Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The early organic mental disorder, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) in the drug dependents (DD), if it is not taken into account, can disturb the diagnosis of the neuropsychiatric and the toxic disorders. The authors attempt to outline, with several neuropsychological tests (visuo-perceptual, memory, attention) and with the physical and neurologic exploration, if cognitive abnormalities are present in two groups of DD after detoxification period. The first group is infected by the HIV (n: 48), and the second one is not (n: 33). Differences can be found only in the Bender visuo-perceptual test, which are not justified by the divergences found between the groups about the drug dependence history and the present drug of abuse intake. The importance of the early diagnosis of these abnormalities is argued in order to get a suitable treatment of the possible neuropsychiatric complications in the DD development, and restrain the extent of the cognitive damage by HIV infection.
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PMID:[Neuropsychological changes in drug addicts infected with human immunodeficiency virus]. 148 76

We described an 18 old homosexual man who after 5 days developed a neurologic picture associated with Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) seroconversion. The patient had developed a dissociative psychiatric disorder 6 months before, and after resolution of the acute neurologic disease a mild neuro-psychiatric disorder remained. After mononucleosis-like syndrome of three weeks, the patient developed a meningo-encephalitic process 48 h post admission. He evolved with tonic seizures and twilight state and was admitted into Intensive Care Unit because of epileptic status and deep coma. Evolution was favourable after 72 h of treatment with acyclovir and antiepileptic drugs. Laboratory data showed an inverted T4/T8 ratio and seroconversion to HIV-antibodies and p24-antigen both in serum and CSF. These observations confirm the existence of psychiatric as well neurological alterations in acute HIV infection, and also the significance of p24-antigen and Western-Blot in serum and CSF in showing the seroconversion profile.
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PMID:[Previous dissociative psychiatric disorder and status epilepticus in a case of acute HIV infection]. 150 7

The presence of mental disorder and cognitive functioning were examined in groups of 20 multiple sclerosis (MS) and homosexual acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ambulatory male outpatients matched for disability and demographic features. Patients who were somatically ill, had past central nervous system infection or tumours or abused intravenous drugs or alcohol were excluded. The groups significantly differed in mental symptoms and mental disorders (DSM-III classification) seen currently and after the diagnosis of MS or human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. AIDS patients had pre-existing anxiety disorders that affected their current mental symptoms. MS patients showed more evidence of cognitive impairment than equally disabled AIDS patients. The differing neural and mental features are discussed in relation to the current concepts of subcortical and cortical disorders.
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PMID:AIDS and multiple sclerosis: neural and mental features. 160 52

The purpose of this response paper is to document a form of mental illness, namely, personality disorder: (1) whose impact is far-reaching, impinging on different 'key areas' identified in 'The Health of the Nation' (The Health of the Nation: A Consultative Document. HMSO, London, 1991), including: eating and drinking habits, smoking, prevention of accidents, human immunodeficiency (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and other mental illness itself; (2) which tends to be underdiagnosed by health-care professionals in spite of its aetiological relationship to other 'key areas' (as above); (3) which tends to be associated with negative therapeutic attitude in spite of well-documented, albeit specialist, treatment expertise; (4) which, importantly, transmits psychopathology from one generation to the next and hence has a pivotal role to play in prevention; and (5) which, for the reasons enumerated above, could form a 'target' for various, measurable, interventions.
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PMID:'The Health of the Nation': the impact of personality disorder on 'key areas'. 163 Sep 79

Juveniles who live on the street are often the victims of physical and sexual abuse and family chaos. They have a multitude of health problems such as malnutrition, respiratory infections, sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus, mental illness, and substance abuse. Health care, if available, is generally fragmented and often not relevant to their needs. Their high-risk existence leads to individual morbidity and has a negative effect on the health of the community. Presently, there is limited research on the health status and health care needs of street youth who are difficult to track and quantify. The findings of a project undertaken by Region IX of the Public Health Service in 1989 to provide technical assistance to three primary care clinics serving street youth in San Francisco are reviewed. Data were collected on demographics, overall health status, sex-related medical problems, mental health, and substance abuse and compared with another group of adolescents in the general population. Street youth were found to have a greater number of problems--both physical and psychological--than the general adolescent population. High-risk behaviors, such as drug abuse and failure to use condoms during sex, make this population especially vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus. The potential impact on public health is enormous. Adequate access to health services needs to be addressed legislatively.
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PMID:The neglected health care needs of street youth. 164 40

