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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From the viewpoint of the high frequency of mild hypothermia in patients with senile dementia, we investigated causative factors in comparison with accidental hypothermia. We also investigated the relationship between hypothermia and the type or grade of dementia. A total of 127 demented cases including 30 males and 97 females, whose mean age was 80.6 +/- 8.9 years, were classified into 3 groups according to the axillary temperature measured in August 1989. Group A consisted of 33 cases whose body temperature was below 36 degrees C on more than 25 days. Group C consisted of 24 cases whose body temperature was above 36 degrees C on more than 25 days, and the remaining 70 cases were classified as group B. The frequency of group A classification in demented patients was higher than age-matched non-demented controls (26% vs 13%, p less than 0.05). In demented males, serum total cholesterol, serum albumin, and hemoglobin were significantly higher in group A than in group B or C. Body weight and serum triglyceride were also higher in group A, but not significantly. In demented females, serum albumin and hemoglobin were higher in groups A and B than group C. In addition, cases with diabetes mellitus or cases receiving with major tranquilizers were more frequent in group A, and the index of activities of daily living was higher in group A, in both sexes. Factors such as age, CRP or thyroid hormone (free T3, free T4) showed no significant difference among the 3 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Mild hypothermia in patients with senile dementia]. 156 Jun 9

Congenital hypothyroid dwarfism was diagnosed in a family of Giant Schnauzers. Three female and two male puppies from different litters were evaluated for dwarfism, lethargy, somnolence, gait abnormalities, and constipation. On physical examination, disproportionate dwarfism (n = 5), macroglossia (n = 3), hypothermia (n = 3), delayed dental eruption (n = 3), ataxia (n = 2), and abdominal distension (n = 1) were identified. Results of initial laboratory tests showed anemia (n = 4), hypercholesterolemia (n = 4), hypercalcemia (n = 2), and transudative abdominal effusion (n = 1). Radiographic skeletal surveys disclosed epiphyseal dysgenesis and delayed skeletal maturation (n = 5). A diagnosis of hypothyroidism was established on the basis of low basal serum thyroxine concentrations that failed to increase following the administration of TSH (n = 5) and markedly reduced to absent thyroid image when evaluated with gamma camera imaging of the thyroid gland (n = 4). In the two dogs that were most thoroughly evaluated, the results of thyroid histology, prolonged TSH testing, and repeat thyroid imaging, after three daily injections of TSH, were all consistent with secondary or tertiary, rather than primary, hypothyroidism. When TSH was administered over a period of 3 consecutive days (5 IU/day, subcutaneously), serum thyroid hormone response became normal and resulted in a normal thyroid image in the two dogs re-evaluated with gamma camera imaging. Daily treatment with oral levothyroxine (20 micrograms/kg) resulted in complete remission in puppies (n = 4) treated prior to 4 months of age. The other puppy failed to attain normal breed standards for height.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Congenital hypothyroid dwarfism in a family of giant schnauzers. 174 85

To determine how intraoperative hypothermia associated with coronary bypass surgery (CABS) alters sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, we prospectively studied 21 adult CABS patients and measured preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative circulating catecholamine concentrations. Because thyroid hormone levels change rapidly following CABS, we also serially measured these hormone levels. The measured plasma concentrations for each of the above variables were corrected for hemodilution during CABS by using serum albumin changes as a reference. It was concluded that important alterations in SNS activity and thyroid hormone homeostasis occur in humans during CABS and deep hypothermia, and that changes in core temperature may contribute to these findings. We speculate that these hormonal changes may influence the response to adrenergic receptor therapy in hypothermic patients and may contribute to arrhythmias during rewarming and the immediate postoperative period.
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PMID:Alterations in sympathetic nervous system activity with intraoperative hypothermia during coronary artery bypass surgery. 278 95

Many of the disturbances which characterize adult C57BL/6 ob/ob mice, including obesity, hypometabolism and hypothermia could arise from reduced circulating levels of thyrotropin and thyroid hormones. In the present study, measurement of these hormones in ad libitum-fed obese and lean mice housed at 22 degrees C revealed that mutant mice had levels of TSH equal to those of their ?/+ siblings, while total T4 and T3 concentrations were slightly higher than those of lean controls. The hormonal responses of obese mice to overnight food deprivation or to meal ingestion were also similar to those of lean control mice. Males of both phenotypes typically had higher TSH, T4 and T3 concentrations than did females, and in male mice the circulating levels of each hormone were much more responsive to the feeding condition. The present data are consistent with recent reports of defective target tissue responses and impaired hormone deiodination rather than depressed pituitary-thyroid hormone levels in accounting for the metabolic disturbances which characterize ob/ob mice.
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PMID:Thyroid hormone responses to feeding in ob/ob mice. 280 44

