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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Shaven and unshaven rats were exposed to a cold stress at 4 degrees C for 6 hr (SE and UE). Control animals remained at room temperature (SC and UC). Hypothermia was induced in group SE, with mean rectal temperature of 22.0 +/- 2.0 degrees C (+/- S.E.M.). All other groups were normothermic, had similar arterial pO2 and hepatic tryptophan oxygenase levels. Acute hypothermia induced a sloughing of cells from the villi into the lumen of the gut, as indicated by an increased DNA in luminal washings. However, there was an unimpaired 3H-thymidine incorporation into the DNA of the intestinal mucosal cells and those present in lumina washes. Intestinal disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase were not altered. This suggests that more severe cellular alterations reported earlier in hypothermia may have been caused by associated factors other than a decreased body temperature.
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PMID:Experimental acute hypothermia and intestinal cellular integrity. 67 37

Surgical resection of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta is associated with the risk of spinal cord ischemic injury, particularly in patients with aortic dissection. Hypothermic total cardiopulmonary bypass with periods of circulatory arrest has been advocated for spinal cord protection with encouraging early results. However, techniques for this procedure are relatively complex. An alternative cannulation technique with venous return from the right atrium through the internal jugular vein and arterial return to the aortic arch is described. This has been used in 6 patients for replacement of the descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta. Despite profound hypothermia and preservation of the principal spinal radicular artery, 1 patient suffered early paraparesis with some recovery but eventually died of multisystem failure. A second elderly patient with severe obstructive airways disease died of respiratory failure 11 days postoperatively. Four patients made a good recovery including 1 with a ruptured thoracoabdominal aneurysm who subsequently required gut resection for ischemic necrosis present preoperatively. This cannulation technique together with profound hypothermia has greatly improved the operating conditions for extensive aneurysms of the thoracoabdominal aorta. Paraparesis occurring despite hypothermic protection and attempted preservation of the spinal cord arterial supply suggests that unfavorable vascular anatomy still predominates in the risk factors for ischemic injury.
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PMID:Hypothermic thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysm operation: a central cannulation technique. 834 39

Morphine slows hepatobiliary elimination of sulfobromophthalein in rodents, raising dye levels in plasma and liver. Earlier studies showed these effects to be independent of other opiate effects such as bile duct spasm, hypothermia or blood gas changes resulting from respiratory depression. Because opiate receptors are distributed throughout the body, within the central nervous system and at peripheral sites including the gastrointestinal tract, experiments were performed to ascertain whether central or peripheral sites mediate the hepatobiliary effects of morphine. Sulfobromophthalein was administered intravenously to mice and its levels were measured in plasma and liver. Tail-flick latency indicated centrally mediated analgesia. Inhibited intestinal transit of India ink reflected an opiate effect with a significant peripheral component. When injected into a cerebral ventricle morphine was much more potent in producing analgesia and raising sulfobromophthalein levels than when administered intravenously or intraperitoneally. An intravenous dose of naloxone that reversed morphine analgesia also prevented sulfobromophthalein elevation but did not prevent gut slowing. Naltrexone injected in a cerebral ventricle also reversed analgesia and sulfobromophthalein elevation but not intestinal slowing. The polar opiate agonist N-methylmorphine did not cause analgesia or raise sulfobromophthalein levels at peripheral intraperitoneal doses to 100 mg/kg. When given in a central ventricle at 4 x 10(-3) mg/kg, this agent produced analgesia and raised sulfobromophthalein but did not slow intestinal transit. After spinal cord transection, intravenous morphine did not retard the tail-flick response or affect sulfobromophthalein disposition, but peripherally mediated intestinal transit was slowed as it was in intact mice. These experiments demonstrate parallel opiate effects on analgesia and on BSP disposition but not on intestinal transit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatobiliary effects of morphine are mediated in the brain. 217 93

