Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

50 conisation or hysterectomy specimens with different degrees of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), carcinoma in situ (CiS) or invasive carcinoma, as well as controls, were studied by conventional histological methods as well as by immunohistochemistry. In CIN I and II there is a significant reduction of T lymphocytes, macrophages and T accessory cells, whereby CIN III, CiS and invasive carcinoma show a noticeable increase in the number of immunocompetent cells. The depletion of immunocompetent cells in CIN probably represent a local immunodeficiency state which permits progression of HPV-associated CIN, whilst the marked increase of accessory and effector cells in the stroma of high grade CIN and invasive carcinoma does not appear to exert control over the neoplastic cells, due to an ineffective tumour-specific activation.
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PMID:[Local immune reactions in carcinoma in situ and cervix cancer--a histologic and immunohistochemical study]. 185 Nov 16

Last year, we reported that human papilloma virus type 16 genome (HPV 16 genome) was detected in a case (S.Y.) of bladder carcinoma in situ (bladder CIS) (Cancer Res., 1988). Since then, a number of bladder tumors other than CIS were searched for HPV genome. However, no HPV genome was detected in the bladder tumors. From the results, we consider that HPV may not have a relation with all types of bladder tumor but with only a part of it. In the current report, the case (S.Y.) is presented more precisely than before, in particular on the characteristic bladder lesion. The patient was a 40-year-old female with immunodeficiency and anemia who was referred from a hospital with a complaint of asymptomatic pyuria. Cystoscopic examination revealed a bladder tumor, well-demarcated, white and velvety lesion with slight elevation. On November 25, 1987, she underwent total cystectomy, resection of the anterior vaginal wall and of a part of vulval skin, and ileal conduit formation. Postoperative course was stormy because of bleeding from the wounds and thrombophlebitis in the right femoral vein. In spite of the episodes, she eventually recovered and was discharged 2 months later. However she was readmitted 9 months later due to severe anemia which was ascribed to acute myelogenous leukemia. She is now on cancer chemotherapy for leukemia.
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PMID:[Bladder carcinoma in situ which harbored human papilloma virus. A case report]. 255 17

The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical and histological features of intraoral squamous cell carcinoma in men who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus and to evaluate viral cofactors (human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus), proliferative index (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), a factor associated with invasion (cathepsin D), and mutated tumor suppressor gene and proto-oncogene products (mutated p53, c-erbB-2). Four men who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus and had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented with painful oral lesions of variable duration. Oral cancer risk factors included heavy tobacco use (four of four), heavy alcohol use (three of four), and previous radiotherapy (one of four). The lesions consisted of ulcers (two of four), a fungating mass (one of four), and papillary erythroplakia (one of four). Incisional biopsy specimens were obtained. High-stringency in situ hybridization was performed with DNA probes to the human papillomavirus (types 6/11; 16/18; 31/33/35) and Epstein-Barr virus: Immunocytochemical studies for the herpes simplex virus, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cathepsin D, mutated p53, and c-erbB-2 were performed. Two lesions were moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, one lesion was a basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, and one was carcinoma in situ. Stage of disease at diagnosis was II (one of four), III (two of four), and IV (one of four). Three cases were positive for the human papillomavirus, one case was positive for Epstein-Barr virus, and three cases were positive for the herpes simplex virus. C-erbB-2 was focally positive in one case, and mutated p53 was positive in a separate case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Intraoral squamous cell carcinoma in human immunodeficiency virus infection. A clinicopathologic study. 755 63

In the US, women comprise the population group with the most rapidly increasing rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, yet these women--predominantly poor and Black or Hispanic--must face the added trauma of discrimination in the health care system. Even the clinical case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) fails to include recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, and cervical carcinoma in situ, thereby excluding thousands of women from AIDS-related entitlements. Essential for HIV-infected women is empowerment to facilitate sound decision making about choice of partners, barrier contraception, pregnancy, abortion, and breast feeding. The vast majority of women with sex partners in high-risk groups do not use condoms, in part because of fear of loss of the relationship or withdrawal of financial support. HIV-positive women are especially in need of condom use to prevent further transmission and unwanted pregnancy. Pregnancy in HIV-positive women is associated with a 30% chance that the infant will acquire the infection and alarming increases in the ranks of the 20,000 US children already orphaned by AIDS. Nonetheless, the right of HIV-infected women to bear children should be protected, and these women should be given the option of artificial insemination of washed semen and Cesarean section delivery to reduce the risk of transmission to partner and child. Finally, because substance abusing women are not always able to make appropriate decisions about their sexual practices, drug treatment on demand and comprehensive outreach programs for HIV-infected women at shelters, the streets, and shooting galleries must be implemented.
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PMID:Dissemination of HIV: how serious is it for women, medically and psychologically? 771 Jan 97

