Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cross-sectional study among female sex workers in Abidjan was conducted to study the association between sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and HIV-related immunosuppression. Among 1209 women tested for HIV, 962 (80%) were seropositive. HIV infection was independently associated with a longer duration of sex work, a lower price for intercourse, being an immigrant, and having a positive Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test (P < .05). Genital ulcers (25% vs. 5%), genital warts (14% vs. 4%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (32% vs. 16%), Trichomonas vaginalis (27% vs. 17%), and syphilis (27% vs. 17%) were more frequent (P < .05) in HIV-infected than -uninfected women. Among HIV-infected women, the proportions with a genital ulcer were 17%, 25%, and 36% for those with > 28%, 14%-28%, and < 14% CD4 cells, respectively (P < .001). This study suggests that genital ulcers are an opportunistic disease in female sex workers in Abidjan.
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PMID:Genital ulcers associated with human immunodeficiency virus-related immunosuppression in female sex workers in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. 869 87

The incidence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) was studied in a group of 210 homosexual and bisexual men. The presence of genital warts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was assessed as risk factors for the development of AIN. In all, 74 (35 per cent) of the group had histological evidence of AIN. The relative risk of being positive for HIV on AIN (relative to being negative for HIV) was 1.58 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.01-2.48). The relative risk of anal warts on AIN (relative to absence of anal warts) was 4.70 (95 per cent c.i. 1.81-12.20). Logistic regression analysis showed no significant interactive effect between HIV and anal warts on the risk of AIN. It is concluded from the results of a Mantel-Haenzel analysis that the presence of anal warts and HIV infection are independent risk factors for the development of AIN in homosexual and bisexual men.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus infection and genital warts as risk factors for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in homosexual men. 761 88

In Zimbabwe, there are about 120,000 pregnancies involving women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) each year--a finding that has major implications for the practice of gynecology and obstetrics in the country. For financial, cultural, and psychological reasons, HIV screening is not provided routinely to pregnant women in Africa. About 28% of infants of HIV-positive mothers are infected in utero (20% during labor) and an additional 14% are infected by breast feeding. To minimize vertical transmission of HIV, obstetricians are urged to avoid blood transfusions during delivery, clamp the umbilical cord as early as possible, use rubber cap vacuum extractors that prevent head abrasions, modify cesarean section techniques to reduce contact with maternal blood, and wipe rather than suction blood from the newborn's face. After delivery, HIV-infected women are at increased risk of puerperal sepsis, massive condylomata acuminata, fever, wasting, and mortality. No guidelines have been developed for the feeding of infants of HIV-infected mothers since formula is prohibitively expensive. Most African couples resist HIV testing. However, in cases where one or both partners are known to be infected, condoms, long-acting injectable contraception, or sterilization should be considered.
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PMID:Practising obstetrics and gynaecology in areas with a high prevalence of HIV infection. 765 5

Forty-two Tanzanian patients with genital warts were treated with 0.5% podophyllotoxin solution (Wartec) for 3 days. Thirteen patients (30.9%) were cured and a further 7 patients (16.7%) had more than 50% of lesions cleared at 6 weeks, while 19 patients were resistant to treatment. Three patients had a recurrence of lesions after an initial response. Thirty-three patients were tested for serological evidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 15 (45.5%) patients were shown to be HIV-1 antibody positive. The response to treatment was analysed in relation to HIV antibody status. The cure rate was significantly higher in HIV seronegative patients (8/18 = 44.4%) compared to HIV seropositive patients (1/15 = 6.7%) (P = 0.018). We conclude that podophyllotoxin treatment provides a useful non-hospital based treatment for genital warts, but HIV infection appears to contribute to the failure of treatment for genital warts.
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PMID:Response to podophyllotoxin treatment of genital warts in relation to HIV-1 infection among patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 777 23

A cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (n = 253) and uninfected (n = 658) women was prospectively studied to assess the relationship between venereal warts and HIV status, adjusting for self-reported and biologic measures of sexual risk behavior. Participants were assessed every 6 months for venereal warts and other sexually transmitted diseases, self-reported sexual behavior, and CD4 cell counts. The incidence of venereal warts was significantly increased in HIV-infected women (8.2 vs. 0.8/100 person-years of follow-up). This difference remained after adjusting for measures of high-risk sexual behavior and was observed in women at all levels of immune function, including those with > or = 500/mm3 CD4 cells. The increased risk of venereal warts in HIV infection can occur relatively early in HIV disease and appears chiefly attributable to a higher risk of progression from subclinical to clinical human papillomavirus (HPV) disease rather than to a higher risk of HPV acquisition.
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PMID:Incidence of venereal warts in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected women. 779 19

The need to design acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention programs specifically tailored to the African-American community was underscored in a study that found substantial variability between Blacks and Whites in high-risk sexual behaviors. Included in the survey were 149 Black males, 155 Black females, 40 White males, and 64 White females attending the same college in the southern US. 71 (47%) Black males, 29 (19%) Black females, 20 (50%) White males, and 24 (38%) White females were currently involved with more than one sexual partner. 4.5% of Black students and no White subjects had tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Students with multiple sexual partners were significantly more likely than their monogamous counterparts to use illegal drugs, practice anal intercourse, have experience with prostitutes, have a history of gonorrhea and genital warts, and to believe condom use is not necessary if you love your partner. Blacks in the multiple partners subgroup were significantly more likely than their White counterparts to have experience with prostitutes, indicate an intense anger response to condom use, and perceive themselves as at high risk for HIV/AIDS; knowledge of AIDS scores did not differ. White students were significantly more likely than Blacks to engage in anal and oral sex. Discriminant function analyses revealed that having multiple partners was in large part (32%) determined for Whites by consistent condom use and having sex with women, while sex with women, oral sex, history of syphilis, and sex with prostitutes predicted 25% of the variance among Blacks. 41% of anal intercourse variance among Whites was contributed by having multiple sex partners, sex with males, sex with females, and marijuana use; 47% of the variation among Blacks was explained by previous treatment for gonorrhea, genital warts, and herpes; condom acceptance and the perception condoms are inconvenient; sex with males; being male; sex with a prostitute; and oral sex.
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PMID:What is the significance of black-white differences in risky sexual behavior? 780 59

