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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe a 30 year old man who developed chronic adipsic hypernatraemia and hypothermia following a subarachnoid haemorrhage from an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Anterior pituitary function tests were normal. Hypothermia was demonstrated over 4 years with loss of the ability to control heat conservation despite body temperatures as low as 30 degrees C. He failed to experience thirst despite plasma sodium concentrations of up to 187 nmol/l and plasma osmolalities of up to 397 mOsm/kg. The slope of the plasma vasopressin-plasma osmolality curve indicated loss of the osmoreceptor. There was an absent vasopressin response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia but a normal response to apomorphine. The apomorphine-stimulated immunoreactive vasopressin was shown to behave identically to the synthetic peptide on HPLC and was bioactive.
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PMID:Chronic hypernatraemia and hypothermia following subarachnoid haemorrhage. 377 77

We have observed an association between hypothermia and hypokalemia in a number of postoperative patients. In order to analyze the incidence and consequences of this correlation, 108 patients undergoing major operations were prospectively studied. Rectal temperature, serum and urinary potassium, arterial blood gases, blood glucose, and routine monitoring were analyzed. Hypothermia occurred in 35 (32%) patients, of whom 20 (57%) suffered from hypokalemia. Hypothermia was accompanied by an undercompensated metabolic acidosis in 15 (75%) and hyperglycemia in 18 (89%), while nine (45%) patients had cardiac dysrhythmias. Urinary potassium excretion was lower in hypothermic patients and therefore cannot explain the finding of hypokalemia. Administration of NaHCO3, insulin, digitalis, and calcium in patients suffering from hypothermia must be done with caution because hypokalemia may coexist with low body temperature and predispose the patients to lethal dysrhythmias.
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PMID:Correlations of serum potassium fluctuations with body temperature after major surgery. 381 76

Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured in 45 new-born piglets both before and at regular intervals throughout a 2-hour period following an intravenous administration of glucose (1 g/kg body weight), at environmental temperatures of 17, 24 and 33 degrees C. As anticipated, rectal temperature (TR was dependent upon the environmental temperature. During the glucose tolerance test (GTT), TR remained constant at both 24 and 33 degrees C, 37.0 +/- 0.2 compared with 38.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C. However at 17 degrees C, 12 piglets were able to maintain a constant TR (35.8 +/- 0.2 degrees C), whereas the remaining 6 piglets became hypothermic (32.8 +/- 0.4 degrees C), with TR decreasing continuously throughout the GTT. Their body weight was 210 g below that of the other piglets (p less than 0.05). Those piglets at 17 and 24 degrees C which maintained homeothermy had a higher glucose disappearance rate (KG; 2.00 and 2.31%/min, respectively) than those kept within thermal neutrality (1.66%/min). The insulin response to glucose was similar. During hypothermia, on the other hand, both KG (0.76 +/- 0.12%/min) and the insulin response were significantly less (p less than 0.05) than in all other piglets. These results indicate that the glucose uptake by the skeletal muscle is increased in cold-exposed, normothermic piglets and results in an increased metabolic rate. Failure to maintain homeothermy diminishes glucose uptake and inhibits insulin release.
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PMID:Influence of environmental temperature on glucose tolerance and insulin response in the new-born piglet. 388 55

