Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present four patients with active neurocysticercosis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. In three patients, symptoms of neurocysticercosis brought the patient to medical attention and led to the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Neurocysticercosis should be considered in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons who have been in areas where cysticercosis is endemic.
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PMID:Neurocysticercosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. A possible association. 152 88

Current data indicate that there are a number of infectious diseases, ie, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus infections, cysticercosis, hepatitis A, syphilis, tuberculosis, and typhoid fever, among others that cause disproportionately increased morbidity in Hispanics. The greater rate of poverty with its associated socioenvironmental problems, increased barriers to health care, and importation of infectious diseases endemic in the mother country are some of the major reasons that probably account for this disparity in disease burden in Hispanics. This formidable health problem can be addressed by targeting efforts at improving health education of family units and communities, environmental improvements, elimination or reduction of barriers to health care management and disease prevention, and appropriate screening programs. A comprehensive and uniform assessment of the impact of infectious diseases on Hispanics (and other minorities) in this country remains elusive, but is of paramount importance in establishing priorities and effective/efficient strategies to address this issue.
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PMID:Major infectious diseases causing excess morbidity in the Hispanic population. 187 56

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analysed in 50 AIDS patients in this investigation. CSF analysis included: pressure, aspect, colour, cytology (cell number, cytomorphology, and lymphocyte subpopulations), proteins concentration and their electrophoretic distribution, chloride and glycosis concentration, GOT and LDH activity, immunology for cysticercosis, syphilis and toxoplasmosis, bacteriology, and mycological examinations (direct, cultures, Cryptococcus neoformans antigen test). Diagnostic changes were: lymphoma cells in one patient, cryptococcosis in 10, toxoplasmosis in 4, candidiasis in 1, and syphilis in 3. Cryptococcosis occurred in association with toxoplasmosis in one patient who developed syphilis in the follow-up; oligoclonal distribution of gamma globulins occurred in this case. In another case of cryptococcosis, candidiasis appeared during the course of the disease. Changes in the CSF composition observed are discussed in order to evaluate: aspects of CSF inflammatory response in report to immunodeficiency; blood-brain barrier involvement; CNS damage; intracranial mass effects.
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PMID:[Cerebrospinal fluid in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Analysis of 50 cases]. 344 24

A first case is reported from France of a subcutaneous and muscular tissues invasion by proliferative larval forms of Taenia crassiceps in an AIDS-patient with severe immunodeficiency. These larvae usually develop in rodents whereas the adult form of the cestode is commonly found in foxes. Authors emphasize the differential diagnosis from other human subcutaneous metacestodoses such as T. solium cysticercosis, cenurosis and hydatidosis. The proliferative aspect of the larvae, the recurrence of lesions after surgical removal and the possible invasion of other tissues are elements of a poor prognosis.
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PMID:[Invasive cysticercosis due to Taenia crassiceps in an AIDS patient]. 764 12

A fluctuant, painful, subcutaneous, and intermuscular tumor developed in a 38-year-old man with severe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in which immunodeficiency was severe. Surgery revealed lesions that formed a multilocular pouch embedded in deep tissues in the forearm filled with tapiocalike material containing a viscous fluid, granules, and cysticercilike small vesicles. Pathologic and parasitologic evaluation showed cysticerci embedded in a fibrocollagen reaction with inflammatory granulomatous reaction. Each cysticercus contained an invaginated scolex with two rows of small (i.e., 80 microm) and large (i.e., 114 microm) rostellar hooks, identical to larva of Taenia crassiceps. All clinical, parasitologic, and pathologic features of these cysticerci were very different from those of all other larval cestode (i.e., Taenia solium cysticercosis, coenurosis, sparganosis, cysticercosis due to Taenia saginata [Cysticercus bovis], primary and secondary hydatidosis [Echinococcus species]). T crassiceps cysticerci usually develop in subcutis and pleuroperitoneal cavities of rodents, whereas the adult tapeworm is commonly found in the digestive tract of foxes. Biologic properties of T crassiceps cysticerci and epidemiologic characteristics of pandemic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) could eventually indicate new potential cases of T crassiceps cysticercosis in humans.
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PMID:Taenia crassiceps invasive cysticercosis: a new human pathogen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome? 953 78

