Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fresh rat brain slices were incubated with [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer solution at 36 degrees C, and serial two-dimensional time-resolved images of [18F]FDG uptake in the slices were obtained on imaging plates. The fractional rate constant of [18F]FDG (proportional to the cerebral glucose metabolic rate) from pre-loading of ischemia (O(2) and glucose deprivation)/hypoxia (O(2) deprivation) to the reperfused/reoxygenated post-loading phase was quantitatively evaluated by applying the Gjedde-Patlak graphical method to the image data. Against ischemia an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist and hypothermia, but not a free radical scavenger, showed a protective effect when administered during ischemia, whereas no such effect was achieved with any of the above agents when administered after reperfusion. Against hypoxia, there was no protective effect with any of the above agents when administered during hypoxia, although an effect was noted with each when administered after reoxygenation. Excitatory amino acids during ischemia loading were found to be the main factor in the neuronal damage associated with ischemia, while in hypoxia, excitatory amino acids working in tandem with free radicals immediately after reoxygenation were implicated.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity after hypoxia/during ischemia due to glutamate with/without free radicals as revealed by dynamic changes in glucose metabolism. 1082 28

Shapiro syndrome is a rare entity, comprising a triad of recurrent hypothermia, hyperhidrosis and congenital agenesis of the corpus callosum. Fewer than 50 cases have been described, almost invariably in patients presenting in childhood or early adulthood. We present a case of an 80 year old woman presenting with recurrent bouts of shivering, sweating and profound malaise, who sought medical attention because the frequency and severity of attacks worsened in her later years. MRI Brain demonstrated agenesis of the corpus callosum; a rigorous work-up excluded other causes for her symptomatology. The intricate interplay of neuronal networks involved in thermoregulation remains to be fully elucidated and as such, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the clinical manifestations of Shapiro syndrome. We present novel data from FDG-PET imaging of our patient, demonstrating hypermetabolism in a number of brainstem and cerebellar regions during the symptomatic phase. These findings imply that aberrant thermoregulation in Shapiro syndrome involves a number of structures remote from the callosal region. We also present neuropsychometric findings in our patient, of which there have been no reports to date. We postulate that the ageing brain may be more susceptible to the paroxysmal neurochemical fluxes implicated in the syndrome.
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PMID:Insights into thermoregulation: a clinico-radiological description of Shapiro syndrome. 2399 11

A 21-year-old man presented with headache, hypotonia, hypothermia, and somnolence, deteriorating to a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 within days. Hormonal testing revealed panhypopituitarism. His cerebral MRI showed a gadolinium-enhancing lesion in the pituitary gland with adjacent changes to the hypothalamus, midbrain, and basal ganglia (figures 1 and 2). Therapy with prednisolone resulted in rapid improvement. Ma2 antibodies were found in the patient's serum and CSF. FDG-PET demonstrated a tumor mass in the superior mediastinum and histology revealed a mediastinal seminoma. Ma2 antibody-mediated paraneoplastic disease has to be considered as a rare differential diagnosis in patients presenting with acute panhypopituitarism.(1.)
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PMID:Teaching NeuroImages: Ma2 encephalitis presenting as acute panhypopituitarism in a young man. 2419 4

Hypothermia is rapidly induced during cold exposure when thermoregulatory mechanisms, including fatty acid (FA) utilization, are disturbed. FA binding protein 4 (FABP4) and FABP5, which are abundantly expressed in adipose tissues and macrophages, have been identified as key molecules in the pathogenesis of overnutrition-related diseases, such as insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. We have recently shown that FABP4/5 are prominently expressed in capillary endothelial cells in the heart and skeletal muscle and play a crucial role in FA utilization in these tissues. However, the role of FABP4/5 in thermogenesis remains to be determined. In this study, we showed that thermogenesis is severely impaired in mice lacking both FABP4 and FABP5 (DKO mice), as manifested shortly after cold exposure during fasting. In DKO mice, the storage of both triacylglycerol in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and glycogen in skeletal muscle (SkM) was nearly depleted after fasting, and a biodistribution analysis using 125I-BMIPP revealed that non-esterified FAs (NEFAs) are not efficiently taken up by BAT despite the robustly elevated levels of serum NEFAs. In addition to the severe hypoglycemia observed in DKO mice during fasting, cold exposure did not induce the uptake of glucose analogue 18F-FDG by BAT. These findings strongly suggest that DKO mice exhibit pronounced hypothermia after fasting due to the depletion of energy storage in BAT and SkM and the reduced supply of energy substrates to these tissues. In conclusion, FABP4/5 play an indispensable role in thermogenesis in BAT and SkM. Our study underscores the importance of FABP4/5 for overcoming life-threatening environments, such as cold and starvation.
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PMID:Fatty acid binding protein 4 and 5 play a crucial role in thermogenesis under the conditions of fasting and cold stress. 2460 14

