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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Small doses of long-term injection of herbicide linuron causes the appearance of secondary immunodeficiency. It is manifested in histological and ultrastructural determination of thymus, severe suppression of immunological indices. Epithelial nurse-cells damage takes place in thymus, the contacts between epithelial cells are destroyed, the reforming of microvessels (their endothelium) occurs which causes the deterioration of vessels penetration and the growth of connective tissue. Against this background a more rapid development of experimental staphylococcus abscesses is observed in animals, the reparation phase being absent.
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PMID:[An immunological and morphological study of focal staphylococcal infection against a background of long-term exposure to the herbicide linuron]. 208 8

It has been widely reported that polyunsaturated fatty acids-rich diets (PUFA n-6) cause immunodeficiency. In this study, fresh weight, DNA and lipid content and rate of lipogenesis from 3H2O of thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and liver were assessed in rats fed polyunsaturated (UC) or saturated (SC) fatty acids-rich chows. The results obtained indicate that both types of fatty acids caused similar increment of lipid content in the immune tissues. The rate of lipogenesis was decreased only in the thymus of (UC) rats and liver of both experimental groups as compared to control rats. The results of fresh weight and DNA content was decreased only by (UC) diet.
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PMID:Polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids-rich diets and immune tissues. 1. Fresh weight, DNA content, percentage of lipids and rate of lipogenesis from 3H2O in thymus, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. 209 Jan 2

The lung has an array of immunological defenses to protect itself against potentially invasive microorganisms, which include the immunoglobulin-rich alveolar lining fluid, alveolar macrophages, T lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Immunosenescence is a major predisposing factor to the increased incidence, morbidity, and mortality of pneumonia in the elderly. The progressive involution of the thymus gland in humans plays a pivotal role in the development of the immunodeficiency state characteristic of the older individual. Age takes its greatest toll on the cell-mediated arm of the immune system. Aged T cells are impaired in their ability to activate and proliferate in response to an antigen. This is partly due to age-associated structural and functional changes within the T cell. In addition, the ability of the T cell to secrete interleukin-2 (a cytokine necessary for the recruitment of other T cells) declines with age. The impaired antibody response of the elderly to foreign antigens, including the pneumococcal polysaccharide and the influenza vaccine, appears to be secondary to a deficiency of T helper cells. The macrophage functions well even in old age, but the recruitment of macrophages by senescent T cells is diminished. There also may be a blunted inflammatory response in the older individual secondary to impaired polymorphonuclear neutrophils chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
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PMID:Altered immune status in the elderly. 209 70

The mutation known as nude brings about the lack of a thymus gland in mice. This immunodeficiency akes it possible to graft normally unaccepted, human cancerous tumors onto the mouse. Consequently, this animal is frequently used as a model for evaluating anti-cancer therapies. The effect of this mutation on biological rhythms constitutes a necessary step before using this model for cancer chronotherapy research. We evaluated the circadian and ultradian components of the rest-activity cycle in the following strains of mice: C57BL/6 with homozygous nu/nu, heterozygous nu/+, thymectomised +/+, and sham-operated +/+. The amount of activity was reduced in nu/nu as compared to the other groups. Nonetheless, neither the nude mutation nor thymectomy yielded any notable change in the circadian rhythm of activity.
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PMID:The influence of the athymic mutation nude on the components of the circadian rhythm of activity in mice. 209 69

The high incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity among drug abusers prompted us to examine in an animal model the effects of morphine on aspects of the immune system that may be specifically related to HIV infection. We now report a robust, sustained elevation in the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells in the spleen and thymus of mice chronically treated with morphine. Since CD4+ cells have been reported to be target cells for HIV, these alterations, in concert with a marked cellular atrophy that appears to be restricted to organs of the immune system, suggest that opiates may serve as cofactors in altering the immune status of the host and thus contribute to the increased susceptibility to HIV infection and eventual development of AIDS in opiate abusers.
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PMID:Morphine-induced immune alterations in vivo. 210 31

To correlate the intrinsic cellular immunodeficiency, which is a major cause of increased susceptibility to polytopic infections in Down syndrome (DS) patients, with the histologic abnormalities observed in the thymus of these patients, we have studied thymus fragments and thymocyte cell suspensions from 15 non-institutionalized DS subjects. Comparing to the control age-matched samples, a reduced thymic cortex and a distinct depletion of CD1-positive (+) cells was observed by immuno-histologic examination. The phenotypic analysis of unselected thymocytes showed a significant reduction of CD3+, CD1+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells. When the total thymocyte population was separated into 10 fractions, using a continuous Percoll density gradient, a difference in cell distribution was observed. DS thymuses are almost devoid of high-density thymocytes (fractions 6-9) while more than 75% of the cells were recovered in the lightest 3 fractions (Frs). In addition, these thymuses were characterized by a marked depletion of CD1+ cells and by a conspicuous reduction of CD3+ cells normally present in the high-density Frs. On the other hand, the lightest 3 Frs of DS subjects were enriched in low-density CD1+ cells. Although enriched in these cells, normally characterized by a high mitotic activity, Fr1 DS thymocytes showed a reduced spontaneous proliferative capacity. When the expression of T cell receptor alpha- and beta-subunits was studied, the percentages of cells stained with anti-alpha and anti-beta antisera were found to be reduced in DS unfractionated thymocytes. The reduced number of high-density CD1+ thymocytes associated with a reduced spontaneous proliferative activity of low-density CD1+ thymocytes suggests that in DS thymuses there is a deficient expansion of immature T cells, resulting in a reduction of the various thymocyte subpopulations, including the thymocyte pool which differentiates into functionally mature T cells expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor.
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PMID:Intrathymic deficient expansion of T cell precursors in Down syndrome. 214 51