At the turn of the last century, infectious diseases represented an important cause of health morbidity and behavioral changes. Neurosyphilis, for example, was relatively common at the time and often led to the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. With the advent of effective antibiotic treatment, the association between infectious diseases and dementia became increasingly less frequent, although a resurgence of interest in this area has taken place during the past 15 years with the emergence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). This paper reviews the most frequent infectious causes of dementia, including prion diseases, as well as infections caused by herpes virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), toxoplasmosis, cryptococcus, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, borrelia and cysticercosis.
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PMID:Dementia associated with infectious diseases. 1624 Apr 84

Ecuador is considered a holoendemic high-risk area for the transmission of cysticercosis. Moreover, the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) occurs worldwide. We present a case of simultaneous diagnosis of cysticercosis and HIV infection in a 22-year-old Ecuadorian immigrant. We would postulate that with the increasing HIV incidence in endemic areas of cysticercosis, the simultaneous diagnosis of both diseases is an event to be expected.
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PMID:Neurocysticercosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case report. 1710 32

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) has attained the importance of one of the most common cause of focal brain lesions in patients infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). Adequate data regarding the rate of this co-infection is lacking. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of cysticercosis among HIV patients residing in Puducherry or its neighboring districts of Tamil Nadu State, India. A total of one hundred blood samples were collected from HIV seropositive cases visiting JIPMER hospital, Puducherry, between June 2007 and May 2008. Enzyme immunotransfer blot (EITB) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to demonstrate anti- T. solium larval stage antibodies and Co-agglutination (Co-A) test was used to detect T. solium larval stage antigens in sera. Two HIV seropositive cases were found positive for anti-T. solium larval stage antibody by EITB and four were positive by ELISA. Only one sample was positive by both EITB and ELISA. No serum sample was found positive for T. solium larval stage antigen by Co-A test. The overall seropositivity detected by all the methods was 5% in this study group. The accurate clinical diagnosis of NCC in HIV is difficult due to deranged immunological parameters in the HIV infected patients. The results of this study provides important data on the prevalence of cysticercosis in HIV positive patients in Puducherry and neighboring areas which was previously unknown. This study will also increase awareness among physicians and public health agencies about T. solium cysticercosis in the selected group.
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PMID:A serological study of cysticercosis in patients with HIV. 1973 97

The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a group of parasitic and related infectious diseases such as amebiasis, Chagas disease, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, hookworm, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis. Together, these conditions are considered the most common infections in low- and middle-income countries, where they produce a level of global disability and human suffering equivalent to better known conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and malaria. Despite their global public health importance, progress on developing vaccines for NTD pathogens has lagged because of some key technical hurdles and the fact that these infections occur almost exclusively in the world's poorest people living below the World Bank poverty line. In the absence of financial incentives for new products, the multinational pharmaceutical companies have not embarked on substantive research and development programs for the neglected tropical disease vaccines. Here, we review the current status of scientific and technical progress in the development of new neglected tropical disease vaccines, highlighting the successes that have been achieved (cysticercosis and echinococcosis) and identifying the challenges and opportunities for development of new vaccines for NTDs. Also highlighted are the contributions being made by non-profit product development partnerships that are working to overcome some of the economic challenges in vaccine manufacture, clinical testing, and global access.
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PMID:Vaccines to combat the neglected tropical diseases. 2119 76

Among those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, salivary gland pathology and other less common signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity are emerging. Generally speaking, lymphoepithelial lesions of the parotid gland are uncommon with a reported incidence of 0.6%, but they are beginning to overtake other oral lesions such as candidiasis as predominant oral manifestations of clinical HIV infection. Here, we describe a patient with a known history of neurocysticercosis with presumed extracranial cysticercosis as demonstrated by the clinical manifestation of bilateral parotid gland swelling and a ring-enhancing, hypodense lesion of the left parotid gland on CT. He was found to have a lymphoepithelial cyst arising in a lobe of the left parotid gland per pathological evaluation after left superficial parotidectomy, and this served as the initial sign of HIV positivity, which was confirmed by serological studies.
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PMID:Lymphoepithelial cyst as a herald of HIV seropositivity in a patient with known history of neurocysticercosis and suspected parotid cysticercosis. 3036 11


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