It remains unclear whether mild hypothermia affects energy metabolism in the brain tissue of newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on energy metabolism in neonatal HIE and assess brain energy metabolism using position emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning. The mean standardised uptake values of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) were used to determine the glucose metabolic rate in various brain anatomical regions, including the thalamus, basal ganglia and the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes. The rate of glucose metabolism significantly improved following treatment with mild hypothermia therapy and conventional therapy (P<0.001). Prior to the treatment, no significant differences were identified between the groups (P>0.05). Following treatment, the rate of glucose metabolism was significantly improved in the mild hypothermia therapy group compared with that in the conventional therapy group (P<0.001). Thus, these results indicate that mild hypothermia therapy effectively promotes the recovery of patients with neonatal HIE. 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning may be used to provide reference values for the assessment of energetic metabolism in patients with neonatal HIE.
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PMID:Evaluation of mild hypothermia therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy on brain energy metabolism using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography. 2518 28

Hypothermia can occur during fasting when thermoregulatory mechanisms, involving fatty acid (FA) utilization, are disturbed. CD36/FA translocase is a membrane protein which facilitates membrane transport of long-chain FA in the FA consuming heart, skeletal muscle (SkM) and adipose tissues. It also accelerates uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein by brown adipose tissue (BAT) in a cold environment. In mice deficient for CD36 (CD36(-/-) mice), FA uptake is markedly reduced with a compensatory increase in glucose uptake in the heart and SkM, resulting in lower levels of blood glucose especially during fasting. However, the role of CD36 in thermogenic activity during fasting remains to be determined. In fasted CD36(-/-) mice, body temperature drastically decreased shortly after cold exposure. The hypothermia was accompanied by a marked reduction in blood glucose and in stores of triacylglycerols in BAT and of glycogen in glycolytic SkM. Biodistribution analysis using the FA analogue (125)I-BMIPP and the glucose analogue (18)F-FDG revealed that uptake of FA and glucose was severely impaired in BAT and glycolytic SkM in cold-exposed CD36(-/-) mice. Further, induction of the genes of thermogenesis in BAT was blunted in fasted CD36(-/-) mice after cold exposure. These findings strongly suggest that CD36(-/-) mice exhibit pronounced hypothermia after fasting due to depletion of energy storage in BAT and glycolytic SkM and to reduced supply of energy substrates to these tissues. Our study underscores the importance of CD36 for nutrient homeostasis to survive potentially life-threatening challenges, such as cold and starvation.
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PMID:CD36 is indispensable for thermogenesis under conditions of fasting and cold stress. 2559 28

Quality control of tissues and organs for transplant is important to confirm their safety and effectiveness for regenerative medicine. However, quality evaluation is only carried out using a limited range of inspection criteria, because many of the available evaluation tests are invasive. In order to explore the potential of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG)-bioradiography as a non-invasive test for estimation of the safety, soundness, and effectiveness of tissues for transplantation, [18F]FDG uptake and cell viability or metabolism were investigated using a reconstructed human epidermal model (RHEM). We developed an imaging system, and suitable bioradiographic image acquisition conditions and its effectiveness were investigated. [18F]FDG uptake increased in agreement with DNA content as a marker of cell numbers and for histological assessment during cell proliferation and keratinization. [18F]FDG uptake was significantly decreased in good agreement with the viability of tissues used with various hazardous chemical treatments. [18F]FDG uptake by the tissues was decreased by hypothermia treatment and increased by hypoxia treatment while maintaining cell viability in the tissue. Therefore, [18F]FDG-bioradiography can be useful to estimate cell viability or metabolism in this RHEM. This method might be utilized as a non-invasive test for quality evaluation of tissues for transplantation.
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PMID:Evaluation of cell viability and metabolic activity of a 3D cultured human epidermal model using a dynamic autoradiographic technique with a PET radiopharmaceutical. 3133 56