These guidelines for the treatment of patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were developed by staff members of CDC after consultation with a group of invited experts who met in Atlanta on January 19-21, 1993. Included are new recommendations for single-dose oral therapy for gonococcal infections, chlamydial infections, and chancroid; new regimens for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and outpatient management of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); a new patient-applied medication for treatment of genital warts; and a revised approach to the management of victims of sexual assault. This report includes new sections on subclinical human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer screening for women who attend STD clinics or who have a history of STDs. These recommendations also include expanded sections on the management of patients with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC); STDs among patients coinfected with HIV; and STDs among infants, children, and pregnant women.
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PMID:1993 sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 814 6

Anal and genital lesions caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) may be associated with severe dysplasia and cancer, chiefly in cases of "high risk" HPV types 16, 18, 31, 35, 51. The frequency of HPV infections and the severity of genital cancers seem to be increased in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. PATIENTS AND METHOD. The distribution of different HPV types was compared with the anatomical and clinical features of the lesions in two populations, one HIV+ (n = 40) and the other HIV- (n = 48), who had anal and genital lesions. The HPV DNA was determined by molecular hybridization in situ, using biotinylated probes which recognized HPV types 6/11, 16/8 and 31/35/51 on 99 lesions. RESULTS. HIV+ subjects differed from HIV- subjects in that a higher proportion of them had anal lesions (50 p. 100 vs 10 p. 100) and condyloma latum (80 p. 100 vs 50 p. 100). Koilocytosis without dysplasia was more often found in HIV- subjects (12.5 p. 100 vs 55 p. 100). Conversely, dysplasia was more frequent among the lesions of HIV+ subjects: grade I 39.5 p. 100 vs 17.5 p. 100; grade II 25 p. 100 vs 4 p. 100; grade III 12.5 p. 100 vs 0 p. 100. Koilocytosis was preferentially associated with condyloma acuminatum. In HIV+ subjects the DNA of HPV, detected in 73 p. 100 of the lesions, was "high risk" HPV DNA in 86 p. 100 of the cases, whereas in HIV- subjects 51 p. 100 of the samples were positive in hybridization, and 61.5 p. 100 had "low risk" HPV DNA. In subjects of all groups "high risk" HPV was found in dysplastic lesions. CONCLUSION. HIV seropositive subjects show an imbalanced distribution of HPV with predominance of "high risk" HPV. This suggests that immunodepression encourages infection by this oncogenic virus, thereby contributing to the frequency of cancer in HIV+ subjects.
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PMID:[Anogenital papillomavirus lesions in humans with or without HIV infection. Comparison of colposcopic, histopathological and virological results]. 823 75

Sexually transmissible diseases (STD), caused by viruses are by far the most important ones, even though German legislation has ignored them up to now as STD. Anogenital herpes is easily diagnosed by means of monoclonal antibodies. This makes therapy available with acyclovir without delay in atypical cases or for example in persons with immunodeficiency. The therapy regimen usually is 5 x 200-400 mg/day. Recurrent herpes in high frequency and with severe pain may be successfully suppressed by 2-5 x 200 mg/day of acyclovir orally without serious side effects. This will not eliminate herpes viruses. Anogenital warts may look very different and occasionally cannot be detected before local application of 3% acetic acid. Histology is diagnostic. There are different strains causing diseases in men. Therapy of choice is destroying infected cells by CO2-laser coagulation. The incidence of hepatitis B in developed countries is decreasing slowly within the past years, this may partly be due to vaccines, that are available since the early eighties, producing immunity in about 95%. Treatment of chronic hepatitis with interferons seems to be beneficial. Infections with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and their end stage disease AIDS are a growing problem all over the world. Interventions are possible with different nucleoside analogs, e. g. zidovudine (AZT), dideoxycytidine (DDC), dideoxyinosine (DDI). Up to now there is no agreement on when to start with one of the drugs and if or when to switch to combination therapy. Hopefully this may stabilize immunologic parameters and hold disease progression to some time.
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PMID:[Sexually transmitted diseases by herpes simplex, wart, hepatitis B, and human immunodeficiency virus]. 839 59

We sought to ascertain the reasons why virgins might attend sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. The medical records of 31 patients (18 males and 13 females) attending a major public STD clinic and who declared no lifetime sexual partners were examined. Nine subjects were concerned about genital anatomical variation while 3 had non-STD genital pathology (urinary tract infection, non-specific genital dermatosis, vaginismus). Six attended for human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing and 3 for hepatitis-related reasons. Of 6 children, 5 were screened for congenital syphilis and the other had genital warts. Three older patients (aged 34-38) presented with genital symptoms as part of a previously diagnosed psychosis. One prostitute who attended for a 'certificate' had never had penetrative sex. Most attendances in this study were appropriate and reflect the increasing recognition of STD clinics as appropriate centres for a wide range of non-STD genital and sexual problems.
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PMID:Why virgins attend sexually transmitted disease clinics. 839 5


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