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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The behavioral effects of paroxetine were investigated in mice and rats in comparison with imipramine and amitriptyline. 1) Locomotor activities were decreased by imipramine and amitriptyline but not by paroxetine in both animal species. 2) Paroxetine antagonized methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity in mice as did imipramine and amitriptyline. 3) Paroxetine showed a more potent antimuricidal effect in raphe-lesioned rats than imipramine and amitriptyline, and it also inhibited muricide in olfactory bulbectomized rats. 4) The immobility of rats in the forced swimming test was markedly decreased by imipramine and amitriptyline, but only slightly by paroxetine. 5) Like imipramine and amitriptyline, paroxetine potentiated the methamphetamine- or L-DOPA-induced stereotyped sniffing, and it inhibited oxotremorine-induced tremor. 6) Paroxetine antagonized reserpine-induced hypothermia, tetrabenazine-induced ptosis, and enhanced ether-induced anesthesia, all less potently than imipramine and amitriptyline. 7) The analgesic action of paroxetine was stronger than that of imipramine and amitriptyline. 8) Paroxetine did not antagonize maximal electroshock- or pentetrazol-induced convulsions and haloperidol- or THC-induced catalepsy in rats. In addition, paroxetine neither exerted muscle relaxation nor affected the shuttle-box type conditioned avoidance in rats. From these results, the behavioral effects of paroxetine, as compared with imipramine and amitriptyline, were characterized by its potent antimuricidal action in raphe-lesioned rats and its weak effect in the forced swimming test and by its less potent muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, anticataleptic and anesthesia-potentiating actions.
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PMID:[Behavioral pharmacological properties of the novel antidepressant paroxetine, a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor]. 253 Jan 42

The central action, particularly potential antidepressant activity of WEB 1881, a new nootropic drug related to piracetam, was investigated in rats and mice. WEB 1881 antagonizes the reserpine- and apomorphine-induced hypothermia, potentiates the behavioral effect of DOPA and dihydroxyphenylserine, as well as the TRH-induced hyperthermia. Piracetam was only effective in the reserpine and DOPA tests. WEB 1881 is inactive in immobility test of Porsolt et al. It enhances the hind limb flexor reflex of the spinal rat, this effect being antagonized by prazosin and cyproheptadine. It exerts no effect on head twitches induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan. The studied compound increases the noradrenaline and dopamine and turnover in the forebrain and brain stem. WEB 1881 given repeatedly potentiates the clonidine-induced aggressiveness and has no effect on the locomotor hyperactivity induced by D-amphetamine. The results indicate that in a number of tests WEB 1881 acts like other antidepressant drugs (but in others not), moreover, they suggest that this action is--at least partly--mediated by the central noradrenaline system.
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PMID:Antidepressant activities of WEB 1881, a new nootropic agent. 256 89

The mechanism of sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hypothermia was investigated on relations between the monoamine synthesis and metabolism in the rabbit brain. Five male rabbits per a group, weighing about 2.5kg and having rectal temperatures of 38.4 to 39.3 degrees C, were used in this experiment. The rectal temperature measurements were made by means of an electric thermometer for 5 hours at intervals of 15 or 30 minutes. Through this experiment, animals were housed in a room kept at 22 to 23 degrees C. The following drugs were used in this experiment: NaF (40 mg/kg i.v.), barbital sodium (0.1 g/kg s.c.), hexamethonium bromide (C6, 10 mg/kg i.v.), ergotamine tartrate (30 mg/kg s.c.), phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg i.v.), propranolol hydrochloride (5 mg/kg s.c.), pindolol (0.3 mg/kg s.c.), atropine sulfate (30 mg/kg s.c.), 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP, 20 mg/kg i.v.), l-DOPA (20 mg/kg i.v.), 5-HTP (20 mg/kg i.v.) Results 1. Intravenous injection of 30 mg/kg of NaF induced a drop of 0.66 degrees C in rectal temperature. 2. Pretreatment with 0.1 mg/kg of barbital sodium or 10 mg/kg of C6 prominently inhibited the NaF-induced hypothermia. 3. The alpha-blockade caused by ergotamine tartrate and phenoxybenzamine or the beta blockade by propranolol hydrochloride and pindolol resulted in an approximate 50% inhibition of maximum drop in body temperature induced by NaF administration. Both alpha- and beta-blockades caused by ergotamine tartrate and propranolol or by phenoxybenzamine and pindolol, however, made a remarkable inhibition of the NaF effect. Cholinergic blockade brought on by atropine sulfate, on the other hand, had no effect against NaF-induced hypothermia. 4. Bilateral splanchnicotomy completely inhibited drops in rectal temperature. 5. Intravenous injection of NaF 40 mg/kg failed to counteract the rise of rectal temperature caused by DNP 20 mg/kg. 6. Pretreatment with l-DOPA made a prominent inhibition of NaF-induced hypothermia. The inhibiting effects of 5-HTP, however, were slight. 7. Administration of NaF made a significant decrease in norepinephrine levels in the rabbit hypothalamus, but had no effect on 5-HT levels.
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PMID:[The rabbit thermo-regulatory system. Effects of high dose of sodium fluoride]. 262 92