Diabetes is reportedly associated with alterations in peripheral and central noradrenergic systems. The latter might be involved in the antidepressant effects of imipramine-like drugs in both humans and animals. Therefore, it is possible that diabetics show an impaired responsiveness to tricyclics. To test this possibility the effects of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental diabetes in mice were assessed in two psychopharmacological tests: 1) the reversal of apomorphine- (16 mg/kg) induced hypothermia and 2) the hypoactivity induced by a direct beta-agonist (clenbuterol 0.06 mg/kg). At day 15 after STZ or vehicle treatment, imipramine (4 mg/kg) antagonized the apomorphine-induced hypothermia in diabetic (D) and nondiabetic (ND) mice and clenbuterol produced hypoactivity in both groups. At day 30 and 45, the ability of imipramine (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mg/kg), clomipramine (8 mg/kg) and desipramine (2 mg/kg) to reverse apomorphine-induced hypothermia disappeared at the same time that clenbuterol lost its ability to induce hypomotility in D mice. These impaired responses on both tests were corrected by a short period of insulin therapy. These two tests may reflect central beta-adrenergic functions. Therefore, these data suggest that the impaired responsiveness of diabetic mice might be due at least in part to a noradrenergic dysfunction. Possibly, in diabetes, a beta-adrenoceptor desensitization identical to that observed at the peripheral level occurs in the central nervous system. The possibility that a thyroid hormone deficiency may be involved was also tested. Decreased T3 plasma levels were found in D mice concomitant with the impaired pharmacological responses and T3 supplementation turned these responses to normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Impaired response of experimental diabetic mice to tricyclics: a possible beta-adrenergic mechanism. 285 69

The effects of the administration of L-triiodothyronine (T3) On the function of 5-HT in the CNS and its influence on the actions of electroconvulsive shock have been examined in mice. A single injection of T3 (100 micrograms/kg) had no effect 24 hr later on either 5-HT1A-mediated hypothermia, induced by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT; 0.5 mg/kg) or the 5-HT1B-mediated locomotor response to 5-methoxy-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl) 1-H-indole (RU 24969; 50 ng i.c.v.). This treatment increased 5-HT2-induced head-twitches, produced by 5-methoxy-N,N'-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT; 2 mg/kg), but did not alter 5-HT2 receptors in the frontal cortex, suggesting that this potentiation was mediated indirectly through a modulatory neurotransmitter. One injection of T3 had no effect on the concentration of 5-HT in the forebrain or mid/hindbrain, but increased 5-HIAA in the latter region. Daily injections of T3 for 10 days attenuated the responses to both 8-OH-DPAT and RU 24969. Furthermore, 5-MeODMT-induced head-twitches returned to control values and this was accompanied by a 10% decrease in 5-HT2 receptors in the cortex. Repeated administration of T3 increased levels of 5-HT in mid/hindbrain and concentrations of 5-HIAA both here and in forebrain. Hence, treatment with T3 attenuated the function of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors, but increased 5-HT2-mediated responses, although the time-courses for these effects were different. Triiodothyronine also enhanced the synthesis and turnover of 5-HT in the brain of the mouse. Repeated electroconvulsive shock (90 V, 1 sec) decreased the hypothermia induced by 8-OH-DPAT. However, 5-MeODMT-induced head-twitches were enhanced by acute and repeated electroconvulsive shock. Administration of T3 together with electroconvulsive shock did not alter the effects of electroconvulsive shock on 5-HT1A-mediated hypothermia, but markedly potentiated its actions on 5-HT2-mediated responses. These findings provide possible pharmacological evidence for the suggested antidepressant effects of T3 and the potentiation of antidepressant therapy by this thyroid hormone.
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PMID:The effects of acute and repeated administration of T3 to mice on 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 function in the brain and its influence on the actions of repeated electroconvulsive shock. 297 27

