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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1 Intracerebroventricular injection of prostanglandin F2alpha (10-40 microgram) decreases food intake in a dose-dependent manner in rats trained to consume their daily total food intake in a 2 h period. 2 This anorexia is also observed in satiated rats, which had ad libitum access to food. 3 The anorectic activity of prostaglandin F2alpha is not modified by changes in the internal environment of the body after food intake, such as increased blood glucose and insulin levels and decreased fatty acid levels, or by the presence or absence of food in the stomach, as is evident from the anorectic activity of prostaglandin F2alpha in partially satiated rats. 4 The anorexia is not due to pain or irritative properties of prostaglandin F2alpha since induction of comparable pain with 3% acetic acid does not affect food intake in rats deprived of food for 22 hours. 5 Anorectic doses of prostaglandin F2alpha when injected intraperitoneally cause hypothermia. 6 The results suggest that the inhibitory activity of prostaglandin F2alpha on food intake is at both peripheral and central sites. 7 Prostaglandin F2alpha-induced anorexia is associated with the behavioural tranquilization that is seen after the ingestion of food.
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PMID:Some observations on the anorectic activity of prostaglandin F2alpha. 89 Feb 8

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), insulin, or norepinephrine (NE), when injected into the cerebral ventricles of conscious mice, produce decreased rates of O2 consumption and hypothermia. These changes are accompanied by hyperglycemia with 2-DG, hypoglycemia with insulin, and normoglycemia with NE. Desipramine blocks the reduction in body temperature and O2 consumption produced by each of these agents, but does not modify significantly their effects on plasma glucose. The latter suggests that the thermal and oxidative responses to central glucopenia can be dissociated from concurrent alterations in circulating glucose. Propranolol enhances the hypothermic response produced by administered 2-DG, insulin, or NE. Phentolamine, however, antagonizes the hypothermia only with NE, indicating the 2-DG and insulin are probably not acting through the release of endogenous NE.
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PMID:Drug modification of hypothermia induced by CNS glucopenia in the mouse. 98 1

Hypothermia may occur in association with hypoglycemia, and indeed may be the only sign. Two cases are presented. In one, the patient presented with hypoglycemic encephalopathy. In the insulin dependent diabetic, the condition is life-threatening. Subnormal temperature is a clue to hypoglycemia in the alcoholic. The mechanism of hypothermia has been extensively studied, but remains unclear.
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PMID:Hypothermia--a sign of hypoglycemia. 101 86

The cardiac transplantation experience at Stanford University School of Medicine commenced in 1959 with the development of a comprehensive surgical method for successful orthotopic cardiac transplantation in experimental animals. The steps involved included atrial level transection and anastomosis, local myocardial hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass. From the first Stanford clinical case in January 1968 until May 1974, 73 transplants have been carried out in 71 patients. Cardiac transplantation is indicated in myopathic disease of an advanced nature with the prospect of imminent death. Contraindications are high pulmonary vascular resistance and intercurrent infection. Relative contraindications are advanced age and insulin-dependent diabetes. Previous cardiac surgery procedures are not contraindications to transplantation. Maintenance immunosuppression requires azathioprine and prednisone indefinitely. Antithymocyte globulin is used for a short time in the postoperative period. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents are also used. Therapy for rejection crises includes methylprednisolone, in gram amounts, and actinomycin D. The diagnosis of graft rejection is based on a decrease in electrocardiographic voltage, transvenous endomyocardial biopsy and clinical examination of the patient. The overall survival rate is 43% at one year and 39% at two years. The longest-living survivor in the series is doing a regular day's work five years after transplantation.
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PMID:Stanford cardiac transplantation. A review. 108 17

Bombesin infusion into the preoptic area (POA) has previously been shown to induce hypothermia in rats that are food deprived or made hypoglycemic with insulin. The present study evaluated the potency and receptor specificity of this response. Bombesin was microinfused into the POA of food-deprived rats (n = 7) and insulin-pretreated rats (n = 7) at doses of 0, 5, 12, 25, and 50 ng/0.5 microliters. Changes in core body temperature (rectal) were assessed at 1 h. Hypothermia was observed under both conditions with doses as low as 5 ng (3.1 pM) as compared to vehicle (0 ng). In a separate study, infusion of the reduced peptide bond analog (Psi13,14 Leu14)bombesin (2.5 micrograms) prior to bombesin injection (25 ng) was found to prevent the hypothermic response observed in the bombesin control condition. These data suggest that bombesin is a potent hypothermic agent that interacts with gastrin-releasing peptide receptors localized within the POA region to impact thermoregulation.
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PMID:Bombesin-induced hypothermia: a dose-response and receptor antagonist study. 133 86

