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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various peptide hormones appear to exert behavioral and pharmacologic effects apart from their classical endocrine actions. Thytrotopin-releasing hormone (TRH), for example, antagonizes the sedation and hypothermia produced by barbiturate and other depressant drugs and de Wied has shown that ACTH 4-10, TRH, LHRH and certain related substances show some activity in inhibition of extinction of a pole-jumping avoidance response in the rat. These data provided the impetus for screening ACTH 4-10, LHRH, and related peptides for analeptic activity. ACTH 4-10 and ACTH 4-7 were inactive in antagonizing pentobarbital whether administered peripherally or centrally. ACTH 4-7 amide and 4-Met(O2), 8-D-Lys,9-Phe-ACTH 4-9 were active regardless of route of administration LHRH and two tripeptide fragments (pGlu-His-Trp-NH, and pGlu-His-Phe-NH2) showed analeptic activity only after intracisternal administration. Thus, some peptide fragments related to ACTH 4-10 and LHRH were shown to share to some degree the analeptic properties previously demonstrated for TRH.
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PMID:Comparison of the analeptic potency of TRH, ACTH 4-10, LHRH, and related peptides. 18 24

His bundle electrocardiography was performed on a patient with accidental hypothermia on whom the standard electrocardiogram (ECG) showed absent P waves, prominent J waves and a slightly irregular rhythm. Sino-ventricular conduction and a prolonged AH interval not responsive to atropine were found. These abnormalities reversed with rewarming.
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PMID:A-V block in accidental hypothermia. 71 92

A patient with central nervous system and systemic sarcoidosis had profound hypothermia and dementia with associated lymphadenopathy and hypernatremia. His capacity to develop fever remained; despite the persistent marked hypothermia, sweating and shivering in response to peripheral heating and cooling were maintained. Postmortem neuropathologic studies indicated that the hypothalamic region, generally considered to contain the primary temperature control, had been severely damaged by granulomatous sarcoid disease. These results confirm and extend previous findings of temperature disturbance in hypothalamic sarcoidosis and suggest that the integrity of the primary control of body temperature is not essential to fever production and "broad-band" regulation against environmental temperature extremes.
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PMID:Hypothermia and persisting capacity to develop fever. Occurrence in a patient with sarcoidosis of the central nervous system. 88 84

A 13 1/2-month-old boy with severe microcephaly was found to have nearly total absence of the telencephalon. The patient had marmorated skin, hypoplastic penis and undescended testes. Spastic tetraparesis was present. Moro, grasp and sucking reflexes were easily elicited. He could not sit or stand, but was able to raise and support his head. He had occasional convulsions and a tendency to hypothermia and vomiting. The EEG showed symmetrical low-voltage theta-delta activity. His psychomotor development was severely retarded. Bone age was normal. Head circumference was 28cm at six months and did not increase after this age. At autopsy the small cranial vault and meninges were found to be intact. Brain weight was 105g. The supratentorial part of the brain was extremely small, consisting of an irregularly lobulated mass about 3cm in diameter and without any median fissure or ventricular cavity. The telencephalon was severely involved and partly replaced by gliomesenchymal scar tissue, while the diencephalic structures, including the eyes and the optic nerves and chiasm, were comparatively well-developed. The cerebellum and brain stem were essentially intact.
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PMID:Atelencephaly. 91 6

A case report is described with successful outcome of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a 30-year-old man suffering from acute deep hypothermia. His lowest temperature recorded was 23 degrees C. Continuous external cardiac massage was required for a total of 4.5 h whilst rewarming was instituted. The patient eventually left hospital with no permanent sequelae. A review of hypothermia follows, emphasising some important management principals and pitfalls.
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PMID:Prolonged resuscitation in acute deep hypothermia. 846 Aug 18

Activation of cardiac A1 adenosine receptors slows atrioventricular conduction and attenuates the effects of catecholamines, whereas activation of A2 adenosine receptors causes coronary dilation. This study investigates the antagonism of the action of adenosine on A1 and A2 adenosine receptor subtypes by (+-)-N6-endonorbornan-2-yl-9-methyladenine (N-0861) in guinea pig isolated perfused hearts. Stimulus to His bundle interval, coronary perfusion pressure and left ventricular pressure were measured. In normoxic hearts, N-0861 competitively and reversibly antagonized stimulus to His bundle interval prolongation induced by adenosine (1-30 microM) but not that caused by carbachol (0.09 microM), verapamil (1 microM), MgCl2 (6.5 mM) or hypothermia. N-0861 (up to 100 microM) did not attenuate the decrease in coronary perfusion pressure caused by adenosine. N-0861 significantly attenuated the antagonism by adenosine of an isoproterenol-mediated elevation of left ventricular pressure. N-0861 significantly reduced stimulus to His bundle prolongation induced by either hypoxia or reduced perfusion ("ischemia") but did not attenuate the hypoxia-induced decrease in coronary perfusion pressure. Receptor binding studies indicated that N-0861 competitively displaced the binding of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-[3H]dipropylxanthine to crude guinea pig and human atrial membranes (Ki values of 0.62 and 0.7 microM, respectively) but did not displace the binding of S-(p-nitro[3H]benzyl)-6-thioinosine. The results indicate that in the heart N-0861 is a reversible, specific and selective antagonist of adenosine at the A1 receptor subtype.
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PMID:Evaluation of N-0861, (+-)-N6-endonorbornan-2-yl-9-methyladenine, as an A1 subtype-selective adenosine receptor antagonist in the guinea pig isolated heart. 154 93

