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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using cardiopulmonary bypass to cool the graft and flushing the lungs with cold crystalloid solution are the most popular methods for clinical cardiopulmonary preservation. Heart-lung transplantation was carried out in 11 cynomolgus monkeys. Donor cardiac preservation was achieved with cold crystalloid cardioplegic solution (10 ml per kilogram of body weight) in all animals. Lung preservation was achieved with a rollerhead pump and by cooling (12 degrees C) the donor in one group of 4 animals (deep hypothermia group) and infusing cold (4 degrees C) modified Euro-Collins solution (15 ml/kg X 4 minutes) into the main pulmonary artery of 7 donors pretreated with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) (PGE1 group). PGE1 was given intravenously (0.5 to 4.0 micrograms/kg/min) beginning 15 minutes prior to aortic cross-clamping and was continued during administration of the pulmonary cooling solution. In the deep hypothermia group, no pharmacotherapy was used. Grafts were stored at 4 degrees C for about 6 hours. After heart-lung transplantation, arterial blood gases were measured on 40% inspired oxygen and 2 to 3 cm of positive end-expiratory pressure, and were significantly higher in the PGE1 group than the deep hypothermia group after 8 hours of reperfusion (p = 0.04). The partial pressure of arterial oxygen decreased significantly during the 8 hours of reperfusion in the deep hypothermia group (153 to 108 mm Hg; p = 0.01) and increased in the PGE1 group (189 to 218 mm Hg;p = 0.0002). Eighty-six percent of the animals in the PGE1 group survived more than 24 hours (p = 0.03). There were no survivors in the deep hypothermia group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Donor deep hypothermia or donor pretreatment with prostaglandin E1 and single pulmonary artery flush for heart-lung graft preservation: an experimental primate study. 314 74

An early-phase tolerance to toxic doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be induced in mice by prior administration of sublethal doses of LPS or lipid A. These tolerant mice exhibit no hypothermia on subsequent administration of LPS and can survive a challenge dose of LPS that would normally be lethal. Peritoneal exudate cells of LPS-tolerant mice synthesized significantly reduced amounts of prostaglandins and of procoagulant activity (PCA) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) when stimulated with LPS in vitro (compared to macrophages of control animals). Tolerance induction with lipid A was somewhat less effective. A regulatory mechanism of E-series prostaglandins (PGE) might be involved in the induction of hyporesponsiveness in macrophages of tolerant mice, as the LPS-stimulated TNF release could be inhibited in a dose dependent manner by preincubation with PGE1. Since PCA and TNF are mediators that are proposed to play a very important role in the pathophysiology of septic and endotoxic shock, a reduction in the release of these mediators may be partially responsible for early-phase tolerance to LPS.
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PMID:Reduced release of TNF and PCA from macrophages of tolerant mice. 319 64

For no organ is the need more acute than for the lung or heart-lung block. The new improved "freezing" technique with simultaneous use of intravenous prostaglandin E1 will result in reliable and adequate heart-lung block preservation. The lungs are flushed with high-volume (60 ml/kg), low-pressure (less than 20 mmHg), low-flow (15 ml/kg/min), using modified Euro-Collins solution (added 12 Meq/L of MgSO4 and 65 ml/L of 50% Dextrose). Additional topical cooling has been achieved by cold Physiosol and the excised graft is then placed in a plastic bag filled with Physiosol. This static hypothermia has been successfully used with extended ischemia times of more than six hours in primates and almost four hours in man. Forty heart-lung transplantations have been done from March 1981 to September 1986 and nine of them have been performed using this "freezing" technique with prostaglandin E1. Distant graft procurement has been used twice for heart-lung transplantation. All nine most recent patients who have received the graft harvested with this new "freezing" technique are doing well.
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PMID:Intravenous prostaglandin E1, cold crystalloid flush and topical hypothermia for cardiopulmonary graft preservation. 329 33

