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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was studied in 8 patients who underwent open-heart surgery with the aid of extracorporeal circulation. Hyperglycemia was observed during perfusion. Despite the high glucose levels during perfusion, insulin responses were depressed. A rise of insulin levels was observed one hour after perfusion, and at the same time the glucose levels dropped. Suppression of insulin secretion during perfusion may be the result of increased catecholamine secretion, induced hypothermia, or heparin administration. High levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and low levels of triglycerides were observed immediately before, during, and after perfusion while heparin was being utilized. This phenomenon was considered to be strongly affected by the use of heparin. The levels of growth hormone were depressed during perfusion but significantly elevated one hour after the end of perfusion. These phenomena may be caused by the fluctuations in glucose and NEFA levels.
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PMID:Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in open-heart surgery. 83 44

Hypothalamic-pituitary function was studied in 4 patients with anorexia nervosa of different degree of severity before and after refeeding. Gonadotrophin secretion was low in all subjects and improved in two after a prolonged period of feeding. In one subject there was a failure of pituitary gonadotrophin secretion after the administration of hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone but the response was restored to normal after treatment. Thyroid function was reduced in one patient only but returned to normal after intravenous therapy for 6 days. Growth hormone and cortisol levels were elevated in all patients, and in one severe case the growth hormone values were extremely high. There was also a disturbance of the hypothalamic control of growth hormone and pituitary-adrenal function, which returned to normal after refeeding. One patient with severe hypothermia was resistant to the administration of a pyrogen, but developed a normal febrile response after treatment.
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PMID:Hypothalamic-pituitary function in anorexia nervosa. 109 Jan

Plasma growth hormone (plasma GH) and blood-glucose concentrations were measured in 23 patients undergoing open heart surgery with moderate hypothermia. A significant increase in blood-glucose concentration occurred with sternotomy and increased during bypass, partly as a result of the exogenous glucose load from the perfusate. Following bypass, the blood-glucose remained above the pre-anaesthetic concentration, and this elevation persisted into the period following surgery. Plasma GH also increased with surgery and remained elevated during perfusion. The highest concentrations occurred following bypass when normal temperature had been regained .
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PMID:Growth hormone and blood-glucose concentrations during cardiopulmonary bypass. 114 89

This case report of a 16-year-old girl describes the association of chronic diarrhea and lower limb dermopathy with an unusual and widespread gliosis within hypothalamic and other diencephalic structures. This syndrome to our knowledge has not been previously reported. Hypothalamic disease was suggested during life by examination findings of sustained hypothermia, altered sleep-wake cycles and abnormal cortisol diurnal rhythms. Profound growth arrest from the age of 8 yr (growth velocity < 1.4cm/yr) despite normal levels of growth hormone and response to physiological stimuli were additional unusual features. Autopsy after sudden death at 16 yr showed extensive gliosis in hypothalamic and adjacent diencephalic structures with proportionately little neuronal loss--suggesting an unidentified stimulus to glial proliferation. In the absence of evidence of other organ dysfunction it is suggested that dermopathy and chronic diarrhea in this case may have an autonomic basis. The impaired tissue response to growth hormone could be due to chronic hypothermia or involvement of some other (unidentified) hypothalamic factor regulating growth velocity.
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PMID:Diencephalic idiopathic gliosis: an unusual hypothalamic syndrome of dermopathy, diarrhea and growth arrest. 143 Aug 43

Administration of 8-hydroxy-2(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OHDPAT) to rats produced dose-dependent decreases in food intake and hypothermia, increases in plasma prolactin and corticosterone, and a decrease in plasma growth hormone. 8-OHDPAT administration also induced the serotonin behavioral syndrome at all doses. Pretreatment with metergoline did not affect the 8-OHDPAT-induced behavioral syndrome or decrease in food intake but attenuated the prolactin increase and, furthermore, potentiated 8-OHDPAT-induced hypothermia. Pretreatment with ritanserin or naloxone did not modify 8-OHDPAT-induced changes in food intake, temperature or prolactin. Similarly, pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, clonidine, haloperidol and methiothepin also did not attenuate 8-OHDPAT-induced decreases in food intake. Administration of pindolol alone produced hyperthermia, decreased food intake and enhanced prolactin secretion. Pindolol thus appears to act as a partial 5-HT agonist in addition to being an antagonist at central 5-HT receptors.
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PMID:Food intake, neuroendocrine and temperature effects of 8-OHDPAT in the rat. 296 88

