Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) detection was done using the polymerase chain reaction technique on tumor tissue from 44 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Only one of the 44 was associated with HPV infection. The HPV-positive patient was not known to have immunodeficiency or genital warts, and the tumor was not morphologically different from the other tumors. Control experiments excluded the possibility that this finding was caused by contamination of the sample. This study confirms that HPV infection is a rare condition in bladder carcinoma.
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PMID:Low incidence of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in bladder tumor detected by the polymerase chain reaction. 131 Aug 88

To evaluate the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a study was conducted of 147 HIV-seropositive and 51 HIV-seronegative prostitutes in Nairobi, Kenya. Among the women infected with HIV, 10 (7%) had signs or symptoms of significant HIV-related disease, and the remaining 93% were asymptomatic. The prevalence of cervical HPV DNA was 37% among HIV-seropositive women and 24% in HIV-seronegative women (odds ratio [OR] 1.7, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.8, 3.6, after adjusting for potential confounding factors). Genital warts, cervical HPV DNA, and cytologic findings consistent with CIN were all significantly associated with younger age and fewer years of prostitution, but were unrelated or weakly related to number of sexual partners per week or frequency of condom use. In a subset of 63 women with evaluable Papanicolaou smears, CIN was found in 50% of the women with HPV but only in 8% of those without HPV (adjusted OR 7.2, 95% CI 1.6, 32.1, P = 0.006). However, CIN was unrelated to HIV seropositivity (prevalence of 26% among HIV-seropositive women and 24% in HIV-seronegative women). Among women with cervical HPV DNA, HIV infection was not associated with an increased prevalence of CIN (47% prevalence among women with HIV versus 57% prevalence among women without HIV). Thus, in this population of HIV-seropositive women, most of whom had CDC Stage II or III infection, there was no demonstration of an adverse impact of HIV on CIN.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Nairobi prostitutes. 131 92

Thirty-two (18%) of 181 children cared for at our institution who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were first seen, and HIV was diagnosed, when they were 4 years of age and older. Initial complaints or diagnoses for these children included the following: hematologic disorders (5) (3 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 1 neutropenia, 1 anemia); recurrent bacterial infections (10); Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (3); developmental delay (1); skin disorders (2) (1 genital wart, 1 chronic zoster); weight loss (3); malignancy (1); and nephropathy (1). Eight children were referred for evaluation because of maternal HIV-1 infection. The risk factors for HIV-1 infection included maternal/perinatal exposure (22), perinatal blood transfusion (6), blood transfusion during infancy (2), and sexual abuse (2). Ten (31%) of the 32 children have subsequently died. The longest survival from perinatal infection was 12 years. HIV-1 infection in children can result in a prolonged clinical latency and can masquerade as other pathologic conditions. The absence of clinical symptoms in older children at risk for HIV-1 infection should not deter HIV testing.
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PMID:Delayed recognition of human immunodeficiency virus infection in preadolescent children. 140 40

In the US and globally women are contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and developing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) the fastest. Worldwide, HIV is transmitted primarily through heterosexual intercourse. In the US, the proportion of women who have contracted AIDS by heterosexual transmission has increased from 11% in 1984 to 34% in 1990. Women are at a greater risk than men for transmission by heterosexual intercourse as the ratio of women to men who acquire AIDS by heterosexual transmission is 3 to 1. Furthermore, 25% of AIDS cases caused by heterosexual transmission or iv drug use occurs in women. Although women often develop HIV-related serious gynecologic problems, including cervical cancer and refractory vaginal candidiasis, these conditions do not fall within the Centers for Disease Control definition of AIDS. Women who have gynecologic symptoms are not diagnosed as having AIDS, are not eligible for AIDS benefits, and live half as long as men do once they are diagnosed as being HIV infected. Little is known about the characteristics of HIV infection or AIDS in women. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) seem to act as cofactors for HIV infection. The human papilloma virus or genital warts, the herpes simplex virus, syphilis, chancroid, recurrent vaginal candidiasis, abnormal Pap smears, cervical neoplasias, and pelvic inflammatory disease have been associated with HIV infection in women. HIV infection should be considered in all women with symptoms of any of these disorders. Nurses must first become aware of the clinical manifestations of HIV infection specific to women. Nursing interventions should educate about safer-sex including condom use with nonoxynol 9, and the risks of sharing needles. Strategies must be developed that provide empowerment skills and are sensitive to the women's cultural, religious, and ethnic background, beliefs, and values.
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PMID:Issues concerning women and AIDS: sexuality. 140 53

Cutaneous manifestations are common in patients infected with HIV and tend to be more frequent as immunodeficiency progresses. It remains, however, unclear which or how many with HIV-1 infection will develop skin disease. This paper presents and describes the commonly reported skin diseases occurring in people with HIV-1 infection. Observed infections include herpes zoster, herpes simplex, chancroid, syphilis, condylomata acuminata, oral hairy leukoplakia, molluscum contagiosum, candidiasis, bacterial infections, dermatophytosis, and scabies. Noninfective conditions such as pruritic papular eruption, seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis, and others may also present. Regarding disease etiology, a transient maculopapular rash may present in the initial stage of HIV infection. Seborrhoeic dermatitis, persistent genital ulcer disease, pruritic papular eruption, and/or a variety of scaling dermatoses may then be observed during the otherwise asymptomatic phase. Kaposi's sarcoma is the most frequent skin tumor associated with HIV disease. It is also observed that skin manifestations of adverse reactions to drugs occur more frequently in patients with HIV disease than in immunocompetent patients. In closing, most skin diseases associated with HIV disease respond well to standard treatment regimens. Relapses and/or recurrences are, however, frequent among these patients.
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PMID:Cutaneous findings associated with HIV disease including AIDS: experience from Sub Saharan Africa. 149 76

