Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic bronchitis is defined for epidemiologic and clinical purposes as the presence of productive cough for three months in each of two successive years. Based on symptoms, the term 'chronic bronchitis', therefore, does not describe one distinct disease. It is rather a collective name for the clinical manifestation of numerous different congenital or acquired chronic diseases of the trachea, the bronchi and the bronchioli. Cigarette smoking is the most consistently important (and preventable) determinant of chronic bronchitis. There are, however, other rare etiologic factors, including malformations, tumors, recurrent aspirations and bronchiectasis. The latter often occur in association with systemic disorders such as cystic fibrosis, immotile cilia syndrome, immunodeficiency, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and others.
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PMID:[Chronic bronchitis: rare etiology]. 144 Apr 38

Activity of purine metabolism enzyme, adenosine deaminase (ADA) in lymphocytes and erythrocytes from patients with pneumoconiosis and chronic bronchitis was determined. ADA activity decrease was found in lymphocytes and erythrocytes for both decreases. The observed decrease of ADA activity indicates that after the long term work in mineral dust industry damage of purine metabolism takes place, that is similar to the disturbance observed under secondary immunodeficiency. Changes in activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase show some decrease of functional activity of anti-radical protection. Therefore the results obtained can be used for the selection of a group with highest risk of predisposition to these diseases.
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PMID:[Changes in adenosine deaminase and antioxidative enzyme activity in patients with lung diseases of dust etiology]. 179 56

SM-4300, a newly developed human immunoglobulin for intravenous use, was administered to 6 patients in the pediatric field. Two cases out of 3 cases with immunodeficiency syndrome were studied in terms of absorption and excretion of SM-4300 and all of them were observed effect of preventive bacterial infection. Three cases were administered combination therapy with SM-4300 and antibiotics. Two cases were pneumonia and 1 case was pleurisy. The following results were obtained. Two cases with immunodeficiency syndrome were observed serum levels of immuno gammaglobulin before and after administration of SM-4300. At 2-3 hours after the administration of SM-4300, the serum levels got to peak and the half-lives were 22.1 days and 22.6 days, respectively. The half-lives of SM-4300 were similar to plasmin or polyethylene glycol treated and sulfonated human immunoglobulin. The clinical effects of substitution therapy against 3 patients with immunodeficiency syndrome were observed. Through the administration of SM-4300 every 18 to 21 days for 6 months, 1 case was doing well. One case with chronic bronchitis and otitis media was hanging in the balance as well as she has been administered other immunoglobulin preparations. The last case didn't control the serum levels of immunoglobulin because he did not visit a hospital until incidence of infectious disease.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of SM-4300 in the pediatric field]. 407 25

Sixteen patients with severe primary humoral immunodeficiency diseases were treated intravenously for 12 months with a beta-propiolactone stabilized preparation of IgG (Intraglobin) as part of a phase II study of safety and efficacy. In order to evaluate the metabolism of IgG in these patients and to determine whether increased doses of IgG would lead to a decrease in the rate of infections, the study was divided into two periods. All patients were infused with a standard dose of 100 mg/kg/month for 6 months and the peak and trough serum IgG concentrations were determined. The half-life of the IgG was determined in each patient after the fourth month and this value was used to calculate the dose necessary to raise the trough serum IgG concentration to a minimum of 200 mg/dl. The patients received this individualized dose in the final 6 months and the half-life determination was repeated at the conclusion of the study. Only 3 of 10 patients who received a higher dose in the second period had a substantial increase in trough serum IgG concentrations, but the failure to achieve higher concentrations was not due to a shortening of the half-life. The Intraglobin was well tolerated with no patient unable to complete the study due to side-effects. Ten percent of the infusions were associated with minor, self-limited reactions, with 16 of the 19 reactions occurring in the first 6 months. There were no life-threatening infections during the 12-month period. A total of 105 episodes of infections were recorded, but only a cumulative total of 51 days of normal school or work activity were lost by the 16 patients during the 12 months of the trial period. Most infectious episodes were due to chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, and otitis. There was no reduction in the number of infections in the second, higher dose period of the study; however, as there was little increase in serum IgG concentration, more data are required before it will be possible to determine if the incidence of chronic infections can be reduced by a further increase in the serum IgG concentration.
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PMID:Use of a new chemically modified intravenous IgG preparation in severe primary humoral immunodeficiency: clinical efficacy and attempts to individualize dosage. 642 23

The paper concerns the problem of secondary immunodeficiency (SID) in chronic bronchitis (CB) patients. Clinical and laboratory criteria of SID are suggested with clinical illustrations covering 57 cases. SID was diagnosed in 80.7% of the examinees and was associated with reduced quantitative and functional parameters of T-lymphocytes, imbalance in subpopulations of regulatory T-lymphocytes. Observations of the patients during their treatment with immunostimulants showed the changes to be reversible, accompanied frequently with parallel rise in serum immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes.
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PMID:[The problem of secondary immunodeficiencies in patients with chronic bronchitis]. 805 80

