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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An attempt was made to study the influence of prazosin on thermoregulatory parameters. Two sets of experiments were carried out in rabbits. In the first set of experiments prazosin was given as 3 h infusion intravenously, (iv) (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg/h) or intracerebroventricularly, (icv) (20, 50 and 100 micrograms/animal) at an ambient temperature of 22 degrees C. Iv infusion caused a fall while icv administration a rise in body temperature. In the second set of experiments at different ambient temperatures (Ta = 4, 22, 28 degrees C) the following thermoregulatory parameters were recorded: rectal (Tre) and ear skin (Te) temperatures, metabolic rate (M), respiratory heat loss (Eres). The most evident result of iv infusion of prazosin in a dose of 0.25 mg/kg/h was a fall in Tre accompanied by a decrease in metabolic rate at ambient temperature of 4 degrees C. At Ta of 22 degrees C and 28 degrees C prazosin iv (0.25 mg/kg/h) induced only minimal changes in measured parameters. The results of the experiments may suggest that prazosin given peripherally induced hypothermia at Ta of 4 degrees C by inhibition of non-shivering thermogenesis.
Pol J Pharmacol Pharm
PMID:Effects of prazosin on metabolism and body temperature in normothermic rabbits. 357 62

The development of tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia and hypnosis, and cross-tolerance with morphine was studied in mice and rats. Ethanol significantly decreased the body temperature in rats (3.0 and 3.2 g/kg) and in mice (3.5 and 4.0 g/kg). Chronic administration of ethanol resulted in the tolerance not only to ethanol hypothermia but also to hypothermic effects of morphine in examined animals. Implantation of morphine pellets caused the development of cross tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia in rats but not in mice. The hypnotic effect of ethanol was significantly shorter in chronic alcoholized rats but not in morphine-implanted rats. Neither chronic ethanol administration nor implantation of morphine pellets changed the duration of ethanol-induced hypnosis in mice. These results seem to support the hypothesis on the opiate-like mechanism of ethanol action.
Acta Physiol Pol
PMID:Ethanol-induced hypothermia. Cross tolerance with morphine. 359 59

A potential antidepressant activity and an antiserotonin action of Org 8282, delta (13b, 4a), 4a-carba-mianserin, was studied in mice and rats. Org 8282 did not affect the reserpine-induced hypothermia, hypoactivity and ptosis, did not modify the apomorphine-induced hypothermia and the TRH-induced hyperthermia in mice, did not change the motor stimulation and stereotypy produced by amphetamine. It was inactive in the behavioral despair test in rats and mice. On the other hand, Org 8282 inhibited the head twitch reaction after 5-HTP in mice, the tryptamine-induced clonic convulsions of forepaws in rats, the hyperthermia produced by fenfluramine and m-CPP in rats kept at a high ambient temperature, and the quipazine-induced stimulation of the flexor reflex activity in the spinal rat. These results indicate that Org 8282 is inactive in tests commonly applied for assessment of antidepressant action but--like mianserin--it exerts an antiserotonin activity.
Pol J Pharmacol Pharm
PMID:The lack of antidepressant properties and a potent central antiserotonin activity of Org 8282. 377 30

The effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on lipolytic processes in the blood and adipose tissue was studied. Rats treated with this antimetabolite showed a significant increase in serum glucose, FFA and glycerol level, as well as in the lipid mobilizing activity. On the other hand, the lipolytic activity of rat serum decreased when compared to control group. From these results it may be concluded that during hypothermia induced by administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose intracellular, but not intravascular, lipolysis is enhanced.
Acta Physiol Pol
PMID:Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on lipolytic processes in blood and adipose tissue of rat. 383 83

The results of studies of condensation of 1-(4,4-dimethyl-2-piperidon-6-yl)-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one and its derivatives substituted in the benzene ring (R = 4-CH3 and R = 4-Cl) with hydrazine and its methyl or phenyl derivative are described. Compounds 2a, 2c and 2g were tested for their possible action on the central nervous system. Two drugs: 2c and 2g decreased locomotor activity. None of the examined compounds inhibited the reserpine-induced hypothermia, 5-HT syndrome and convulsions induced by pentetrazole in mice. Compound 2c injected only intraperitoneally depressed the number of the writhing episodes induced by p-phenylbenzoquinone.
Pol J Pharmacol Pharm
PMID:Synthesis of 3-(4,4-dimethyl-2-piperidon-6-yl)methyl-2-pyrazoline derivatives. 387 37

Desipramine (DMI) effectively antagonized hypothermia induced by reserpine and clonidine in rats. DMI effects were attenuated or even abolished after electrolytic or 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of the locus coeruleus (LC) as well as by administration of DSP-4 (N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine), a selective noradrenergic neurotoxin. Contrary to the LC lesions, electrolytic destruction of the ventral noradrenergic bundle did not change DMI action but antagonized reserpine-induced hypothermia by itself. Our results underline a possible involvement of the LC system in mechanism of antidepressive action, which was suggested previously in this laboratory.
Pol J Pharmacol Pharm
PMID:Evidence for the locus coeruleus involvement in desipramine action in animal models of depression. 393 36