From January 1988 to December 1993, we identified six men with minimally invasive (stage I) squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and 10 men with anal carcinoma in situ (CIS). Of the six patients with invasive carcinoma, four were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including one with AIDS. Of the 10 patients with CIS, eight were infected with HIV, including four with AIDS. Anal pain and bleeding were the most common symptoms of minimally invasive anal cancer and anal CIS. Anal irritation, burning, or pruritus occurred more frequently in patients with CIS, whereas anal ulcers, masses, or abscesses were more frequent in patients with minimally invasive cancer. Several patients with CIS had a discrete area of leukoplakia in the anal canal or a pigmented plaque of the anus and anal canal. These lesions were not observed in patients with minimally invasive anal cancer. The symptoms and signs of early-stage anal cancer in men at risk for developing HIV infection or men infected with HIV often resemble those of other common anorectal diseases in homosexual men. Anal cancer in HIV-infected men is not limited to those individuals with AIDS.
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PMID:Clinical presentation of minimally invasive and in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in homosexual men. 852 51

The genetic analysis of the variants of human immunodeficiency virus of type 1 (HIV-I) circulating among drug addicts in the Irkutsk region was carried out. The results of serological tests and comparative evaluation of electrophoretic mobility of heteroduplexes (HMA) revealed that all 74 samples under study belonged to subtype A. Genetic differences between these viruses did not exceed 2%. Thus, it was the variant of subtype A prevalent in CIS countries which caused the outbreak of HIV infection among drug addicts in the Irkutsk region, but not viruses of subtypes B, C or A/E typical for this risk group in relatively nearby China.
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PMID:[Molecular and epidemiologic characteristics of HIV-infection outbreak in the Irkutsk region]. 1156 53

Cancer patterns among broad populations of homosexual men and women have not been studied systematically. The authors followed 1,614 women and 3,391 men in Denmark for cancer from their first registration for marriage-like homosexual partnership between 1989 and 1997. Ratios of observed to expected cancers measured relative risk. Women in homosexual partnerships had cancer risks similar to those of Danish women in general (overall relative risk (RR) = 0.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6, 1.4), but only one woman developed cervical carcinoma in situ versus 5.8 women expected (RR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.0, 0.97). Overall, men in homosexual partnerships were at elevated cancer risk (RR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.8, 2.5), due mainly to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (RR = 136, 95% CI: 96, 186) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 15.1, 95% CI: 10.4, 21.4). Anal squamous carcinoma also occurred in excess (RR = 31.2, 95% CI: 8.4, 79.8). After exclusion of Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and anal squamous carcinoma, no unusual cancer risk remained (RR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8, 1.3). With anal squamous carcinoma and HIV/AIDS-associated cancers as notable exceptions in men, cancer incidence rates among homosexual persons in marriage-like partnerships are similar to those prevailing in society at large.
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PMID:Cancer in a population-based cohort of men and women in registered homosexual partnerships. 1277 59

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are among the most common malignancies in young men. We have previously documented that patients with GCT frequently produce serum antibodies directed against proteins encoded by human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) type K sequences. Transcripts originating from the env gene of HERV-K, including the rec-relative of human immunodeficiency virus rev, are highly expressed in GCTs. We report here that mice that inducibly express HERV-K rec show a disturbed germ cell development and may exhibit, by 19 months of age, changes reminiscent of carcinoma in situ, the predecessor lesion of classic seminoma in humans. This provides the first direct evidence that the expression of a human endogenous retroviral gene previously established as a marker in human germ cell tumors may contribute to organ-specific tumorigenesis in a transgenic mouse model.
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PMID:Human endogenous retrovirus rec interferes with germ cell development in mice and may cause carcinoma in situ, the predecessor lesion of germ cell tumors. 1573 68

Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare finding in everyday clinical practice, but is the most common malignancy of the ocular surface. The incidence of this malignancy in the United States is 0.03 per 100,000 persons. It is one extreme of a spectrum of lesions encompassed in ocular surface squamous neoplasia which range from dysplasia to carcinoma in situ to invasive SCC. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation B (UVB), human papilloma virus (HPV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of eroded ocular surface are important risk factors predisposing to the development of this malignancy. Herein we report a case of SCC arising in chronic conjunctival irritation due to prolonged prosthetic use following enucleation for traumatic eye injury.
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PMID:Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma due to ocular prostheses: a case report and review of literature. 2037 10

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus is rare, but more common in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We describe our findings in 50 biopsies done on 37 HIV-positive men over 5 years. The men were referred from our HIV clinic for abnormal cytology on anal pap or anal condyloma. Thirty-seven patients were referred from the HIV clinic for abnormal cytology on anal pap or the presence of anal condyloma. Biopsies were done in the operating room using acetic acid to visually localize areas of dysplasia. If no abnormalities were seen, biopsies were taken from each quadrant of the anus. A retrospective review was done for biopsy indication, pathology, recurrence, and correlation with anal pap results. On initial biopsy, anal condyloma conferred the presence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) in 64.7 per cent (11 of 17), abnormal paps in 83.3 per cent (10 of 12), and both in 50 per cent (3 of 6). Patients with anal condyloma had AIN in an average of 2.5 quadrants whereas those with abnormal cytology had AIN in 2.3 quadrants. Thirty-four of 50 biopsies showed abnormalities (68%), with AIN present in 32 cases, one case of carcinoma in situ, and one case of invasive carcinoma. Aldara was used nine times with improvement in four cases. In HIV-positive men, the presence of condyloma warrants surgical biopsy. Performing anal cytology on patients with anal condyloma did not increase the rate of positive results. Patients with AIN often had disease in more than two quadrants, making surgical excision problematic.
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PMID:Screening human immunodeficiency virus-positive men for anal intraepithelial neoplasia. 2285


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