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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two dopaminergic agonists, apomorphine (APO) and N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) were compared in mice for their ability to induce stereotypic cage-climbing and hypothermia. Stereotypic cage-climbing responses were recorded on videotape and subsequently rated "blind" in comparison to the animal's predrug behavior and to the behavior of animals administered control solutions. Hypothermia was measured as changes from predug body temperature. Both APO and NPA produced statistically significant cage-climbing and hypothermia vs. controls. Dose-response analyses (0.5-10 mg/kg, i.p.) indicated that on a milligram basis the two drugs induced similar magnitudes of stereotypic activity. In contrast, dose-response analyses (0.008-40 mg/kg, i.p.) of APO and NPA induced hypothermia suggested an approximate 90-fold greater effect for NPA. These results suggest that there may be two different types of dopaminergic systems responsible for the hypothermic and stereotypic responses measured.
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PMID:Stereotypic and hypothermic effects of apomorphine and N-n-propylnorapomorphine in mice. 57 Sep 24

C57BL/6J mice were given 5 weeks of voluntary wheel running and then studied for ethanol (EtOH) sensitivity as indicated by EtOH-induced hypothermia and loss of righting response (LORR) after 3.8 g/kg EtOH (20% w/v). Mice were assigned to wheel (free access to a running wheel in the home cage) or no wheel conditions, and wheel counts were monitored by a computer at 5-min intervals around the clock. In Experiment 1, duration of EtOH-induced LORR was assessed as amount of time required for the animal to right itself three times in a 30-s period, and body temperature was assessed by rectal probe. Wheel animals showed significantly shorter LORR and significantly less hypothermia at regaining the righting response than no wheel controls. In Experiment 2, temperature was assessed at 45 and 90 min after EtOH challenge. Baseline temperatures for wheel and no wheel animals did not differ, but wheel animals showed dramatic resistance to EtOH-induced hypothermia at both time points. Together with our earlier work, these results provide evidence that prior exercise can offset the effects of EtOH intoxication in several domains of EtOH sensitivity.
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PMID:Effects of exercise on ethanol-induced hypothermia and loss of righting response in C57BL/6J mice. 140 13

The effects of repeated treatment of rats with 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), 1.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously, twice daily for 7 days, on the stimulation of post- and presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors were examined. The postsynaptic responses, hypothermia and inhibition of the cage-leaving response, evoked by 0.05 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT, were measured 48 hr after the final injection. Another postsynaptic response, the 5-HT syndrome (flat body posture and forepaw treading) was observed after the third injection of 8-OH-DPAT (1.0 mg/kg s.c.). One presynaptic response examined was the 8-OH-DPAT-induced decrease in the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), that indicates a decrease in turnover of 5-HT, due to stimulation of 5-HT receptors on the cell bodies and measured as the ratio of 5-HIAA to 5-HT in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. Another presynaptic response was the 8-OH-DPAT-induced decrease in the accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, after inhibition of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase by 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD 1015), that is due to stimulation of autoreceptors on the 5-HT cell bodies. The kinetic properties of 5-HT1A receptors in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, hippocampus alone, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata were determined with [3H]8-OH-DPAT. It was found that the postsynaptic effects were markedly attenuated after the treatment, the hypothermic effect already after a single dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Different effects on the responses of functional pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors by repeated treatment of rats with the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT. 169 32

