Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen patients undergoing coronary revascularization requiring cardiopulmonary bypass received remifentanil 2 micrograms kg-1 or 5 micrograms kg-1 by infusion over 1 min after sternotomy but before commencing cardiopulmonary bypass, during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and during cardiopulmonary bypass after rewarming. Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass reduced the clearance of remifentanil by an average of 20%, and this was attributed to the effect of temperature on blood and tissue esterase activity. Reductions in arterial pressure occurred with administration of both doses during normothermia only.
 ...
PMID:Effect of temperature and cardiopulmonary bypass on the pharmacokinetics of remifentanil. 938 62

We studied kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of acetylcholine esterase in rat erythrocyte membrane after whole-body hypothermia (20 degrees C) of different duration. Hypothermia increased the degree of substrate inhibition for acetylcholine esterase, maximum rate, and Michaelis constant. The temperature dependence of acetylcholine esterase activity remained practically unchanged.
 ...
PMID:Effect of hypothermia on kinetic characteristics of acetylcholine esterase in rat erythrocyte membranes. 1551 21

Arterial hypertension is a very common condition. Cerebral, coronary and renal vessels are mainly affected by the deleterious effect of this condition, and both acute and chronic organ failure may ensue. Exacerbation of underlying pathophysiologic conditions or new precipitating factors can lead to hypertensive crisis, either urgencies or emergencies. During hypertensive emergencies, a quick raise in arterial pressure may lead to acute and significant organ dysfunction, such as aortic dissection, acute myocardial infarction, intracranial bleeding or acute renal failure. Perioperative hypertension often takes the shape of a crisis and it can be related to hypothermia, pain, neuro-hormonal response to surgical trauma or antihypertensive drugs withdrawal. Treatment for hypertensive crisis should achieve a progressive control of blood pressure, avoiding any abrupt decrease in organ blood supply. Therapeutic options are many and different in terms of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profiles. The best option should be based upon the characteristics of the patient and the pathophysiology of the hypertensive crisis. Of particular interest, some agents are metabolized by blood esterase and have a very short half life (e.g., clevidipine). This allows tight titration of their effect, which is advisable when carefully lowering blood pressure. This is of particular importance when treating hypertensive crisis in surgical patients both intra-operatively or in critical care.
 ...
PMID:Acute severe arterial hypertension: therapeutic options. 1970 25