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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypothermia in colder climates in the United States occurs predominately as a result of exposure of alcoholics to cold outdoor temperatures. Among 24 cases of accidental hypothermia occurring at a university medical center in the deep South, differences in clinical presentation were identified. In contrast to experience in colder climates, 17/22 cases (76%) developed at home. Alcohol was a factor in only 8/24 (33%). The elderly were at greatest risk, accounting for 16/24 patients (65%). Factors suggested to account for the high incidence of hypothermia in the elderly include abnormal temperature perception or regulation, intercurrent illness, social isolation, inadequate housing, and poverty. Coexisting medical conditions were identified as a potential cause of hypothermia in only 10/24 of these patients (42%). Social isolation was not a strong predictor, with 6/17 of the elderly (35%) living alone. Death occurred in 9/24 patients (37%), but survival could not be predicted from admission temperature, hypotension, anemia, or serum glucose. Since extreme cold temperatures are infrequent in the deep South, identified differences in demographics may be due to inadequate housing or lack of preparation for cold weather dangers.
J Gen Intern Med
PMID:Accidental hypothermia in the sunbelt. 323 Apr 57

Pauling and Miller have independently proposed that the presence of an anesthetic gas in tissue induces a cage-like arrangement of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. The theories recognize that most gas-hydrate crystals would not form at the temperature and pressure that exist during anesthesia and propose that other components of tissue such as protein should have a stabilizing effect. Measurements of the behavior of water, rather than the anesthetic agent, would provide alternative information about the likelihood of hydrate crystal formation and this information could be such as to be applicable to body temperature and to pressures used for anesthesia. If the number of hydrogen-bonded water molecules in tissue is increased, then the movement of an average water molecule should be hindered. Movement of water through the tissue may be measured by tagging it with tritium and the anesthetic gas should then slow the movement of tritiated water through the tissue. The flux of tritiated water through rat cecum is indeed slowed when the cecum is exposed to the anesthetic gas, xenon, which can participate biochemically only by virtue of its van der Waals interaction. The decrement in water flux is in reasonable agreement with what could be expected theoretically from calculations based on the activation energy for the self-diffusion of water and the degree of hypothermia necessary to produce narcosis.
J Gen Physiol 1968 Dec
PMID:Anesthetic gases and water structure. The effect of xenon on tritiated water flux across the gut. 572 84

Morphine 50 mg/kg i.p. produced a hypothermic effect in unrestrained guinea-pigs and this effect was potentiated when animals were restrained. The morphine-induced hypothermia was antagonized by dexamethasone treatment (1 mg/kg 24 hr and 0.5 mg/kg i.p. 2 hr before morphine). Treatment with the inhibitor of peptide biosynthesis cycloheximide (10 mg/kg i.p. 24 and 2 hr before morphine) also inhibited the hypothermic effect of morphine. ACTH injected intracerebroventricular produced no changes in body temperature. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that anterior pituitary peptide beta-endorphin may play a role in the hypothermic effect produced by morphine in the guinea-pig.
Gen Pharmacol 1984
PMID:Possible mechanisms implicated on the hypothermic effect induced by morphine in guinea-pig. 609 6

The interactions of thyrotropin releasing hormone, its metabolites and synthetic analogues with acute and chronic effects of endogenous and exogenous opiates have been described. The endogenous and exogenous opiates are represented by beta-endorphin and morphine, respectively. The pharmacological effects of opiates include analgesia, temperature effects, respiratory depression, catalepsy, locomotor activity, opiate receptor binding, tolerance, and physical dependence. Thyrotropin releasing hormone and related compounds appear to (a) antagonize hypothermia, respiratory depression, locomotor depression and catalepsy but not the analgesia induced by opiates, (b) inhibit the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect but not to the hypothermic effect of opiates, (c) inhibit the development of physical dependence on opiates as evidenced by the inhibition of development of certain withdrawal symptoms, and (d) suppress the abstinence syndrome in opiate dependent rodents. Thyrotropin releasing hormone does not interact with the opiate receptors in the brain. Potential therapeutic applications of thyrotropin releasing hormone and its synthetic analogues in counteracting some of the undesirable effects of opiates are discussed.
Gen Pharmacol 1983
PMID:Interactions of thyrotropin releasing hormone, its metabolites and analogues with endogenous and exogenous opiates. 614 Nov 21

Guinea-pig and rabbit papillary muscles differ in their response to histamine. 1. Basal developed force (BDF) and maximal developed force (MDF) following isoproterenol and histamine were determined in rabbit and guinea-pig papillary muscles under a variety of experimental conditions. Hypothermia and an increase in the calcium concentration increased the BDF in both tissues. 2. In the guinea-pig MDF increased to a similar extent following both agonists. In the rabbit the MDF response to histamine was much less than the response to isoproterenol. 3. In the guinea-pig papillary muscle, stimulation of both beta- and H2-receptors produces an increase in cyclic AMP. The rabbit papillary muscle contains H1-receptors, stimulation of which has no effect on cyclic AMP. The reduced MDF effect of histamine compared to isoproterenol in the rabbit may be due to the differing biochemical events following beta- or H1-stimulation.
Gen Pharmacol 1983
PMID:Guinea-pig and rabbit papillary muscles differ in their response to histamine. 630 30