The effects of hypothermia and hypoglycaemia on adrenal catecholamines and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase were compared in control and carbon disulphide (CS2) exposed rats 24 h after the last of ten daily 4 h inhalation exposures to CS2, 2 mg 1(-1) air. Animals were either kept in a cold room (0 degrees C) for 210 min with or without immobilization or were injected with insulin 100 u kg-1. Before these treatments CS2 exposed rats had more dopamine and less adrenaline in their adrenals than controls, and CS2 exposure also elevated the adrenal synthesis of catecholamines. Cold with immobilization or insulin treatment depressed the adrenal adrenaline content and increased the plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline. There were no consistent differences between control and CS2 exposed rats. The adrenal dopamine content increased during cold exposure with immobilization or after insulin treatment both in CS2 exposed and control rats. The increase was smaller in CS2 exposed rats but the final dopamine values were nearly identical in the two groups. Exposure to cold (without immobilization) increased the adrenal dopamine content and the rate of catecholamine synthesis in control, but not in CS2 exposed rats. The increase in controls was less than the difference between the pre-cold exposure values of control and CS2 exposed rats. It is concluded that the elevation of adrenal dopamine content and catecholamine synthesis in CS2 exposed rats satisfy part of the demand placed on the adrenal medulla by hypothermia and hypoglycaemia. Consequently the changes induced by the latter treatments were smaller in CS2 exposed than in non-exposed rats. Moreover, when CS2 exposed rats were subjected to cold stress without immobilization their catecholamine synthesis was higher than the level measured in control rats after cold exposure.
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PMID:Carbon disulphide exposure affects the response of rat adrenal medulla to hypothermia and hypoglycaemia. 388 75

Infusing the aortic root with a hypothermic solution containing glucose, insulin, and potassium (GIK) during aortic cross-clamping and anoxic arrest resulted in a significant preservation of human myocardial contractility indices. Control coronary artery surgery patients had acute postcardiopulmonary bypass dp/dtmax depressed to 79.8 per cent prebypass levels and maintained only 73.0 per cent prebypass Vpm. Patients with aortic root GIK maintained 148.1 per cent prebypass dp/dtmax and 157.2 per cent prebypass Vpm, which were significantly better than control (P less than 0.001). These patients also required significantly less vasopressor (P less than 0.05). Patients who maintained at least 85 per cent prebypass dp/dtmax or Vpm had less need for subsequent vasopressor in the recovery period (P less than 0.05). Peak quantitated subsequent vasopressor need had a negative correlation (P less than 0.05) to percentage prebypass Vpm maintained. GIK root infusion enhanced anaerobic metabolism. Coronary washout of acidotic byproducts and direct cardiac buffer combining with improved glycolytic flux and better global hypothermia appeared to be the mechanisms for contractility preservation. Contractility indices appear to be useful in determining subsequent vasopressor needs.
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PMID:Preservation of human cardiac contractility during anoxic arrest with glucose-containing cardioplegia. 388 17

1. The concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the adrenal vein and the adrenal gland of the cat were studied in response to different stimuli leading to increased catecholamine (CA) secretion.2. Haemorrhage and hypoglycaemia, but not acute exposure to cold or intravenous administration of cocaine, induced considerable increases in total catecholamine secretion.3. The ratio of the concentration of adrenaline to noradrenaline in adrenal vein plasma during the control period was higher than the ratio in the adrenal gland itself.4. Haemorrhage increased noradrenaline secretion considerably more than adrenaline secretion so that the ratio of the concentration of adrenaline to noradrenaline in adrenal vein plasma was significantly lower than in the adrenal gland itself.5. Hypoglycaemia induced by insulin increased catecholamine secretion, with the adrenaline to noradrenaline ratio significantly higher than in the adrenal gland itself.6. Hypothermia resulted in a fall of the initial high ratio of adrenaline to noradrenaline, to a value similar to that in the adrenal gland.7. Neither cocaine nor changes in adrenal plasma flow affected the adrenaline to noradrenaline ratio in adrenal vein blood.8. It is concluded that preferential release from the adrenal gland of either adrenaline or noradrenaline is possible in vivo in response to different stimuli.
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PMID:Preferential secretion of adrenaline or noradrenaline by the cat adrenal in vivo in response to different stimuli. 515 27

A ferret with clinical and laboratory signs of hypoglycemia was found at surgery to have a beta cell tumor of the pancreas. There had been recurrent episodes of weakness, ataxia, dehydration, and hypothermia. A fasting blood glucose content was 43 mg/dl and the amended insulin/glucose ratio was 362.5. The tumor was removed, yet hypoglycemia persisted postoperatively. Clinical signs related to hypoglycemia did not recur following application of medical treatment and frequent feedings. The histologic appearance of the tumor closely resembles that which has been seen in other species.
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PMID:Pancreatic beta cell tumor in a ferret. 609 38

The effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) treatment on body temperature and serum and tissue levels of thyroid hormones, glucose, glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin were investigated. Within 7 days following TCDD administration (45 micrograms/kg), rats exhibited hypothyroidism compared to pair-fed controls and rats fed ad libitum. Body temperature was maintained in the pair-fed and ad libitum-fed controls but was significantly decreased in TCDD-treated rats at 2 days. Within 2 weeks of the administration of 90 micrograms TCDD/kg, body temperature was below 35 degrees C with the lowest mean value of 34.5 degrees C recorded on Day 16. Mean body temperatures for control rats ranged from 36.8 to 37.5 degrees C. One week after TCDD administration (45 micrograms/kg), serum thyroxine (T4) declined to 46% of pair-fed controls. The decreased free-thyroxine index indicated that the measured decrease in thyroxine reflected decreased hormone concentrations as opposed to altered protein binding. Hypoglycemia occurred in TCDD-treated rats subsequent to hypothyroxinemia and hypothermia, but it did not develop in the pair-fed controls. At 1 week after administration of 45 micrograms TCDD/kg, serum and pancreatic insulin levels were reduced to 25 and 76% of ad libitum-fed controls, respectively. Hypophagia was determined to be responsible for the decreased growth rate and hypoinsulinemia but did not account for hypothyroxinemia, hypothermia, and hypoglycemia following the administration of TCDD. No significant alterations were detected in serum glucagon or in pancreatic, hepatic, or serum somatostatin levels. Decreased somatostatin in the gastric antrum coincided with a 29% increase in stomach dry weight. The delayed toxicity of TCDD may result, in part, from these hormonal alterations.
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PMID:Hypothyroxinemia and hypothermia in rats in response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin administration. 613 53

Administration of insulin 1 i.u./100 g of body weight to hypothermic rats causes a fall of glucose and lactate levels in the serum and a rise in myocardial glycogen level in relation to the group of control rats kept at room temperature and to the group of rats subjected only to hypothermia. Beta-adrenergic blockade (propranolol 0.6-1 mg/kg) caused no changes in the levels of carbohydrate metabolites in the serum of hypothermic rats but raised the myocardial glycogen level by 42% in relation to the animals subjected only to hypothermia. Simultaneous administration of both these agents during hypothermia produces a fall of the serum levels of glucose and pyruvate with a rise in the level of lactate, and raises the glycogen level in the myocardium (by about 161%) and in the skeletal muscle (by 54%) in relation to the rats subjected to hypothermia alone. Insulin and/or propranolol fail to prevent glycogen reserve exhaustion in the liver of hypothermic rats which could be due to activation of non-blocked alpha-adrenergic receptors or to the action of yet another glycogenolytic agent, e.g. glucagon, during hypothermia.
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PMID:Effects of insulin and beta-adrenergic blockade on certain indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in the blood and tissues of rats during short-lasting hypothermia. 613 94

Short-lasting hypothermia during thiobutabarbital general anaesthesia causes no decrease of the absolute ATP level in the blood and liver of rats. The adenylate energy charge in the tissues is relatively high - 0.86 in the liver and 0.85 in the muscles, which might be an evidence of a significant "energy sparing" during moderate hypothermia (26 +/- 1 degree C). Somatostatin in a dose of 20 micrograms/kg of body weight given to the rats during hypothermia decreased the ATP level, the ATP/ADP ratio and the adenylate energy charge in the studied tissues, especially in the liver, evidencing increased intensity of catabolic processes caused by the inhibitory action of somatostatin on the release of insulin and glucagon, among other hormones, and on the change of the insulin/glucagon ratio.
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PMID:Somatostatin effect on the level of adenyl nucleotides in the blood and tissues of rats during short-lasting hypothermia. 614 95


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