To investigate the risk factors for man-to-woman sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we carried out a cross-sectional study of 368 women who were steady partners of HIV-infected men attending 16 Italian clinical centers. Information was collected from the medical records of the infected men and by direct interviews with the women. In a logistic regression analysis, the woman's awareness of her partner's seropositivity (odds ratio [OR], 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0 to 1.1), use of condoms (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 1), and oral contraceptive use (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.0) were negatively associated with transmission of the HIV infection. An increased risk was found in women having sexual intercourse more than twice a week (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.9) and in women who had been sexually exposed to HIV for between 2 and 5 years (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.8 to 6.7). The transmission rate was higher in couples who engaged in anal sex (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 6.3); in women reporting vaginitis (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.4 to 10.2) or genital warts (OR, 33.3; 95% CI, 4.5 to 244.1); and in those using intrauterine devices (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.4 to 7.1). The risk for women was also associated with a CD4+ cell count lower than 400/mm3 in their partners. Knowledge of the HIV status of the partner led to increased condom use but did not induce a lower frequency of sexual intercourse or an avoidance of anal sex.
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PMID:Man-to-woman sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. Risk factors related to sexual behavior, man's infectiousness, and woman's susceptibility. Italian Study Group on HIV Heterosexual Transmission. 168 98

As condylomata acuminata often persist in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an immunohistological study of warts from infected men was undertaken to further knowledge about human papillomavirus persistence in this group. Using an indirect immunoperoxidase method and a panel of monoclonal antibodies, the phenotypes of cells were studied in cryostat sections of perianal or anal warts removed from 14 HIV-infected men (10 homosexual and 4 heterosexual) and from 16 non-infected men (10 homosexual and 6 heterosexual). Although the median numbers of CD1+, CD3+ and CD4+ cells per unit area were similar in each group of individuals, the number of CD8+ cells was significantly higher in HIV-infected homosexual men when compared with non-infected individuals and HIV-infected heterosexual men. The median CD4+ cell count in the peripheral blood was significantly higher in HIV-infected heterosexual men than in HIV-infected homosexual men (P less than 0.05). These findings may reflect differences in duration of HIV infection between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the proportion of cells expressing interleukin-2 receptors between HIV-infected and non-infected individuals. Natural killer (CD16+) cells were not identified in any of the condylomata.
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PMID:Immunological study of condylomata acuminata in men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 198 71

In a study of 2,682 selected attenders at a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic for blacks in Durban, antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were detected in 63 (2.4%)--30 of 937 women (3.2%) and 33 of 1,745 men (1.9%). Women aged 15-19 years (P = 0.002) were at greater risk of HIV-1 infection than women of other age groups. Among men, HIV-1 seropositivity was associated with genital ulcer disease (GUD) (P = 0.007) and donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) (P = 0.02). Among seropositive men with donovanosis the probability of HIV-1 infection increased as the duration of lesions increased. When HIV-1 seropositive women were compared with a subgroup of 73 seronegative women with GUD, inflammatory cytological changes were associated with antibodies to HIV-1 (P = 0.02). Among women overall, HIV-1 seropositivity was associated with previous syphilis (P = 0.03). In men herpes zoster (P = 0.04) and in women lymphadenopathy (P = 0.002) accounted for HIV-1 seropositivity in patients with medical complaints. HIV-1 seropositivity in men with gonorrhoea and genital warts was less than in men without gonorrhoea (P = 0.001) and genital warts (P = 0.03). These results support the causal hypothesis of HIV transmission whereby mucosal discontinuity acts as a portal of entry for the virus. GUD and cervical inflammation secondary to STDs in seronegative subjects may facilitate HIV transmission. The relative risk of various STDs are probably dependent upon the duration of epithelial damage and exposure to HIV-1.
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PMID:HIV-1 infection among heterosexual attenders at a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Durban. 206 36

A case is described of a man with multiple papillomas on the nipple that resembled clinically and histologically condylomata acuminata. Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 41 DNA sequences were detected in the biopsy material. There was no evidence of any immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Recurrent papillomas of the nipple associated with human papillomavirus 41. 216 14

We report the case of a patient with multiple findings characteristic of Noonan's syndrome, including a severe lymphedema present since early infancy, hypertelorism, low-set and prominent ears, broad facies, low posterior hairline, high arched palate, broad short neck, slightly short stature, and moderate dental malocclusion. In addition, extensive verrucae planae, verrucae vulgares, and condylomata acuminata occurred and were refractory to conventional therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an association of Noonan's syndrome with extensive verrucae. We speculate that it is related to immunodeficiency as a consequence of loss of immunoglobulins and lymphocytes from intestinal lymphangiectasia. Cutaneous findings and other physical anomalies reported in patients with Noonan's syndrome are reviewed.
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PMID:Noonan's syndrome with extensive verrucae. 222 32


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