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by cerebellar ataxia, extrapyramidal signs, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, recurrent respiratory infections and development of malignancies. AT is a complex autosomal recessive disorder involving several systems other than lymphoid cells or the central nervous system. Such a diversity of abnormalities includes hypersensitivity of fibroblasts and lymphocytes to ionizing radiation (anomaly of DNA repair), non-random chromosomal rearrangements in lymphocytes, elevated serum level of alpha-fetoprotein, premature aging and endocrine disorders. A DNA processing or repair protein is the suspected common denominator in this pathology. Whatever the putative common underlying mechanism, AT patients have profound alterations of the humoral and cellular immune system whose mechanisms should be discussed in terms similar to those for other immunodeficiency diseases. The usual immunological abnormalities in this disease include decreased levels of CD 3 and CD 4 positive T lymphocytes, impaired delayed hypersensitivity, hypoplasia of thymus, decreased blast transformation in vitro in response to mitogen or antigenic stimulation, and decreased levels of serum IgA, IgE, and IgG 2 subclass. In this paper, the results of our recent studies on the defects of B cells in patients with AT were presented. (1) We found that the geometric means of IgA production in the supernatants of the lymphoblastoid cell lines established by EB virus, from all patients with AT, were significantly lower than those from healthy controls (P less than 0.01). (2) IgG subclasses of the patients' sera were also measured by ELISA, and IgG 4 was defective in four cases among six patients with AT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Ataxia telangiectasia and characterization of its immunological disorders]. 215 3

The results of examination of 87 children who died from a generalized cytomegalovirus infection in Elista (66 cases) in 1984-1985, 1988-89, and in Leningrad (21 cases) in 1988-89 are available. In the Elista material a considerable increase (from 21 to 66%) of severe forms of accidental transformation of thymus is observed in the second period comparing to the first one. The causes of a serious worsening of the immunological background remain unclear. Cytomegaly represented 3.85% of all dead children in the pathology department of the First Children Hospital of Leningrad. There was sialadenitis in 4 cases and generalized infection with involvement of the lungs, liver, kidneys, brain, myocardium, pancreas, adrenals in 17 cases. Cytomegaly was diagnosed in 3 of 5 cases of primary immunodeficiency. Diagnosis in some cases was confirmed by the DNA cytomegalovirus detection by means of PCR reaction.
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PMID:[The interrelationship of cytomegalovirus infection and immunodeficiencies]. 217 43

The lesions observed in biopsy and autopsy material from children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be divided into three pathogenetic categories: primary lesions related to infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (e.g., lymphoreticular system and brain); lesions due to the sequelae of HIV infection (e.g., opportunistic infections, pulmonary lymphoid lesions, etc.); and lesions of undetermined pathogenesis (e.g., renal lesions, cardiomyopathy, etc.). The role of morphologic studies in AIDS in understanding the pathogenesis of the various lesions and their clinical implications are discussed by describing the following examples among others. Study of the thymus enabled us to distinguish AIDS from some congenital immune deficiency syndromes. Thymic injury contributes to immunodeficiency in AIDS. Its apparent irreversibility will have to be considered in the long-term management of children with AIDS when specific effective therapy for HIV becomes available. Demonstration of HIV--like particles in the characteristic giant cells in the brain has been instrumental in the recognition of HIV encephalopathy. Biopsy is helpful in the rapid diagnosis of opportunistic infections (OIs). Autopsy study of OIs has shown involvement of clinically unsuspected organs, such as the adrenals. Characterization of the pulmonary lymphoid lesions led to their inclusion as a diagnostic criterion for AIDS in children. Progression of pulmonary lymphoid lesions to a lymphoproliferative disorder was demonstrated at autopsy. Recognition of lesions such as cardiomyopathy and arteriopathy at autopsy should alert clinicians to suspect these disorders during life.
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PMID:Morphologic findings in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome: pathogenesis and clinical implications. 217 17

The definition of the congenital immunodeficiency syndrome (CIDS) is given. Structural alterations of the thymus in combination with zonal disturbances and cell composition of the peripheral lymph organs are main morphological manifestations of CIDS. The most reasonable classification of CIDS is that based on etiology and thus making necessary to reconsider the existing terminology with an exclusion of such terms as "primary" and "secondary" immunodeficiency. The crucial point in the CIDS pathogenesis is a time of structural disturbances resulting from the action of an altering factor on the immune system in ontogenesis. A list of diseases of the histiomonocytic system is given which can be used as a basis for developing the classification of CIDS of the above system as the most ancient element in the immune response in the phylo- and ontogenesis.
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PMID:[Congenital immunodeficiency syndromes]. 222 18


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