Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pathomorphosis of aspergillosis was studied in 160 male guinea pigs which were given intraperitoneally a small dose (50000 conidia per 1 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution) of Aspergillus fumigatus. Protective cell reactions under condition of a normal immune resistance are described. Immunological and mycological methods allowed one to reveal a variability of morphological changes at early stages of aspergillosis and to follow the development of secondary immunodeficiency on the disease day 14.
 ...
PMID:[Morphofunctional description of protective cell reactions in aspergillosis]. 874 84

Fungal diseases are increasing among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. Infections due to Candida and Cryptococcus are the most common. Although mucocutaneous candidiasis can be treated with oral antifungal agents, increasing evidence suggests that prolonged use of these drugs results in both clinical and microbiologic resistance. The optimal therapy for cryptococcal meningitis remains unresolved, although initial treatment with amphotericin B, followed by life-long maintenance therapy with fluconazole, appears promising. Most cases of histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis occur in regions where their causative organisms are endemic, and increasing data suggest that a significant proportion of disease is due to recent infection. Aspergillosis is increasing dramatically as an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients, in part because of the increased incidence of neutropenia and corticosteroid use in these patients. Infection due to Penicillium marneffei is a rapidly growing problem among HIV-infected patients living in Southeast Asia. Although the advent of oral azole antifungal drugs has made primary prophylaxis against fungal diseases in HIV-infected patients feasible, many questions remain to be answered before the preventive use of antifungal drugs can be advocated.
 ...
PMID:Emerging disease issues and fungal pathogens associated with HIV infection. 890 10

Nosocomial invasive aspergillosis has emerged as a major infectious complication in patients with profound immunodeficiency. Thus, preventive measures must be instautred in hospital wards "at risk for aspergillosis" (mainly haematology, bone marrow transplant and organ transplant units) in order to prevent the outer risk of contamination. These comprise a sequential follow-up of air and surface contamination and molecular analysis of isolated fungal strains for further analysis of the epidemiology of Aspergillus in the hospital environment. We also recommend that biological, clinical and environmental data should be centralized and analyzed monthly by a specialized staff composed of physicians, mycologists, heath care and administrative personnel in order to define the optimum strategy for prevention within the hospital.
 ...
PMID:[Nosocomial invasive aspergillosis. Diagnosis, prevention and means of control integrated in a hospital setting]. 892 34

The characteristics of chest x-ray films in 19 patients with saprophytic pulmonary aspergillosis secondary to acid-fast bacilli infection were reported. The saprophytic form, exemplified by the classic fungus ball or mycetoma, results from the growth of fungal mycelia within a pre-existing area of destroyed lung, typically a pre-existing cavity such as that resulting from tuberculosis. Aspergillus fumigatus was detected in 52.6% of sputum cultures from 19 patients. Aspergillus precipitin test was positive in 68.4% of patients. Thickening of cavitary walls was first found in 85% of chest x-ray films. Eighty percent of patients had pulmonary aspergillosis within 3 years after cavitary lesions were stable. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is characterized by hyphal invasion and destruction of pulmonary tissue. The risk of acquiring IPA correlates with the duration and degree of immunosuppression or neutropenia. IPA recently has been encountered in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The number of case reports on chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis is increasing, but it is supposed the clinical entity of this disease still has not been established.
 ...
PMID:[Saprophytic and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis]. 907 Oct 93

The objective of this study was to identify the prognostic factors influencing the outcome of aspergillosis in two models of immunodeficiency, namely haematological malignancies and HIV infection. The study is based on a 5 year prospective logistic regression analysis of risk factors, clinical features, radiological findings and therapy affecting the prognosis of aspergillosis in 43 patients, i.e. 27 haematological neoplastic patients (group A) and 16 HIV infected patients (group B). Univariate analysis indicated that neutropenia (P = 0.02), haemoptysis (P = 0.03) and concomitant AIDS (P = 0.02), negatively influenced the prognosis of aspergillosis. Comparing the two groups of patients, significant differences emerged in the prognostic indicators. In particular respiratory failure (P = 0.02) and radiological bilateral involvement of the lungs were associated with a poor prognosis in group A (P = 0.04) and low (2100/mm3) T CD4+ cell count in group B (P = 0.02). At variance, a better prognosis was documented in patients treated with sequential therapy (amphotericin B and itraconazole) only within the group of haematological patients (P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis sequential therapy (P = 0.01) and AIDS (P = 0.03) were independent prognostic indicators of aspergillosis. In conclusion, our prospective study indicates that aspergillosis, although an uncommon event in patients with HIV infection, has a more severe prognosis in comparison to haematological patients. Future prospective clinical trials are necessary to confirm the real importance of the sequential therapy, with amphotericin B and itraconazole, in patients with aspergillosis.
 ...
PMID:Comparative analysis of prognostic indicators of aspergillosis in haematological malignancies and HIV infection. 912 Mar 25