Many aspects of peri-operative management of the diabetic patient remain controversial, although there are a variety of approaches towards management. These patients are at risk for certain complications related to the severity and chronicity of the disease. The surgeon and the anaesthetist must be conversant with the management of diabetes in elective and emergency situations. Reasonable metabolic control can be achieved within a few hours pre-operatively and clinical assessment can be performed on an out-patient basis. Anaesthetic management consists of assessment of the control of the disease followed by evaluation of diabetic complications and their severity. Different views are expressed regarding tight control of blood glucose level (4-8 mmol/l) versus moderate control (8-12 mmol/l) when managing diabetic patients. The importance of guarding against factors favouring metabolic decompensation in the peri-operative period, is stressed. Minor or major surgery has important implications regarding the management of diabetes. All patients scheduled for major surgery should be treated with intravenous insulin. Blood sugar should be monitored at regular intervals to protect the patient against hypoglycaemia. Emergency surgery is usually associated with an infectious process. Pronounced hyperglycaemia, dehydration and metabolic derangement may be present. The underlying pathology may aggravate the diabetic state and surgery may actually improve the patient's condition. It is unnecessary to postpone surgery to treat ketosis fully, because this may need 12-24 hours. Extreme insulin resistance and greater insulin requirements are present during cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermia and rewarming. Beware of severe hypoglycaemia after cardiopulmonary bypass.
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PMID:Routine peri-operative management of the diabetic patient. 141 7

The effects of hypothermia on hypoglycemic brain damage were studied in rats after a 30-min period of hypoglycemic coma, defined as cessation of spontaneous EEG activity. The rats were either normothermic (37 degrees C) or moderately hypothermic (33 degrees C). Morphological brain damage was evaluated after various periods of recovery. Hypothermic animals with halothane anesthesia never resumed spontaneous respiration, thus requiring artificial ventilation during recovery (maximally 8 h). In contrast, when isoflurane was used as the anesthetic agent, all animals survived and were examined after 1 week of recovery. There was a tendency towards gradually higher arterial plasma glucose levels during hypoglycemia with lower body temperature. The time period from insulin injection until isoelectric EEG appeared was gradually prolonged by hypothermia, and was shorter when isoflurane was used for anesthesia. Brain damage was examined within the neocortex, caudoputamen and hippocampus (CA1, subiculum and the tip of the dentate gyrus). Damage to neurons was found to be of two types, namely condensed dark purple neurons (pre-acidophilic) and shrunken bright red-staining neurons (acidophilic). In the neocortex, no clear influence of temperature on the degree of injury was seen. In the caudoputamen, the number of injured neurons clearly decreased at lower temperature (33 degrees C, P less than 0.001) when halothane was used, while no such difference was seen when isoflurane was used as the anesthetic agent. Likewise, a protective effect of hypothermia was seen in subiculum (P less than 0.01) when halothane, but not isoflurane was used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The influence of hypothermia on hypoglycemia-induced brain damage in the rat. 157 15

Changes of colonic temperature were investigated to examine a mechanism of hypothermia in the obese rats which received subcutaneous administration of intermediate type-insulin (8 U/day) for 8 weeks. Although diurnal rhythmicity of colonic temperature levels was maintained similarly with those of vehicle-injected controls, the overall colonic temperature levels were significantly lowered in insulin-treated animals. In the condition of cold exposure at 5 degrees C, colonic temperature levels of insulin-treated animals were immediately and significantly decreased at 60 minutes after the start of cold exposure. The data obtained herein demonstrated that hyperinsulinemia accompanying with hyperphagia should be profoundly involved in hypothermia, observed in various experimental models of obesity.
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PMID:Hypothermia in insulin-treated obese rats. 163 26

The aim of this study was to develop a model for pancreatic transplantation in the primate in order to test a new immunosuppressive drug. Initially, streptozotocin was used to induce insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, but it was found to be ineffective and associated with a high morbidity. Furthermore, streptozotocin-induced insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus did not always persist, thus invalidating the evaluation of pancreatic graft function. Therefore, total pancreatectomy was introduced and combined with the pancreatic allotransplantation as a single procedure. Enteric diversion of the pancreatic juice was chosen since this avoids exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and facilitates the oral administration of the test drug. Intra-arterial monitoring of blood pressure and blood gases during the operation and avoidance of hypothermia in the animal were found to be the most important factors contributing to a successful outcome from the operative procedure.
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PMID:Diabetes induction and pancreatic transplantation in the cynomolgus monkey: methodological considerations. 183 63

Hypothermia often occurs in association with clinical conditions involving severe hypoglycemia, but its effect on embryonic development has not been well evaluated. Thus, the whole embryo culture method was used to expose day 9 (neurulating) and day 10 (early limb bud stage) mouse embryos to physiologic levels of hypothermia (35 degrees C and 32 degrees C) for 4 and 24 hr. Embryos were evaluated after 24 hours for growth and malformations and compared with controls grown at 37 degrees C. Lactate production was measured in embryos cultured for 4 hr at 32 degrees C and compared with those cultured at 37 degrees C. A 4-hr exposure to hypothermia produced little effect morphologically but reduced the rate of lactate production at both embryonic stages. A 24-hr exposure to hypothermia at 35 degrees C or 32 degrees C produced growth retardation and dysmorphogenesis in embryos undergoing neurulation. Early limb bud stage embryos were less sensitive to this treatment, with growth retardation produced only at the lower temperature. Since hypothermia is commonly associated with severe hypoglycemia in cases of diabetic insulin overdose, day 9 (neurulating) mouse embryos were exposed concurrently to short periods of hypothermia and hypoglycemia and compared with embryos cultured in hypoglycemic medium at normal temperature. The results demonstrate that hypothermia partially protects embryos against the dysmorphogenic effects of hypoglycemia. A balance of metabolic rate and available substrate is discussed as a possible mechanism for this protective effect.
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PMID:Hypothermia: teratogenic and protective effects on the development of mouse embryos in vitro. 188 54


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