In 42 adults with recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) and common variable immunodeficiency or immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass deficiency, the results of pulmonary function tests were related to factors apt to produce airway obstruction: serum concentration of IgG and IgG subclasses, various features of acute RRI (number/year, time from onset to diagnosis, episodes of pneumonia, etc) and type of chronic lung disease (smoking and nonsmoking related chronic bronchitis, episodic wheezing, and bronchiectasis). Compared with nonsmokers, usually less than 40 years of age, the patients above 40 had smoking-related chronic bronchitis and had obstruction (%FEV1/forced vital capacity [FVC] 55.3 +/- 8.1 vs 80.1 +/- 4.5), hyperinflation (residual volume 182.7 +/- 22.7 percent vs 109.7 +/- 8.8 percent of pred) hypoxemia (66.6 +/- 5.8 vs 83.4 +/- 4.2 mm Hg) and impaired carbon monoxide transfer (65.5 +/- 9.1 percent vs 93.3 +/- 5.8 percent). The features of acute or chronic RRI, the time from onset to diagnosis (< 10 yr in the entire group), the type of IgG deficiency or the serum concentration of the deficient protein did not correlate with substantial obstruction (FEV1/FVC < 70%). In conclusion, in adults with IgG deficiency and RRI for less than 10 yr, smokers with chronic bronchitis rather than nonsmokers develop substantial airway obstruction.
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PMID:Airway obstruction in adults with recurrent respiratory infections and IgG deficiency. 816 26

Replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is currently the therapy of choice in patients with antibody-formation deficiency. Our 30-month experience with IVIG treatment in 8 patients with common variable immunodeficiency and in 4 patients with x-linked agammaglobulinemia previously treated by intramuscular immunoglobulin or low-dose IVIG is presented. Long-term dosage was 400 mg/kg once in 3--4 weeks. Ten patients reported an improvement of their health state, especially the signs of their chronic bronchitis improved. Compared to 2 cases of pneumonia which occurred within 30 months before IVIG therapy had started, no case of pneumonia occurred during IVIG treatment. Infusion rate of 4 mg/kg/min was safe enough in 11 of our patients. Serum trough IgG level is the most important for laboratory monitoring of the patients under IVIG therapy.
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PMID:[Personal experience with replacement therapy with intravenous gamma globulin]. 855 94

The immunomodulating activity of arbidole was studied in cultured cells, animals, and human beings. Arbidole was shown to have effects on nonspecific defense factors, on its capacity to induce interferon and activate phagocytes in particular. Arbidole-treated patients with lower baseline immunity showed improvement in immunological parameters (in the counts of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, in the levels of serum immunoglobulins). Arbidol produces a high preventive and therapeutical effects in influenza A and B and other acute respiratory viral infections, prevents postinfluenza complications, reduces the incidence of exacerbations of chronic diseases in postinfluenza patients. In influenza, the therapeutical efficiency of the drug appears as decreases in intoxication, the severity of catarrhal syndrome, shorter fever and disease in general. Arbidole is beneficial for patients with second immunodeficiency, in those with recurrent herpes infection or chronic bronchitis. After arbidole treatment regimen, postoperative immunological parameters became normal in cardiac surgical patients, which suggests that the drug should be used in cardiac surgical care. The agent showed no side effects in any case.
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PMID:[Mechanisms of arbidole's immunomodulating action]. 1022 30

To identify secondary immunodeficiency, the author examined 510 patients with various types of chronic bronchitis (CB) and revealed that 82.5% of the examinees had secondary immunodeficiency syndrome which was characterized by immunological alterations: decreased T lymphocyte counts which was most common in patients with obstructive CB, differences in lymphocytic proliferation in response to PGA, which indicates reductions in the functional activity of T cells and in effector links of the immunity system, an increase in the blood levels of circulating immune complexes, imbalance in the ratio of Ig classes. The leading clinical manifestation of patients with secondary immunodeficiency was an infectious process: frequent, advanced or chronic infections. On exacerbation, H. influenza played a great role in the infectious process due to the high activity of an inflammatory process caused by Pneumococcus and due to the impairments of the function and pattern of the mucociliary apparatus of the bronchial tree.
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PMID:[Secondary immunodeficiency syndrome in patients with chronic bronchitis]. 1042 Jul 49

Chronic inflammation of the larger airways is a common occurrence in children. A number of factors such as younger age, premature birth, male gender, exposure to environmental smoke or pollution, and crowded housing can increase a child's susceptibility to chronic lung disease. Chronic bronchitis may be caused by an underlying humoral immunodeficiency if the clinical course is recurrent or prolonged. Primary humoral immunodeficiency accounts for approximately 70% of all immunodeficiencies. The differential of chronic bronchitis also includes Cystic Fibrosis, ciliary defects and immune cellular and phagocytic defects. This review will summarize the most common humoral antibody based immune based deficiencies associated with chronic pulmonary disease.
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PMID:Chronic pediatric pulmonary disease and primary humoral antibody based immune disease. 2114 21


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