Aspergillosis prostatitis is rare but more frequent to immunodeficiency people. We report a case of aspergillosis prostatitis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, after a corticosteroid treatment for retroperitoneal fibrosis to Methysergide.
 ...
PMID:[Aspergillus prostatitis and prolonged corticotherapy. Apropos of a case report]. 924 2

Pulmonary aspergillosis has recently been described as an emerging infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), but the pathological changes have not been well documented. In this autopsy study, 17 cases of AIDS-related pulmonary aspergillosis were identified from the files of two institutions. With the exception of hypersensitivity reactions, the entire spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis was represented. Thirteen patients exhibited acute invasive aspergillosis, and seven patients had evidence of subacute or chronic invasive infection, four of whom also had areas of acute invasion. One patient had necrotizing bronchial aspergillosis as well as acute invasive infection, and one individual had saprophytic colonization of a cavity caused by previous Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) without evidence of invasive aspergillosis. The same conditions known to predispose immunocompromised individuals without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis were also identified in these patients with AIDS and included neutropenia, steroid therapy, and underlying lung disease. Additional pulmonary conditions were identified in all but one case and consisted mainly of infection or some form of chronic lung disease. In particular, half of the cases were associated with pulmonary fibrosis related to prior PCP. All cases occurred in or after 1990, confirming the perception of the recent emergence of aspergillosis in AIDS. As suggested by this study, one reason for this may be that patients with AIDS are now living long enough to develop one or more of the predisposing conditions for pulmonary aspergillosis.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary aspergillosis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: autopsy study of an emerging pulmonary complication of human immunodeficiency virus infection. 938 32

The applicability of luminescent immunoassay (LIA) in serodiagnosis of fungal infections in multitransfused (MT) thalassemic children seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was investigated. Thirty-one sera samples from HIV infected pediatric patients with thalassemia receiving repeated blood transfusions were analysed for the presence of antibodies specific to Aspergillus fumigatus by LIA. The LIA was standardized using well defined antigens of A. fumigatus. Ten out of 31 (32.2%) of the MT-HIV positive patients were found to have anti-Aspergillus antibodies in their sera by LIA. The ELISA could detect A. fumigatus specific antibodies in 25.8% (8 out of 31) of the patients. Thus, 20% more number of patients turned to be positive for aspergillosis by LIA as compared to ELISA. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.005). Of the MT-HIV negative patients only 1 out of 33 (3%) showed A. fumigatus specific antibodies by LIA and ELISA both. In age and sex matched control group (n = 25) none of the patients was found to be positive for antibodies to A. fumigatus. LIA was found to have better discriminatory value indicating, thereby, its utility in diagnosis of aspergillosis in compromised patients.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of HIV seropositive thalassemic children for antibodies specific to Aspergillus fumigatus by luminescent immunoassay. 940 54

In the immunocompromised host, uncommon pathogens have been documented as causing sinusitis. Resistance to standard antibiotics for sinusitis in the immunocompromised individual must prompt nasal culture and biopsy for early diagnosis. Immunocompromised host include neutropenic patients, Human Immuno-Deficiency (HIV) infected patients and non-HIV-suppressed patients. Unusual bacterial organisms (Pseudomonas Aeruginosa), mycobacteria, fungi (Aspergillosis) and viral infection (Cytomegalovirus) have all been found to cause sinusitis in immunocompromised patients. Early detection of these infections with appropriate anti-infective agents associated with radical or functional endoscopic surgery seems to be the optimal treatment. Recovery of immunity remains the major prognostic factor.
 ...
PMID:Sinusitis in the immunocompromised host. 944 77

Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased frequency of invasive aspergillosis. We report two cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients infected with HIV. Patients had less than 10 CD4 (helper cell) cells/mm3 (2/2), presented with fever (2/2), dyspnea (1/2), and abnormal chest radiograph (2/2). Diagnosis was established by transbronchial biopsy (1/2) and autopsy (1/2). Patients died in spite of treatment with intravenous deoxycholate amphotericin B. Prognosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis among patients infected with HIV remains dismal, even with aggressive antifungal treatment.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary invasive aspergillosis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: report of two cases. 949 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>