Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report the case of a child who, at the age of 18 months showed signs of hypoparathyroidism together with gastrointestinal, then buccal, then ungual candidiasis. Acute adrenal failure occurred when he was 5 1/2 years' old. At the age of 10, the patient developed alopecia areata and interstitial keratitis. Immunological investigations yielded normal results, except that serum was weakly positive for anti-adrenal antibodies at 1/10th. The mucosal and ungual candidiasis infection was cured by ketoconazole, and the various endocrine abnormalities were corrected with the appropriate replacement therapies. This case prompted the authors to review the candidiasis/"polyglandular autoimmune disease" association. Whitaker's triad consists of candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and chronic renal failure, 2 or these 3 elements being sufficient to make the diagnosis. Numerous other associations have been described; they are presented here in table form in descending order of frequency, with candidiasis/hypoparathyroidism coming on top of the list (70 p. 100). The fairly constant chronological order in which these different pathologies appear is one of the peculiarities of the syndrome: candidiasis often precedes hypoparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. Alopecia areata does not seem to be frequent, but its true incidence is difficult to quantify since lesions of the scalp and/or skin appendages are poorly documented in the literature. Alopecia and keratopathy seem to be of autoimmune origin. Mucocutaneous candidiasis too is specific, the mucosae and nails being constantly involved. This type of candidiasis does not exist in other forms of hypoparathyroidism. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is found in many different diseases and is due to immunodeficiency against Candida spp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis]. 266 Jul 6

In patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) the development of autoimmune diseases, while not life threatening, is an interesting phenomenon that may result from immune dysfunction or from B cell infection by HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, or other unknown viruses. Vitiligo and alopecia areata are among the autoimmune diseases that have been reported in 11 patients infected with HIV. We describe a 47-year-old man who had vitiligo and alopecia areata approximately 2 years after testing positive for HIV antibodies.
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PMID:Vitiligo and alopecia areata in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 771 9

Alopecia has been described in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Zidovudine reportedly influences hair growth in these patients, causing regrowth or thickening. A 33-year-old HIV-infected man developed alopecia areata after beginning zidovudine therapy. The alopecia reversed after the drug was discontinued.
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PMID:Alopecia associated with zidovudine therapy. 870 Jul 96

We describe a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive man with acquired eyelash trichomegaly and alopecia areata. This combination of clinical manifestations is intriguing since the new onset of elongated eyelashes in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has usually been associated with severe immunosuppression and alopecia areata has a presumed autoimmune etiology that requires T cell activation. The occurrence of these dichotomous conditions illustrates the potential selective pathogenesis of progressive HIV infection.
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PMID:Acquired eyelash trichomegaly and alopecia areata in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. 886 21

Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) is clinically efficacious in the therapy of alopecia areata, but its use was limited when it was found to be mutagenic in the Ames test. However, there has been renewed interest in the immunomodulatory benefits of topically applied dinitrochlorobenzene in patients with human immunodeficiency virus and systemic lupus erythematosus. The current study examines the genotoxicity of dinitrochlorobenzene in human skin fibroblasts using sister chromatid exchange. Dinitrochlorobenzene caused a significant increase in sister chromatid exchange at concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 10 microM. Thus, dinitrochlorobenzene is genotoxic in human skin fibroblasts at concentrations well below those used clinically. The potential for long-term toxicity from dinitrochlorobenzene will have to be weighed against the severity and prognosis of the diseases for which it is used.
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PMID:Dinitrochlorobenzene is genotoxic by sister chromatid exchange in human skin fibroblasts. 895 Mar 55

A 12-year-old boy with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) who developed severe alopecia is presented. His sister also had alopecia and recurrent infections and died of lung infection at the age of 7 years. The loss of hair in both children was total; the pathology of a scalp skin biopsy specimen was typical for alopecia areata. The boy was subjected to clinical and immunologic evaluation and the results were compatible with common variable immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Alopecia universalis in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency. 1046 18

Idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia is a very rare condition characterized by persistent depletion of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes, without evidence of HIV or HTLV infection, or other identifiable causes of immunodeficiency. The syndrome can present with dermatological diseases, including viral, fungal and bacterial infections, as well as Kaposi's sarcoma, epithelial cell malignancies, lymphoma and inflammatory dermatoses. We report the case of a 47-year-old woman with idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia who presented with a 10-year history of disseminated and refractory flat warts from which human papillomavirus type 3 DNA was identified. The patient also had alopecia areata.
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PMID:Idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia associated with disseminated flat warts and alopecia areata. 1243 98

In a patient with a sexually transmitted disease (STD), alopecia may be an important associated finding and can provide clues to diagnosis. This review focuses on the relationship between hair loss and STDs. Specifically, we review alopecia in association with syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the medications used to treat these infections. In addition, we review the literature regarding the putative association between alopecia areata and cytomegalovirus (CMV).
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PMID:Alopecia in association with sexually transmitted disease: a review. 1643 25

Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which affects 10 to 20% of children and 1 to 3% of adults. AE is usually diagnosed based on standard criteria such as those of Hanifin and Rajka, whereby the age-related variation must be considered. There are numerous other diseases which go along with AE or show a very similar clinical picture and represent important differential diagnostic considerations including parasitic diseases, immunodeficiency, nutritional diseases, certain neoplastic disorders and various corneal abnormalities. Additionally, it is important to consider diseases which can occur in association with AE, such as keratosis pilaris, alopecia areata or sweat disturbances.
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PMID:[Associated diseases and differential diagnostic considerations in childhood atopic eczema]. 1726 88

Alopecia is one of the clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis. It is uncommon for hair loss to be the sole or predominant manifestation, as hair loss is the chief clinical and histologic differential diagnosis of alopecia areata. The main difference between these two entities is the detection of Treponema pallidum in syphilis. We present the case of a 24-year-old Hispanic man, human immunodeficiency virus seropositive in treatment, with tiny patches of non-cicatricial alopecia in the parieto-occipital regions of his scalp. The patient denied previous history of genital or other skin lesions. A biopsy from an alopecic patch was performed which showed an inflammatory non-scarring alopecia with a discrete lymphocytic type inflammatory infiltrate localized in the peribulbar region. There was lymphocyte exocytosis into the matrix, associated with vacuolar degeneration, and scattered apoptotic cells were observed. Plasma cells were scattered. Immunohistochemical studies showed the presence of T. pallidum limited to the peribulbar region and penetrating into the follicle matrix. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that spirochetes have been shown in the hair follicle in alopecia syphilitica, suggesting that the spirochetes may be pathogenetic and responsible for the alopecia.
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PMID:Alopecia syphilitica with detection of Treponema pallidum in the hair follicle. 1799 37


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