Argon, nitrogen, nitrous oxide were administered hyperbarically in doses (atmosphere) that caused loss of righting reflex (LORR). Nitrous oxide requires pressure somewhat less than two atmospheres, eighteen atmospheres were required for argon and thirty-six atmospheres roughly for nitrogen all in 0.5 atmospheres oxygen. Loss of righting reflex was assessed by using a rolling cage method of Wilson and Miller. Since nitrogen is the least liposoluble and nitrous oxide the most liposoluble of these three gases, greater pressures were needed for nitrogen to attain sufficient concentration in the membrane for anesthesia. Due to the low lipid solubility (1.4), nitrous oxide was administered hyperbarically at a compression rate of less than 0.5 atm/min at chamber temperature of 86 degrees plus or minus 2 degrees. Body temperatures were measured by minimitter transmitters. Two types of transmitters: an AM frequency and an FM frequency were used; a comparison of the two systems were made. The ED50 (atmospheres) required to produce a given score on the LORR were determined for each strain or line of mice. This ED50 value was determined for the Hot and Cold selection lines which have been specifically bred to differ as much as possible in a hypothermic response to acute doses of ethanol. These experiments demonstrate quite clearly a degree of commonality exists among CNS depressants with regard to anesthesia, loss of righting reflex and hypothermia.
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PMID:Commonalities between gas anesthetics (nitrous oxide, nitrogen and/or argon) and ethanol intoxication in hot and cold selection line mice. 206 46

Apomorphine and N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) were compared for their ability to induce stereotyped cage climbing and hypothermia in mice. Climbing behavior was produced by similar doses of apomorphine and NPA (0.625-2.5 mg/kg s.c.), whereas NPA was 43 times more potent than apomorphine in inducing a hypothermic response. SKF38393 caused a shift to the left in the dose-response curve for NPA-induced climbing, the ED50 changing from 0.98 to 0.014 mg/kg. SKF38393 had no effect on apomorphine-induced climbing behaviour. The climbing response produced by apomorphine was antagonised by both D-1 and D-2 antagonists. Climbing behaviour induced by NPA (2.5 mg/kg) could be antagonised by SCH23390 but not by clebopride, however climbing behaviour induced by a low dose of NPA (0.06 mg/kg) plus SKF38393 could be blocked by both D-1 and D-2 receptor antagonists. The hypothermic responses produced by either apomorphine or NPA could only be reversed by the selective D-2 antagonist, clebopride. These results demonstrate that dopamine agonist-induced stereotyped cage climbing requires both D-1 and D-2 receptor stimulation, whereas the hypothermic response is D-2-mediated. The results also show that it is possible to assess the relative activity of a dopamine agonist at D-1 or D-2 receptors in vivo by comparing the ability of the compound to induce hypothermia and climbing behaviour.
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PMID:The role of multiple dopamine receptors in apomorphine and N-n-propylnorapomorphine-induced climbing and hypothermia. 218 43

The effects of mafoprazine, a new phenylpiperazine derivative, on the central dopaminergic system were studied. Mafoprazine, like chlorpromazine and haloperidol, reduced the apomorphine-induced cage-climbing behavior in mice, emesis in dogs and stereotyped behavior in monkeys; methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and group toxicity in mice; and agitation in rats. Mafoprazine inhibited the unilateral circling behavior induced by methamphetamine and apomorphine in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions in the unilateral nigrostriatal neuronal tract. The potency of mafoprazine in these experiments was almost equal to that of chlorpromazine and about one-tenth that of haloperidol. The cataleptogenic activity of mafoprazine was lower than those of chlorpromazine and haloperidol. Mafoprazine potentiated clonidine-induced hypothermia. These results suggest that mafoprazine has a relatively selective postsynaptic dopamine D2-receptor blocking action in the nucleus accumbens compared with chlorpromazine and haloperidol and suggest that mafoprazine also has alpha 2-adrenoceptor-stimulating actions.
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PMID:Effects of mafoprazine, a phenylpiperazine derivative, on the central dopaminergic system. 256 44