The effects of pentoxifylline and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on red blood cell deformability during cold blood perfusion were studied by means of a filtration method. The deformability of normal red blood cells decreased with the temperature transition from 20 degrees to 15 degrees C (transit time: 3.5, 5.8, 25, and 99 seconds at 37 degrees, 20 degrees, 15 degrees, and 10 degrees C respectively). The effects of both pentoxifylline and PGE1 were not noticeable at 37 degrees C but became significant with hypothermia (5.0, 12, and 48 seconds at 20 degrees, 15 degrees, and 10 degrees C, respectively, in samples with pentoxifylline of 0.3 mg/ml; 5.3, 13, and 46 seconds at 20 degrees, 15 degrees, and 10 degrees C, respectively, in those with PGE1 of 40 ng/ml). The results in this study suggest that pretreatment of blood by pentoxifylline or PGE1 could improve coronary microcirculation perfused with cold blood cardioplegic solutions owing to significant improvement of the deformability of red blood cells.
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PMID:Effects of pentoxifylline and prostaglandin E1 on cold blood perfusion studied by red blood cell deformability. 361 24

During a 7 year period, 64 consecutive neonates (less than 30 days of age) underwent surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. There were no intraoperative deaths, four (6%) postoperative deaths, and seven (12%) late deaths. Improvement in the survival rate in this study can be attributed to improved perioperative care, avoidance of hypothermia during the operation, use of prostaglandin E1 to stabilize the patient's condition before the operation, emergency cardiac catheterization and operations, adequate relief of the aortic obstruction, and appropriate use of pulmonary artery banding. The last of these factors may further reduce the mortality. Banding of the pulmonary artery in patients with complex cardiac lesions associated with a ventricular septal defect has significantly lowered the mortality compared with the mortality of those without pulmonary artery banding. In contrast, the absence of pulmonary artery banding in those with a large ventricular septal defect did not affect the mortality or postoperative ventilator requirements as compared to patients having banding and coarctation repair. One late death was related to complications of the pulmonary artery band.
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PMID:Results of surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta in the critically ill neonate. Including the influence of pulmonary artery banding. 370 79

Intraperitoneal administration of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) produced a hypothermia in rats at room temperatue (22 degrees C). The hypothermia in response to PGE1 was due to cutaneous vasodilatation and decreased metabolic heat production. Depletion of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine and p-chlorophenylalanine) did not alter the PGE1-induced hypothermia. However, depletion of bran catecholamines (with 6-hydroxydopamine) and blockade of central catecholaminergic receptors (with phentolamine and propranolol) both greatly reduced the PGE1-induced hypothermia. The data indicate that PGE1 lowers body temperature in rats by acting on the central catecholaminergic systems.
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PMID:The catecholamine mechanisms of prostaglandin E1-induced hypothermia in rats. 610 85

The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of taurine produced a fall in core temperature, the extent of which was dependent on the thermal gradient between the body and the environment. Concurrently, a sudden rise in ear skin temperature, which was maximal in the cold and negligible at 30 degrees C, was observed. The fever induced by i.v. injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin was antagonized by taurine. High temperatures produced by i.c.v. injection of prostaglandin E1 were also suppressed by taurine. Intracerebroventricular injections of bicuculline and strychnine, but not those of picrotoxin or pentylentetrazol, were able to reduce hypothermia induced by taurine. Intracerebroventricular injection of the taurine reuptake inhibitor guanidinoethyl sulfonate, on the contrary, did enhance the hypothermic response to taurine. Injection (i.c.v.) of serotonin (5-HT) elicited a fall in core temperature which was not accompanied by a rise in ear skin temperature, but was antagonized by the concurrent injection of the 5-HT antagonist methysergide. Pretreating animals with p-chlorophenyl-alanine caused a significant fall of brain 5-HT contents and a reduction of the hypothermic response to taurine. The latter effect was also observed when the animals were i.c.v. pretreated either the methysergide or with the 5-HT reuptake blockers chlorimipramine and Lilly 110140. These findings give support to the hypothesis that taurine-induced hypothermia in rabbits mediated by some taurine sensitive cells and, at least in part, by serotonergic synaptic mechanisms.
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PMID:Hypothermia induced in rabbits by intracerebroventricular taurine: specificity and relationships with central serotonin (5-HT) systems. 645 8

