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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ventilatory responses, blood gases and acid-base status to intravenous injections of KCN and doxapram hydrochloride were studied in anesthetized dogs during normothermia and at two levels of hypothermia. In the normothermic animal, KCN evoked significant elevations of minute and alveolar ventilations. For the mildly hypothermic (32-33 degrees C) dog, minute and alveolar ventilations were proportionally greater than for normothermia. Bolus infusions of KCN to deeply hypothermic dogs (28-29 degrees C) elicited larger and nearly similar increases of minute and alveolar ventilations as compared, respectively, with normothermia and mild hypothermia. Compared to their controls, injections of doxapram during normothermia, mild and deep hypothermia augmented VE 43.3%, 63.6% and 31.5%, respectively. With doxapram there was a feeble increase in alveolar ventilation. These results demonstrate that the peripheral (arterial) chemoreceptors preserve the capacity to respond to stimuli given acutely while lowering core temperature and in some circumstances this capacity is even enhanced as compared to normothermia.
Pflugers Arch 1975 Dec 19
PMID:Effects of cyanide and doxapram during hypothermia. 0 9

In the present study, the thermal responses induced by intraventicular administration of pyrogen prostaglandin E1, the brain monoamines norepinephrine and serotonin, and the antipyretic sodium acetylsalicylate (aspirin) were measured in conscious rabbits to assess the possible involvement of these substances in fever production. The body temperatures, metabolic rate, respiratory evaporative heat loss and vasomotor activity in response to the administration of these drugs were measured. The results showed that sodium acetylsalicylate, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase, antagonizes the norepinephrine induced fever but not the prostaglandin fever. The data also showed that the serotonin induced hypothermia was reversed by prostaglandin administration. Thus, the fact strongly suggest that the prostaglandin E1 serves as a fever-prducing mediator in the central nervous system. Also, the norepinephrine fever and serotonin hpyothermia, respectively, may be associated with an increase and a decrease in prostaglandin synthesis in the brain.
Chin J Physiol 1976 Dec 31
PMID:Brain monoamines act through the prostaglandin release to influence the body temperature. 1 25

Intraperitoneal administration of a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide (Ro4-4602) to unanesthetized rats produced alterations in body temperature which depended on ambient temperature. In the cold, hypothermia was brought about by a decrease in metabolic heat production. At room temperature, a dose-dependent hypothermia was preceded by a slight hyperthermia. The hypothermia was due to an increase in skin temperature (tail) and a decrease in metabolic heat production, while the hyperthermia was due to a decrease in skin temperatures (both tail and footsole) and an increase in metabolic heat production. In the heat, hyperthermia responses to benserazide were associated with decrease in skin temperature (both tail and footsole). Benserazide treatment produced no significant change in brain 5-HT content. Chlorpromazine-induced hypothermia was greatly enhanced after pretreatment of the animals with benserazide at room temperature (22 degrees).
J Pharm Pharmacol 1978 Dec
PMID:The effects of a decarboxylase inhibitor, benserazide, on both thermoregulation and chlorpromazine-induced hypothermia in rats. 3 39

The treatment of nephrolithiasis depends mainly on the type of stone present. Uric acid calculi can be dissolved by oral medication producing alkalinization of the urine. Cystin stones can only rarely be dissolved by oral administration of D-penicillamine. The best and least expensive prophylaxis is a high and constant fluid intake of 600 ml every 4 hours. This way the pathologically increased cystin excretion can be kept soluble. Calcium containing calculi and so-called "infection stones" need surgical intervention. Because of the high recurrence rate of renal stones every indication for an operative procedure has to be considered very carefully. For lasting results elimination of urinary obstruction is necessary. The treatment of choice of patients with staghorn calculus disease is surgical, even in the solitary kidney and in geriatric patients. As recent advances in the operative treatment of nephrolithiasis coagulum pyelolithotomy, intraoperative pyeloscopy, hypothermia and "bench surgery" (extra-corporeal renal surgery) are reviewed. Attempts to dissolve renal calculi by percutaneous nephrostomy as well as extraction of pelvic stones by the same procedure are mentioned. Finally, the importance of postoperative prophylaxis and the progress made in the medical treatment of calcium stones are pointed out.
Aktuelle Gerontol 1979 Dec
PMID:[Recent advances in the treatment of nephrolithiasis (author's transl)]. 4 17

The influence of visual association cortex on the pattern of neuronal activity in the lateral geniculate body, during penicillin-induced discharges in visula cortex, was studied. In a majority of those geniculate cells which exhibited a pre-penicillin discharge increment in activity, that increment was abolished or significantly reduced during focal hypothermia of the visual association cortex. The frequency of penicillin discharges in visual cortex was, in most cases, reduced during cooling of association cortex. These findings are briefly discussed in terms of corticothalamic interactions.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1976 Dec
PMID:Influence of association cortex on penicillin discharges in the primary visual cortex. 6 51

I.p. administration of p-chlorophenylalanine produced a fall in rectal temperature in rats. The hypothermia was attenuated after pretreatment of the animals with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, but was unaffected after pretreatment of the animals with 6-hydroxydopamine.
Experientia 1978 Dec 15
PMID:The effects of brain monoamine depletion on p-chlorophenyl-alanine-induced hypothermia. 15 36

1. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) have been taken from the cisterna magna of unanaesthetized cats, whilst rectal temperature was recorded, during exposure of the animals to various ambient temperatures and during fever induced by pyrogen. The concentration of adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in samples of c.s.f. has been assayed. 2. Cats exposed to low ambient temperatures (-2 to +2 degrees C) for 3 h maintained body temperature by both behavioural and autonomic heat gain activity. Exposure of cats to high ambient temperatures (44 - 45 degrees C) for 3.5 h caused a rise in body temperatures of about 2.5 degrees C, despite behavioural and autonomic heat loss activity. Neither cold nor heat stress had a significant effect on c.s.f. cyclic AMP. 3. Fever induced by intravenous Shigella dysenteriae (2 and 20 mug/kg) was associated with a dose-related increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP in c.s.f. Paracetamol (75 mg/kg) injected I.P. before the onset of fever, suppressed the increase in both temperature and c.s.f. cyclic AMP in response to pyrogen. Paracetamol (50 and 100 mg/kg), injected after the onset of fever, caused a fall in temperature, which was not associated with a decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP in c.s.f. 4. Fever induced in cats by intravenous Shigella dysenteriae (20 mug/kg) was associated with an increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP in plasma as well as in c.s.f. 5. The sodium salt of cyclic AMP (0.1-10 mg/kg) injected I.V. into unanaesthetized cats caused a dose-related hypothermia, which was associated with autonomic heat loss activity and a dose-related increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP in cisternal c.s.f., which was not mimicked by adenosine. 6. It is concluded that the raised concentrations of cyclic AMP in c.s.f., in response to pyrogen I.V., do not mediate fever in the cat and that the concentration of cyclic AMP in cisternal c.s.f. may be affected by changes in the plasma concentration of the nucleotide.
J Physiol 1976 Dec
PMID:Cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate in cerebrospinal fluid during thermoregulation and fever. 19 Mar 83

The inotropic response induced by beta-adrenergic and H1 histaminergic receptor stimulation was characterized in guinea pig left atria by obtaining dose-response relationships for isoproterenol and histamine under various experimental conditions. Conditions (hypothermia, high frequencies of stimulation, and large extracellular calcium concentrations) which enhanced the ability of cardiac muscle to develop force also increased the sensitivity of the left atrium to isoproterenol while decreasing its efficacy. On the other hand, conditions which enhanced the ability of cardiac muscle to develop force depressed the efficacy of histamine to such an extent that the sensitivity to histamine was also decreased. In addition, conditions which markedly depressed the ability of cardiac muscle to develop force also decreased the efficacy and sensitivity to histamine. The data indicate that while beta-adrenoceptor stimulation results in an inotropic response under all conditions studied, stimulation of H1 histaminergic receptors results in an inotropic response only within a narrow range of experimental conditions.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1978 Dec
PMID:Characterization of the inotropic response induced by stimulation of beta-adrenergic and H1 histaminergic receptors in guinea pig left atria. 21 10

In a prospective study, patients who had an ejection fraction of 40% or more and who were undergoing elective coronary artery operation were randomly divided into three groups that differed in the method of anaerobic substrate enhancement during cardiopulmonary bypass. Group 1, the controls (n = 157), received no additional glucose, insulin, and potassium solutions and experienced immediate spontaneous defibrillation (10%), transmural myocardial infarction (10.3%), malignant ventricular arrhythmias (26%), and severe atrial arrhythmias (20%). Group 2 (n = 120) received a bolus of hypertonic glucose, insulin, and potassium in the pump perfusate before aortic cross-clamping. In this group, the rate of spontaneous defibrillation was 41%, of transmural infarction, 8.3%, of malignant ventricular arrhythmias, 31%, and of severe atrial arrhythmias, 19%. Group 3 (n = 114) had the aortic root continuously infused with glucose, insulin, and potassium solution at 4 degrees C during aortic cross-clamping. This group was significantly improved; the rate of spontaneous defibrillation was 60%, there were no transmural myocardial infarctions and the incidence of severe atrial arrhythmias was 6% and that of malignant ventricular arrhythmias, 5%. It is proposed that the superior clinical results in Group 3 resulted from better myocardial preservation achieved by more efficient means of providing continuous anaerobic substrate, coronary washout, and elution of lactic acidosis, uniform global hypothermia, and direct supplemental myocardial potassium in addition to mere cardioplegic effects.
Ann Thorac Surg 1978 Dec
PMID:Reduction of intraoperative myocardial infarction by means of exogenous anaerobic substrate enhancement: prospective randomized study. 31 65

Out of more than 1000 patients operated upon by means of cardioplegia in profound myocardial hypothermia (15 degrees - 20 degrees C) aortic crossclamping time exceeded 150 min in 26 cases. The average clamping time in this group of patients was 169 +/- 22 min (150 to 227 min). The average duration of the cardioplegic coronary perfusion was 35 +/- 21 min (14 to 99 min). The following procedures were performed. Aneurysmectomy of the ascending thoracic aorta combined with valve replacement (n = 7); valve replacement combined with aorto-coronary bypass procedures (n = 9); multiple valve replacement (n = 3); multiple coronary grafting (n = 6) and one complicated reoperation. Three patients (11.5%) died, none intraoperatively and none as the result of a heart failure connected with the operation.
Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1979 Dec
PMID:Clinical application of cardioplegia in aortic cross-clamping periods longer than 150 minutes. 31 91


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