C57BL/6J mice were rendered physically dependent on morphine by giving them ad lib access to a drinking fluid containing 0.2% saccharin and morphine for 14 days at 20-22 degrees C. Core body temperatures were monitored by radio telemetry, which obviated the need for restraint, handling, or otherwise disturbing the animals. Consistent hyperthermia was present throughout the morphine intoxication phase, followed by hypothermia after the withdrawal syndrome had been precipitated by naloxone challenge (2.0 mg/kg, IP) at 22.5 degrees C. The hypothermia could be blocked by exposing the animals to a 34.5 degrees C ambient temperature, which also prevented the occurrence of tremor and "wet dog shakes." In contrast, the other withdrawal signs monitored were not significantly affected. In a second experiment, mice were given the same morphine-saccharin drinking fluid as before, except that a choice was provided between two interconnected home cages (23 degrees C vs. 35 degrees C) throughout the experiment. A marked preference for the 35 degrees C cage was seen during intoxication, which served to enhance the hyperthermia due to morphine. Following withdrawal, when hypothermia is evident, the preference for the 35 degrees C cage declined to control levels. These results suggest that hypothermia is both a consequence and a contributor to the opioid withdrawal syndrome.
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PMID:Components of the opioid withdrawal syndrome in mice are thermoregulatory responses. 262 79

Behavioural effects of ipsapirone at 30 min after intraperitoneal injections of 0.3 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg to adult male mice, were examined by ethopharmacological procedures in 7 min encounters with untreated isolated males in a neutral cage. Control males received intraperitoneal injections of physiological saline. The frequency and duration of aggressive behaviour were less in drug-treated than in saline-injected males. The occurrence of distance ambivalence and defensive ambivalence also were found to be significantly decreased by ipsapirone when the results from all drug-treated animals were compared with those of controls. The drug, at 3 mg/kg, induced hypothermia and also enhanced the minor behavioural acts of "head jerk" and "scratch". Partners to the drug-treated mice showed a decrease in the occurrence of offensive ambivalence and of the element "rattle". The present findings show that ipsapirone reduced conflict-related behaviour in mice, in association with its anti-aggressive properties.
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PMID:Effects of ipsapirone on the behaviour of mice during social encounters. 290 16

The role of Pavlovian conditioning in the development of tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol and of cross-tolerance to hydralazine was investigated. In the first study, two groups of rats were treated on alternate days with ethanol (2 or 4 g/kg, respectively, IP) in a novel and distinctive environment (DR). On the non-alcohol days, they received saline in the home room (HR). A control group received saline in both environments. Tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol in the DR was demonstrable in both the 2 and 4 g/kg treatment groups. Tolerance in the HR, however, was observed only in the 4 g/kg treated group. Cross-tolerance to the hypothermic effect of hydralazine was observed for both ethanol-treated groups in the DR but not in the HR. In the second study, ethanol treatment was carried out by daily intubation with 6 g/kg ethanol in the home cage. Tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia was demonstrated either in the home cage or in a novel environment. This treatment, however, failed to confer cross-tolerance to the hypothermic effect of hydralazine. These findings suggest that conditioning plays a predominant role in the tolerance produced by low but not by high treatment dosage. The data also suggest that conditioning might be a separate component in tolerance development, which is of special importance in tolerance to behavioral effects in the whole animal rather than to cellular or molecular effects.
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PMID:Role of Pavlovian conditioning in the development of tolerance and cross-tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol and hydralazine. 311 Aug 43

Three experiments examined the effects of three stressors on the hypothermic response to IP injection of ethanol in rats. Although all three stressors elicited hyperthermia in the absence of ethanol, only electric footshock reduced ethanol hypothermia. Handling/rectal-probing and bright, flashing light enhanced ethanol hypothermia. Type of cage floor (solid vs. grid) affected overall magnitude of ethanol hypothermia, but did not affect handling-induced enhancement of ethanol hypothermia. It is suggested that events which trigger release of endogenous opioids may enhance ethanol hypothermia. This kind of ethanol-stress interaction has important implications for studies of the acute and chronic effects of ethanol, including studies of learned tolerance. It may also have implications for understanding the impact of stress on voluntary consumption of ethanol.
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PMID:Stress and ethanol-induced hypothermia. 365 55


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