We describe a case of severe hypothermia in a 32-year-old patient who fell into a crevasse. Three hours later he was rescued and flown to a district hospital. On arrival he was apparently dead, with cadaveric skin, dilated and fixed pupils, pulseless and in respiratory arrest. His rectal temperature was 26 degrees C. On the ECG monitor there was first ventricular fibrillation, then, after several unsuccessful attempts at defibrillation, the heart became asystolic. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was begun with orotracheal intubation and external cardiac compression, which eventually lasted 4 hours and continuously required a team of 6 persons. Only at a temperature of 32.5 degrees C could the patient be defibrillated with success. In the absence of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) the victim was rewarmed by warm-air breathing and by instillation of warm saline in peritoneum, stomach and bladder. In this way the rewarming velocity was 1.8 degrees C/hour. The postacute course was characterized by severe rhabdomyolysis (CK of 100,000 U/L) with non-oliguric renal failure, which necessitated several sessions of hemodialysis. Four months later the asymptomatic patient returned to work. Our case shows that a severely hypothermic patient can successfully be treated in a primary hospital not equipped with an ECC, provided that there is a sufficiently large team. Further, uninterrupted external cardiac compression guarantees efficient circulation even over several hours. Electric defibrillation in a hypothermic patient is ineffective unless normal body temperature has been reached. Lastly, every effort to continue resuscitation must be made in the still hypothermic patient whose absence of clinical response may obscure the real possibility of complete recovery.
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PMID:[Severe accidental hypothermia with cardiopulmonary arrest: prolonged resuscitation without extracorporeal circulation]. 173 23

The best management for patients requiring CABG with severe calcification of the thoracic aorta has not be established. To clamp ascending aorta in such cases produce cerebral embolization, aortic dissection or mural laceration. We reported a 60-year-old male for unstable angina with LMT lesion. Emergency CABG using IABP was performed with femoral cannulation, moderate hypothermia and induced ventricular fibrillation. His postoperative course was uneventful and coronary arteriography revealed a satisfactory patent graft of the RITA to the LAD system.
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PMID:[A successful report of emergency CABG for severe calcified thoracic aorta--the porcelain aorta]. 177 87

A new method was developed to prevent surgical injury of the atrioventricular conduction system in septation for single ventricle. The new method includes the use of small Teflon pledgets to cover the conduction system at the crossing sites of suture line, and so that stitches can be placed on the pledgets to skip the conduction system. This paper describes the results of an experimental study to delineate the effects of covering pledgets on the morphology and function of the underlying conduction tissues. Deep hypothermia was employed for this experiment in 15 mongrel dogs. The small Teflon pledgets were sutured to bridge the endocardial surface of the atrioventricular node through the right atriotomy. They were subjected to sacrifice at 1 week to 12 months postoperatively. Electrophysiological study including electrocardiography. His bundle electrography and responsiveness of the atrioventricular conduction to rapid stimulation was done before the sacrifice. The resected heart was embedded in Ceroidin-Paraffin and serially sectioned for pathological study. No noticeable injuries were noted in the underlying conduction system. The electrophysiological study showed normal sinus rhythm at the time of sacrifice. No significant changes were noted in PQ intervals comparing to preoperative state. There were no significant differences in AH intervals, HV intervals and responsiveness to rapid atrial stimulation between experimental and normal control groups. In conclusion, the Teflon felt pledgets were demonstrated to have no detrimental effects on the atrioventricular conduction system in the chronic stage.
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PMID:[Experimental study on avoidance of surgical heart block in septation for single ventricle]. 205 Oct 87

Endothelial cell damage caused by myocardial cardioplegic solutions (Bretschneider HTK and St. Thomas' Hospital No. 2) or renal and hepatic cold storage solutions (modified Collins and University of Wisconsin solution) was assessed in monolayer cultures of adult human venous endothelial cells at 4 degrees to 10 degrees C with phase-contrast microscopy. St. Thomas' Hospital solution caused the cells to contract, resulting in disruption of monolayer integrity and opening of intercellular gaps, and resulted in a 24-hour postexposure survival of 51.0% +/- 2.4%. Bretschneider HTK solution altered cellular morphology less and produced the best postexposure survival (80.2% +/- 2.6%; p less than 0.001). Although morphology was altered the least with University of Wisconsin solution, postexposure survival with this solution, which was similar to that with modified Collins solution, was superior to that with St. Thomas' (p less than 0.01) but inferior to that with Bretschneider HTK (p less than 0.05). The superior protection provided by Bretschneider HTK was due to its additives histidine, tryptophan, and KH-2-oxygluterate (p less than 0.005), and to its low chloride content (p less than 0.005). Furthermore, modifying St. Thomas' solution by decreasing its chloride content improved cell survival to 71.2% +/- 2.3% (p less than 0.001). Normothermic (37 degrees C) exposure to Bretschneider HTK, modified Collins, and University of Wisconsin solution was cytotoxic, whereas normothermic exposure to St. Thomas' cardioplegia was not. In conclusion, the preservation solution that is the least harmful to endothelial cells at hypothermia is Bretschneider HTK cardioplegic solution.
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PMID:Endothelial cell toxicity of solid-organ preservation solutions. 212 22


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