The effects of analgesic, thermoregulatory and endocrine functions of administering morphine sulphate (0.3 mg) into the lateral cerebral ventricle via an Ommaya catheter were assessed in eight patients with cancer pain. Satisfactory control of intractable pain was obtained in these patients, without any change in other sensory modalities. The delay in the onset of pain relief and the duration of analgesia ranged, respectively, from 20 to 40 min and from 12 to 16 h after drug injection. In addition, intraventricular administration of morphine caused a reduction in rectal temperature in these patients at an ambient temperature of 24 degrees C. The hypothermia in response to the injection of morphine was due to cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. There was no change in metabolism or in respiratory evaporative heat loss after morphine injection. Further, 10 to 20 min after intraventricular administration of morphine, the blood levels of prolactin, growth hormone and glucose were elevated in these patients. The changes in temperature and endocrine levels lasted for 1-3 h. In addition to the pain relief, these side-effects of morphine treatment were short-lasting and disappeared as the morphine treatment continued. The results indicate that activation of opiate receptors in the brain produced pain relief, hypothermia (due to cutaneous vasodilation and sweating), and increased blood levels of prolactin, growth hormone and glucose in patients with cancer pain.
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PMID:Intraventricular morphine produces pain relief, hypothermia, hyperglycaemia and increased prolactin and growth hormone levels in patients with cancer pain. 343 Jan 86

The metabolic and hormonal effects of cooling 10 fetal sheep in utero (115-142 days of gestation) for 2h were studied. The fetal core temperature fell by 2.81 +/- 0.14 degrees C while the maternal temperature fell 0.86 +/- 0.15 degrees C. This hypothermia caused a significant rise in the fetal and maternal plasma glucose concentrations (P less than 0.001) and a fall in the fetal insulin concentrations (P less than 0.01). The fetal plasma lactate and cortisol concentrations rose rapidly (P less than 0.01) while the growth hormone fell (P less than 0.01) and remained low until cooling ceased when a rapid rebound occurred. There was no significant change in any of the fetal iodothyronines and no elevation of nonesterified free fatty acid concentrations, in contrast to the rapid rise (P less than 0.01) which occurred when newborn lambs were cooled. These observations demonstrate that appropriate glucose, insulin, lactate and cortisol responses to hypothermia have differentiated by 120 days of gestation. However, neither a thyroid hormone response nor an elevation in free fatty acid levels was observed. Thus not all components of the thermogenic response to hypothermia can be demonstrated in the late gestation fetail sheep in utero.
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PMID:Metabolic and hormonal responses to cooling the fetal sheep in utero. 351 39

Cholinesterase inhibitors induce changes in plasma hormones in the rat. Since these compounds induce hypothermia the question has been raised as to whether the endocrine responses are secondary to the fall in core temperature. The time course of the changes in temperature and plasma levels of corticosterone, growth hormone and prolactin have been examined following injection of diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DFP), soman or physostigmine. All three cholinesterase inhibitors caused an initial rise in corticosterone; DFP decreased growth hormone; physostigmine reduced prolactin. The time course of the hypothermia after DFP and soman did not correlate with that of the rise in corticosterone. The data do not suggest that the hormone changes are secondary to the temperature change.
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PMID:Relationship between the temperature and endocrine changes induced by cholinesterase inhibitors. 358 58

In order to clarify the inhibitory mechanism of insulin secretion associated with open-heart surgery, the influence of insulin antagonistic hormones on insulin secretion was studied in 20 patients with congenital heart diseases undergoing open-heart surgery, under simple deep hypothermia. Despite a hyperglycemia, plasma immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide showed no change during the cooling period, while with the exception of plasma human growth hormone, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, immunoreactive glucagon, cortisol and cyclic AMP in plasma, either showed no change, or a decrease during the cooling period. It is assumed that catecholamine, glucocorticoid and glucagon do not play an important role in the inhibitory mechanism of insulin secretion during hypothermic open-heart surgery, and a transient hypofunction of the pancreas as well as the liver and the adrenal gland is probably involved.
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PMID:Inhibitory mechanisms of insulin secretion associated with hypothermic open-heart surgery. 627 5

Plasma growth hormone, cortisol, insulin and blood glucose concentrations were measured intra- and postoperatively in ten patients who underwent open heart surgery with moderate hypothermia. Diazepam-ketamine anaesthesia for 10-20 min failed to precipitate any significant alterations in the levels of measured hormones and blood glucose. In the pre-bypass period of surgery, an increase in cortisol and a slight elevation in growth hormone levels was observed; insulin level showed no change in spite of marked hyperglycaemia. The bypass period, including hypothermia and haemodilution, was accompanied by unchanged cortisol and elevated growth hormone levels, while insulin demonstrated a slight rise which did not correspond with the degree of hyperglycaemia. The post-bypass period with rewarming the restoring spontaneous circulation was characterized by further marked increase in cortisol and growth hormone levels and, in spite of decreasing levels of blood glucose, by a paradoxical elevation in plasma insulin. It is suggested that hypothermia, haemodilution, reduced tissue perfusion affecting endocrine glands, as well as denaturation of some hormones in the oxygenator, participate in the moderate endocrine response, disproportionate to the stress of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. The rise in hormone levels on terminating bypass seems to be dependent on the improved blood flow to endocrine glands due to recovered spontaneous circulation, rewarming and, as for insulin, presumably even on the reduced inhibitory effect of catecholamines.
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PMID:The effects of open heart surgery on growth hormone, cortisol and insulin levels in man. Hormone levels during open heart surgery. 632 66


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