These studies were designed to determine the dose-response autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory effects and the motor effects of dopamine (DA) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles of rats. These studies were made possible with a computer-controlled thermocline that permits freely moving rats to select preferred ambient temperatures ranging between 7 and 39 degrees C. All rats were studied with the thermocline gradient both on and off to control for nonspecific effects. PGE1 (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 micrograms) produced a dose-related increase in core temperature and produced a dose-related selection of warmer ambient temperatures. Dopamine (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 micrograms) produced a dose-related hypothermia and cold-seeking behavior. Without the gradient, DA-injected rats did not become as hypothermic as in the gradient-on condition. When the gradient was available, rats showed a significant rebound increase in core temperature 50-80 min after DA which did not occur when the gradient was off. Overall, DA induced increases in motor activity, but, during the first 10 min after injection while the gradient was on, the rats made stable selections of cool ambient temperatures and showed reduced activity. Conversely, the behavioral effect of PGE1 did not facilitate the autonomically mediated heat gain. These results emphasize the necessity of creating behavioral options for animals in order to fully evaluate drug effects on thermoregulation.
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PMID:Behavioral thermoregulation, core temperature, and motor activity: simultaneous quantitative assessment in rats after dopamine and prostaglandin E1. 654

The effects of centrally injected prostaglandins (PGE1 and PGF2 alpha), arachidonic acid and lysine acetylsalicylate were examined on the seizure activity and temperature changes produced by pentylentetrazole (PTZ) and also on maximal electroshock (MES) seizures. PGE1 antagonised both PTZ and MES seizures whilst PGF2 alpha had the reverse effect. In addition both PGs alone produced hyperthermia but attenuated PTZ hypothermia. Arachidonic acid protected against PTZ--but potentiated MES--seizures whilst lysine acetylsalicylate augmented the effects of both convulsive stimuli. Lysine acetylsalicylate and arachidonic acid alone were transiently hyperthermic and also antagonised PTZ hypothermia though the total net effect may have been due to a functional antagonism. It is suggested from these findings that PGE1 has anticonvulsant effects whilst PGF2 alpha promotes seizures neither of these properties correlating with thermoregulatory actions.
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PMID:Modification of convulsive behaviour and body temperature in mice by intracerebroventricular administration of prostaglandins, arachidonic acid and the soluble acetylsalicylic acid salt lysine acetylsalicylate. 679 2

Past over two years, thirteen cases of aortic arch aneurysm, including 5 proximal arch aneurysms, 5 transverse arch aneurysms and 3 distal arch aneurysms, were operated under retrograde cerebral perfusion with deep hypothermia. In the operation, tympanic temperature, rectal temperature and SEP were monitored. When the rectal temperature fell to 20 degrees C, circulatory arrest was done and retrograde cerebral perfusion was started through SVC venous cannula, at the rate of 200-300 ml/min. During cerebral perfusion, PGE1, Mannitol, Solumedrol were administered and defroxamine as radical scavenger was injected before reperfusion for protection of the brain edema. The duration of retrograde cerebral perfusion was from 28 min to 67 min. (mean 42.8 min). In the retrograde cerebral perfusion, cerebral embolization was prevented and good operative field without cannulation was obtained. Of 13 patients, 3 patients were died of intraoperative myocardial infarction and acute renal failure. Ten patients were alive and recovery of consciousness was complete. In conclusion, retrograde cerebral perfusion method is very simple and useful for the operation of aortic arch aneurysm.
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PMID:[Retrograde cerebral perfusion with circulator arrest for aortic arch aneurysm]. 837 29


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