Carbamazepine (CBZ) was studied in mice and rats with regard to its antidepressant activity. CBZ did not counteract hypothermia and ptosis induced by reserpine, hypothermia evoked by apomorphine, or sedation and hypothermia induced by clonidine. CBZ shortened the immobility time in the behavioral despair test in rats (but not in mice). It attenuated hyperactivity evoked by d-amphetamine, not affecting stereotypy induced by that drug. CBZ inhibited head twitches evoked by 5-HTP, as well as the hind limb flexor reflex of the spinal rat, having no effect on its stimulation by noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine agonists. CBZ administered repeatedly did not enhance clonidine aggressiveness or d-amphetamine locomotor hyperactivity, acting differently than many antidepressant drugs. The obtained results indicate that CBZ is not similar in its action to typical and many atypical antidepressants.
Pol J Pharmacol Pharm
PMID:The central action of carbamazepine as a potential antidepressant drug. 404 Oct 37

Pirenperone, an antagonist of 5-HT2 but not 5-HT1 receptors, has been studied for its central antiserotonergic and antidopaminergic activity. Pirenperone (0.00525-0.1 mg/kg) antagonized dose-dependently stimulation of the hind limb flexor reflex in spinal rats induced by LSD, quipazine or fenfluramine, and hyperthermia induced by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT)-like drugs (1-5-hydroxytryptophan, fenfluramine, p-chloroamphetamine, 1-/m-chlorophenyl/-piperazine, quipazine) in heat-adapted rats. Pirenperone also counteracted tryptamine-induced convulsions in rats (ID50 = 0.87 mg/kg); however, this action was weaker than that of metergoline (ID50 = 0.22 mg/kg). Pirenperone (0.1-1.6 mg/kg) produced sedation in mice and rats, and-in doses of 0.4-6.4 mg/kg-catalepsy in rats. Given in doses ranging from 0.1 to 1.6 mg/kg, pirenperone antagonized d-amphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity in mice and rats, the hyperactivity induced by apomorphine in rats, apomorphine- or d-amphetamine-induced stereotypy in rats and stimulation of the hind limb flexor reflex induced by the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist-clonidine. Pirenperone (6.4 mg/kg) significantly attenuated apomorphine (1 mg/kg)-induced hypothermia in mice. The results obtained indicate that pirenperone may be regarded as a relatively specific antagonist of the 5-HT2 receptor only when it is employed in very low doses (less than 0.1 mg/kg). Used in higher doses (greater than 0.1 mg/kg), it behaves like a typical neuroleptic, i.e. like a dopamine antagonist with antiserotonergic, antitryptaminergic and antiadrenergic properties.
Pol J Pharmacol Pharm
PMID:Central antiserotonergic and antidopaminergic action of pirenperone, a putative 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. 404 12

The effects of apomorphine, lisuride and 9, 10 transdihydrolisuride (TDHL) were compared on two models of rotating rat. In rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) induced unilateral lesions, all three drugs evoked contralateral rotation. By contrast, in rats with unilateral electrolytical lesions of the striatum, only apomorphine and lisuride acted as agonists. TDHL did not cause any circling and inhibited rotation induced by apomorphine and lisuride. In other experiments the effects on body temperature was examined. All three drugs lowered the rectal temperature in normal mice; however, only apomorphine and--to some extent--lisuride reversed the hypothermia induced by reserpine. Both lisuride and TDHL inhibited the hypothermia reversal induced by apomorphine. The presented results are interpreted in terms of lower intrinsic activities of TDHL and lisuride in comparison with apomorphine. The lower intrinsic activity is manifested as partial agonist or antagonist type of action in dependence on the location and the state of receptors.
Pol J Pharmacol Pharm
PMID:Lisuride and transdihydrolisuride: differences in action on central dopaminergic functions in dependence on the location and the state of receptors. 407 78

This review presents our new findings regarding the centrally-induced effects of histamine and clonidine. We have found for the first time that histamine administered intracerebroventricularly (icv) induces a dose-related increase in serum free fatty acids (FFA) in conscious rats. Both H1 and H2 receptors participate in this stimulation. Histamine interacts with central alpha 1 and beta-adrenoceptors and with cholinergic muscarinic receptors when inducing hyperlipemic response in non-stressed rats. Clonidine given icv induces also hyperlipemia which, as shown by us, is elicited by a central alpha 2-adrenergic mechanism. In hypothermia caused in rats by clonidine not only already known central alpha-adrenergic but also an H2-histaminergic mechanism participates to an equal extent. We have found for the first time that in conscious rats both under normal and stress conditions not only central histamine H1- but also H2-receptors mediate the stimulation of the pituitary-adrenocortical response measured indirectly through corticosterone secretion. In our study evidence has for the first time been obtained that in non-stressed rats brain histaminergic mechanism interacts with alpha 1, alpha 2- and beta-adrenoceptors and with cholinergic muscarinic receptors when stimulating the pituitary-adrenocortical response. By contrast, in stressed animals central histamine H1- and H2-receptors interact with alpha 1- and alpha 2- but not beta-adrenergic and cholinergic muscarinic receptors when increasing the corticosterone response. We have also demonstrated that in contrast to a known inhibitory action on adrenocortical secretion in anesthetized dogs, clonidine given icv increases the corticosterone response in both non-stressed and stressed rats by stimulating alpha-adrenoceptors. In stressed animals this effect of clonidine is also mediated, to an equal extent, by H2-receptor mechanism. Our data strongly suggest that in some central effects clonidine affects both alpha 2 and H2 receptor mechanism. This challenges the view that clonidine is a selective alpha-adrenergic agonist.
Pol J Pharmacol Pharm
PMID:Central metabolic and pituitary-adrenocortical stimulatory action of histamine and clonidine. 608 56


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