Many anesthesia providers involved in orthotopic liver transplantation (OTL) have become increasingly aware of the incidence of hypotension immediately following revascularization of the donor liver. Postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) is usually characterized by a decrease in systemic blood pressure of at least 30 torr with a duration of 5 minutes or more. Several researchers have suggested that the etiology of this hypotension may be related to acute hyperkalemia, acidosis, hypothermia, reflex systemic vasodilation, or some yet unidentified prostaglandin liberated from the gut at reanastomosis. The potential role of prostacyclin as the primary etiologic agent responsible for this syndrome was studied. Serum prostacyclin measurements were obtained in seven patients 1 minute before and 5 minutes after revascularization. Coincident measures were taken of preselected cardiovascular parameters. Five patients demonstrated increased levels of prostacyclin during clamping of the portal vein and four experienced significant hypotension at reperfusion. In the five patients demonstrating hypotension, a decrease in heart rate and systemic vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output and PCWP was noted. It is concluded that one or more endogenous prostacyclins may play an important role in the etiology of postreperfusion syndrome.
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PMID:Prostacyclin levels during orthotopic liver transplantation. 228 9

The effects of lindane, administered either IP (4, 6 or 8 mg/kg in dimethylsulfoxide, 0.5 ml/kg) or PO (30, 40 or 50 mg/kg in oil, 1 ml/kg), were compared in male rats. Effects appeared later and lasted longer after PO administration. After either route, convulsant effects occurred first and were over before hypothermic effects were maximal. Also, hypothermia subsided before hypophagia ended. After IP administration, hypothermia had the lowest threshold and convulsions the next lowest; reduced food intake was produced only by the highest dose, which also produced 43% deaths. By contrast, after PO administration, all doses reduced food intake and produced hypothermia, but deaths did not occur after even the highest dose. The different time courses and thresholds for the different indices of toxicity suggest that different target sites or mechanisms may be involved. Thus, effects on the gut, in addition to effects on the brain, may account for the longer duration and greater sensitivity of reduced food intake, compared to lethal and hypothermic effects, after PO administration of lindane. After administration of lindane IP, peripheral vasodilation (as demonstrated by an increase in tail temperature) preceded colonic hypothermia. This could be explained if lindane inappropriately activated heat-loss mechanisms.
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PMID:Kinetics and thresholds of several indices of lindane-induced toxicity. 248 9

The in situ rat gut technique was used to study the effects of hypothermia on the intestinal absorption of a 1 mg/ml solution of sodium pentobarbital in 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0). Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 300 and 370 g were exposed to an atmosphere of helox (helium:oxygen, 80:20) at 0-4 degrees C for 5 hr. This procedure lowers the rectal temperature of the rats from 38 to 20 degrees C. The animals were prepared for surgery using ether as anesthetic after their rectal temperature reached 20 degrees C. Water flux in and out of the intestinal lumen was estimated from tritiated polyethylene glycol 4000 concentrations in the perfusate. The disappearance rate constant of pentobarbital from the intestinal lumen was 0.0638 +/- 0.007 min-1 for hypothermic rats, in comparison to 0.114 +/- 0.0123 min-1 for normothermic rats.
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PMID:Effects of hypothermia on drug absorption. 350 90

Thermal, metabolic, and circulatory responses were studied in six hill-walkers taking part in a 28-mile (45-km.) walk in rough country in autumn and winter, air temperatures being 6 to 12 degrees C. and -2 to 2 degrees C., respectively.Though they were an apparently well-matched party, the walkers had to split into three pairs to avoid exhaustion. They adjusted their clothing so that mean skin temperatures were similar in both warm and cold conditions, the average value being 30.5 degrees C. compared with the resting comfort range of 33 to 34.5 degrees C. When, on the winter trial, skin temperatures were lowered by reduction of clothing, mean skin temperatures fell to 26.5 to 27.8 degrees C., one subject showing a value of 21.3 degrees C. These temperatures were associated with moderate discomfort from cold.Gut temperatures during exercise, measured with a radio pill, averaged 38.7 to 37.9 degrees C. on the autumn exercise. Slightly lower values were observed in winter, but this was associated with slower walking rather than cold stress. A fat and a thin subject walking together with minimal clothing showed widely different temperature responses, the fatter subject having a lower skin temperature and higher gut temperature than his companion. These results were compared with other results on extreme cold stress and discussed in relation to hypothermia. Heart rate and blood pressure findings were unremarkable, except for increased post-exercise heart rates and standing/lying heart rate differences, and a tendency to postural hypotension associated with exhaustion. Blood volume was not reduced in exhaustion and there were no significant changes in blood electrolytes or other constituents apart from a small rise in potassium. Ketonuria developed in all subjects.
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PMID:Thermal, metabolic, blood, and circulatory adjustments in prolonged outdoor exercise. 578 23