In order to determine the influence of hibernation depth upon the secretion and the effect of insulin, two groups of edible dormice were maintained in winter under different climatic and nutritional conditions, and their pancreatic B-cell function was tested during the spring arousal. The first group of animals was exposed to a moderate temperature and fed ad libitum. Their periods of hypothermia were short and irregular and the active periods sometimes lasted several days; their body weight increased during the winter months; in spring, the sensitivity of B cells to glucose was low, decreasing insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro, and the adipocytes were insulin resistant. The second group of fasting animals was exposed to a low and constant temperature (5 degrees). Their phases of lethargy were long and regular (about 15 days), separated by active periods (6-8 hr); their body weight decreased during the winter months; in spring the B-cell secretion was increased and the sensitivity of the tissues to insulin ensured a high peripheral glucose utilization. These data show that the winter climatic and nutritional conditions which influence the depth of hibernation modify the edible dormouse B-cell activity during the spring arousal.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1984 Apr
PMID:Hibernation depth influences the edible dormouse pancreatic B cell during the spring arousal. 637 92

The mechanism of ethanol induced hypothermia (EIH) was examined by the use of chemically related compounds which inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or norepinephrine (NE) reuptake. Desipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant drug (TCA) and NE reuptake inhibitor partially antagonizes EIH. However, Nisoxetine (NE reuptake inhibitor but not TCA) did not abolish EIH. Chlorimipramine, a TCA compound and 5-HT reuptake inhibitor abolishes EIH. Meanwhile, fluoxetine (5-HT reuptake inhibitor, but not TCA) potentiated ethanol induced hypothermia. It was concluded that the antagonism of EIH is probably related to the antidepressant effect of TCA compounds.
Gen Pharmacol 1983
PMID:Effect of biogenic amines reuptake inhibition on ethanol induced hypothermia. 661 50

1. Several behavioral tests were used to compare the pharmacological activity of the potential antidepressant UP 614-04 with those of viloxazine and imipramine. 2. Orally-administered UP 614-04, like viloxazine, reduced locomotor activity in mice, and, like viloxazine and imipramine, it antagonized the hypothermia or ptosis induced by reserpine or tetrabenazine and the hypothermia induced by a high dose of apomorphine. 3. UP 614-04 antagonized oxotremorine-induced hypothermia, and to a lesser extent, oxotremorine-induced tremors, indicating that it possesses some CNS anticholinergic activity. 4. Both imipramine and viloxazine were more potent than UP 614-04 in potentiating yohimbine toxicity in mice. 5. Orally-administered UP 614-04 potentiated d-amphetamine-induced stereotypy to a greater extent than viloxazine, but to a lesser extent than imipramine. 6. Intraperitoneally-injected UP 614-04 was much more potent than viloxazine in increasing tryptamine convulsive potential in rats, indicating that it might exert an inhibitory action on monoamine oxidase. 7. These results indicate that UP 614-04 has a behavioral profile that is consistent with an antidepressant action, but that it differs from imipramine and viloxazine.
Gen Pharmacol 1982
PMID:Pharmacological comparison of the potential antidepressant UP 614-04 with viloxazine and imipramine; behavioral studies. 689 Sep 19

1. Degeneration of nerve terminals of the submaxillary gland of the rat proceeds at a faster rate after crushing adrenergic nerves close to the gland than after ganglionectomy. 2. Bretylium, pargyline, nialamide and clorgyline delayed degeneration to the same extent after either type of denervation. 3. Chlorpromazine and pentobarbitone also delayed adrenergic degeneration, effect related to the hypothermia induced by these drugs. 4. Colchicine applied on the nerve trunk innervating the right gland delayed not only degeneration of the ipsilateral nerve terminals but the contralateral gland as well. 5. From the data obtained it seems probable that the drugs tested delay adrenergic nerve degeneration at the levels of nerve terminals. This effect is not related to lysosomal stabilization.
Gen Pharmacol 1982
PMID:Delay by drugs of adrenergic nerve degeneration after proximal or distal sympathectomy of the submaxillary gland. 709 98

1. Thermal responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 3 mg/kg/hr) and arginine vasopressin (AVP, 3 micrograms/kg) were investigated in normothermic and febrile rabbits (LPS, 1 microgram/kg) at ambient temperature of 20.0 +/- 1.0 degrees C. Furthermore, blood pressure after these drugs was tested on a separate group of animals. 2. I.v. infusion of SNP produced hypothermia and attenuated pyrogen fever. On the other hand, AVP increased body temperature and intensified the febrile response. 3. Both drugs affected in an opposite way blood pressure, i.e. SNP produced falls and AVP increases in this parameter. 4. The relationship between the activity of the vascular and thermoregulatory systems in normothermic or febrile state is discussed.
Gen Pharmacol 1995 Mar
PMID:Thermoregulatory activity of sodium nitroprusside and arginine vasopressin. 759 93


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