Ten years ago it might have been predicted that neurosyphilis would disappear, but this has not happened. It has altered in character so that almost all of the cases seen are meningovascular in type. Even with the acceleration of neurosyphilis that occurs with immunodeficiency it is unlikely that there will be a resurgence of tabes dorsalis, general paralysis of the insane (GPI) or gummatous involvement of the central nervous system. These entities are still reported as single cases in the literature and this is unlikely to change. Diagnostic vigilance is required in respect of meningovascular syphilis which presents in so many different guises, and it seems prudent to advocate that all patients admitted to hospital with a neurological or psychiatric disorder should have syphilis serology checked routinely, though it no longer seems necessary to perform the tests routinely on outpatients. Advances in serological testing have made the diagnosis of syphilis easier to establish, and further advances in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis are likely with the perfection of techniques to culture treponemes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the detection of surface antigens in the CSF. Although syphilis remains a treatable disease the impact of AIDS has necessitated modifications to the treatment regime. It is now recommended that patients who are HIV-positive and who have early syphilis should be treated as for neurosyphilis, as the former regime for treating primary syphilis may not be adequate.
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PMID:Neurosyphilis yesterday and today. 158 38

In a sample of 55 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive pregnant patients, a history of drug abuse was significantly associated with increased psychopathology, particularly depression and personality disorders. Psychiatric disorders preceded the HIV diagnosis in most of the patients studied. Intravenous drug abuse was also associated with increased prostitution, incarceration, and previous suicide attempts. Psychiatric findings were influenced much less by the HIV diagnosis and much more by the presence or absence of a history of drug abuse.
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PMID:Drug abuse and psychiatric findings in HIV-seropositive pregnant patients. 199 19

Ninety-five randomly selected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive Air Force personnel were psychiatrically examined during a routine medical evaluation. Of the 95, 95% did not have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and were largely asymptomatic; 61.1% had clinical axis I diagnoses, which included simple phobia, adjustment disorders, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, alcohol use disorder, major depression, and organic mental disorders; 30.5% had personality disorders. Significantly higher frequencies (p less than 0.05) of simple phobia and hypoactive sexual desire disorder were noted with knowledge of HIV seropositivity. Disorders that occurred more commonly than in age-matched Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) participants included: simple phobia, antisocial personality disorder, alcohol abuse, and organic mental disorders. The high prevalence of major psychiatric illness in this sample supports the notion that screening for psychiatric illness, and counseling where indicated, should be integral to HIV screening programs.
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PMID:Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a mandatory screening program for infection with human immunodeficiency virus: a pilot study. 210 56

The authors offer psychotherapists a proposed exception to strict acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related confidentiality laws. The proposal is based on previously established exceptions to the psychotherapist-patient privilege. The recommended breach of confidentiality applies only to cases that meet all of the following criteria: (1) A patient knows that he or she has a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive blood test and has been informed of AIDS-related safety precautions, (2) the HIV-positive patient has a mental disorder, and (3) it is reasonable to believe that the mental disorder has significantly impaired or may significantly impair the patient's ability and behavior to follow AIDS-related safety precautions.
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PMID:A proposed exception to the AIDS confidentiality laws for psychiatric patients. 234 82

Anxiety is a prominent feature of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders are associated with poor drug abuse treatment outcome in both healthy and HIV-infected drug users. While it is important to treat anxiety, the use of traditional antianxiety agents such as benzodiazepines can lead to adverse effects such as sedation and misuse, especially in patients with drug abuse problems. A retrospective chart review was employed to examine the use of buspirone in treating anxiety in intravenous drug users with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex who were receiving methadone maintenance treatment. All patients were opiate users, and most were also secondary users of other substances, including stimulants and alcohol. Of 17 patients who were started on buspirone, 14 remained on medication for more than 2 weeks. Of this latter group, all showed at least temporary improvement in one or more of the following areas: subjective reduction of anxiety, reduction of prescribed benzodiazepine use, or reduction in the number of urine tests positive for drugs of abuse, particularly morphine. Buspirone was well tolerated by all but three of these patients; there was no evidence of buspirone misuse. Given its favorable adverse effects profile, buspirone may be particularly useful in the treatment of anxiety in HIV-infected drug users.
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PMID:Buspirone in drug users with AIDS or AIDS-related complex. 237 26


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