We studied 2 of 4 affected boys with a new disease associated with abnormalities of copper metabolism. The four cases occurred in two generations of a family. This syndrome was similar to Menkes disease in some respects: X-linked recessive inheritance, marked psychomotor retardation with seizures, low serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels, and a block in gut copper absorption. There were also striking differences from Menkes disease. Patients had normal birthweight at term, no hypothermia, and survived beyond the usual Menkes age group with static neurologic disease including hypotonia and choreoathetosis. In addition, general examination of both children was unremarkable apart from undescended testes and growth retardation. The hair, facies, and skin were normal and there was no radiologic evidence of bony changes. Detailed studies of copper absorption were performed.
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PMID:An X-linked disease of the nervous system with disordered copper metabolism and features differing from Menkes disease. 719 7

Families of 70 kDa heat shock proteins have essential roles in cellular coping to noxious stimuli. However, their roles in psychophysiological stress have not been precisely clarified. We tested our hypothesis that heat shock cognate protein (HSC)70 messenger RNA would increase in stress-vulnerable organs under psychophysiological stress. In control rats, cerebral HSC70 mRNAs were constitutively expressed while gastric HSC70 mRNAs were scarcely identified. Restraint-water immersion stress significantly increased the level of cerebral HSC70 mRNAs for 6 h and 12 h. Stress for 6 h with recovery for 6 h induced more gastric HSC70 mRNA levels than that without recovery, while stress for 12 h expressed the highest gastric HSC70 mRNA levels. Hypothermia, induced by water immersion, excluded a possible role of hyperthermia in inducing HSC70 mRNA. Our results point to a crucial cytoprotective role for families of heat shock proteins in stress-vulnerable brain-gut link in mammals under psychophysiological stress.
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PMID:Psychophysiological stress induces heat shock cognate protein (HSC) 70 mRNA in the cerebral cortex and stomach of rats. 779 58

We have examined the effect of profound hypothermia on gut mucosal perfusion in 20 infants, aged 1.4-45 weeks, requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). After induction of anaesthesia, a laser Doppler probe was inserted 8 cm into the patient's rectum to allow monitoring of rectal mucosal perfusion ("flux") throughout operation. Steady-state observation periods (5 min with no change in temperature or mean arterial pressure (MAP) were achieved after 10 min on CPB at 35 degrees C, after CPB-induced cooling to 15-25 degrees C, immediately before rewarming and after rewarming to 35 degrees C. Throughout these periods flow rate was 100 ml kg-1 min-1, packed cell volume was kept constant and Paco2 maintained at 5.3 +/- 0.5 kPa. No vasoactive drugs were used. Initial warm and rewarm MAP values (46 mm Hg) were significantly lower (P = 0.008) than during the cold CPB periods (63 and 64 mm Hg). Mean flux in the first cold period (152) was significantly lower (P = 0.001) than that in the first warm CPB period (211). Post-rewarm flux (127) was significantly lower than all other CPB flux values (P = 0.004). We conclude that although hypothermia significantly reduced mucosal blood flow, rewarming produced even greater reductions in mucosal perfusion that may prove crucial in the development of mucosal hypoxia.
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PMID:Effect of hypothermia on rectal mucosal perfusion in infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. 895 73


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