A boy referred at the age of 4 years because of obesity and under observation for 16 years, was found to be suffering from a hypothalamic syndrome of unknown origin characterized by progressive obesity, polyphagia, deficiency of growth and thyroid hormone, hyperprolactinemia, hypodipsia, hypernatremia and hyperosmolality without diabetes insipidus. At ages 11 and 16 there were 3 day episodes of spontaneous muscular weakness, hypersomnolence and hypothermia associated with central sleep apnea and severe bradycardia. Subsequently, decreased ventilatory responsiveness to carbon dioxide (CO2) was found as a consequence of blunted neural drive. Therapy with clomipramine HCl (Anafranil Ciba-Geigy) for 6 months led to a normalization of serum sodium levels, pulse rate, ventilatory response to dioxide with no recurrence of the central apnea within 4 following years.
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PMID:Recurrent hypothermia, hypersomnolence, central sleep apnea, hypodipsia, hypernatremia, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia and growth hormone deficiency in a boy--treatment with clomipramine. 346 79

The metabolic and hormonal effects of cooling 10 fetal sheep in utero (115-142 days of gestation) for 2h were studied. The fetal core temperature fell by 2.81 +/- 0.14 degrees C while the maternal temperature fell 0.86 +/- 0.15 degrees C. This hypothermia caused a significant rise in the fetal and maternal plasma glucose concentrations (P less than 0.001) and a fall in the fetal insulin concentrations (P less than 0.01). The fetal plasma lactate and cortisol concentrations rose rapidly (P less than 0.01) while the growth hormone fell (P less than 0.01) and remained low until cooling ceased when a rapid rebound occurred. There was no significant change in any of the fetal iodothyronines and no elevation of nonesterified free fatty acid concentrations, in contrast to the rapid rise (P less than 0.01) which occurred when newborn lambs were cooled. These observations demonstrate that appropriate glucose, insulin, lactate and cortisol responses to hypothermia have differentiated by 120 days of gestation. However, neither a thyroid hormone response nor an elevation in free fatty acid levels was observed. Thus not all components of the thermogenic response to hypothermia can be demonstrated in the late gestation fetail sheep in utero.
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PMID:Metabolic and hormonal responses to cooling the fetal sheep in utero. 351 39

We investigated the effect of the transient neonatal hyperthyroid state on thermogenesis at birth by measuring rectal temperature, plasma free fatty acids, plasma catecholamines, and in vitro brown adipose tissue respiration in thyroidectomized (n = 6) and sham operated (n = 5) fetal sheep. Surgery was performed at an average of 133 days of gestation followed by cesarean delivery at 146 days. Fetuses were delivered into a constant room temperature of 25 degrees C. Serial measurements were made in utero before delivery and at timed intervals after birth. Serum 3,3',5 triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations in the neonatal period were normal in sham operated and nondetectable in thyroidectomized fetuses. Rectal temperatures and serum free fatty acid levels were reduced in thyroidectomized newborns. Plasma epinephrine concentrations were increased and the hypothyroid neonates were acidotic when compared to control animals. In vitro basal and norepinephrine stimulated brown adipose tissue respiration were reduced in thyroidectomized compared to control animals. These results indicate that thyroid hormone deficiency impairs nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and leads to hypothermia despite augmented plasma epinephrine values.
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PMID:Effect of fetal thyroidectomy on newborn thermogenesis in lambs. 358 81

A 48-year-old woman with a known history of hypothyroidism was admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of thyroid storm secondary to acute thyroid hormone poisoning and the possible hyperfunction of a singular thyroid nodule. Her clinical manifestations included pyrexia, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, RUQ abdominal pain, psychotic behavior, and pharyngitis. She was successfully treated with sodium iodide, PTU, propranolol, antibiotics, and a hypothermia mattress, with her serum T4 level returning to normal range prior to discharge. The patient was discharged 9 days after admission in good medical health with no medication. This article clearly shows that the functions of the endocrine system remain a frontier in today's medicine. With research, perhaps one day we might fully understand the intricate pathophysiology that results in thyroid storm. The potential problem format has been utilized in the development of the nursing care plan to assist the nurse with identifying and defining her patient's problems, as well as directing her assessment and nursing intervention. As more is learned about thyroid storm, nurses should update their knowledge so that they will be prepared to care for the patient with these difficult nursing problems.
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PMID:Thyroid storm--a nursing crisis. 655 51


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