirium in children with HIV/AIDS. 1929 49


1 2 Next >>