A potential antidepressant activity of B-193 was studied in mice and rats. In in vitro studies B-193 did not affect the uptake of NA and 5-HT. In in vivo models the tested compound did not influence the reserpine-induced hypothermia, hypoactivity and ptosis, the stimulating action of L-DOPA, the apomorphine-induced hypothermia. On the other hand, it produced a positive effect in the despair test. When given repeatedly, it evoked adaptive changes in brain neurotransmitter receptors, i.e. it decreased the density of beta-adrenoceptors and increased the number of alpha 1 ones; those changes were accompanied with functional alternations in the reactivity of those receptors: an attenuated behavioral reaction to salbutamol and enhanced aggressiveness induced by a high dose of clonidine. Furthermore, B-193 administered repeatedly enhanced hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine but did not influence the stereotypy induced by apomorphine. These results indicate that B-193 possesses properties characteristic for atypical antidepressants.
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PMID:Antidepressant profile of 9-methyl-2[-3-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinylpropyl)]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta- carbolin-1-one (B-193). 263 91

A pharmacological profile of the effects of nimodipine, nifedipine and nitrendipine (2.5-20 mg/kg p.o.) in several models which are indicative of possible antidepressant activity, was tested in mice and rats. These compounds, as well as verapamil (short-lasting effect), but not diltiazem, reduced the hypothermia induced by a large dose of apomorphine in mice. Nimodipine and nifedipine slightly increased the behavioural action of L-DOPA in mice, and nimodipine facilitated the action of imipramine in the L-DOPA test. Nimodipine, nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem slightly reduced the clonidine-induced hypoactivity in rats. The hypothermia induced by reserpine or clonidine in mice was not changed by these drugs. Various antidepressants (imipramine, amitriptyline, citalopram, mianserin) used in the behavioural despair test in mice, in doses which were not effective by themselves, increased the immobility-reducing effect when given jointly with 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists (5 mg/kg). The above results indicate that the psychopharmacological profile of nimodipine, nifedipine and nitrendipine resembles that of antidepressants in some tests only; moreover, these results support the assumption that concomitant administration of antidepressants and 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists may result in a greater antidepressant efficacy.
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PMID:Dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists as antidepressant drugs in mice and rats. 272 49

Different ergot structures (lumilysergol and lysergol) were chlorinated or brominated in the position 2, and the development of antidopaminergic activity was studied. The tested 2-halo-lysergols exerted neuroleptic-like action indicated by the suppression of conditioned avoidance response (CAR), and other effects characteristic of dopamine antagonists (cataleptogenic effect, prevention of amphetamine-induced toxicity, inhibition of L-DOPA-induced hyperactivity, lowering of spontaneous body temperature, antagonism of apomorphine-induced hypothermia). A second halogen substitution in the position 8 of the lysergol structure left the CAR suppression activity untouched, but abolished other dopamine antagonistic effects. This unique psychopharmacological profile refers to potential usefulness of the compounds in schizophrenia, and at the same time perhaps in particular forms of Parkinson's disease or tardive dyskinesia.
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PMID:Substituted ergolines: potential antipsychotics with unique profile. I. Psychopharmacological characterization. 290 63

The putative serotonin (5-HT)1A agonist 1-[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]-4-(3-trifluormethylphenyl) piperazine (LY165163, PAPP) induces hyperphagia and hypothermia in rats, but unlike other 5-HT agonists, does not induce 5-HT stereotypy even at high doses (10 mg/kg sc). LY165163 (1 mg/kg) increased striatal DOPA accumulation in animals treated with the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor 3-hydroxy-benzylhydrazine (NSD 1015) (100 mg/kg ip). This increase was also found when the drug was given to animals pretreated with parachlorophenylalanine (pCPA) (150 mg/kg ip daily for 3 days). LY165163 (2 and 4 mg/kg sc) inhibited stereotyped behaviour induced by the dopamine (DA) agonist apomorphine (2 mg/kg sc). LY165163 (2, 4, 10 mg/kg sc) also inhibited stereotyped components of the 5-HT syndrome induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT; 5 mg/kg ip) which previous studies (e.g. Andrews et al. 1982) suggested to require DA (head weaving, reciprocal forepaw treading). Thus, while other 5-HT1A agonists such as 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) cause stereotypy, this does not occur with LY165163, probably because the drug blocks DA receptors.
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PMID:Blockade of dopamine receptors explains the lack of 5-HT stereotypy on treatment with the putative 5-HT1A agonist LY165163. 295 21

The acute and chronic effects of capsaicin (s.c.) on the monoamines in the preoptic region + hypothalamus (RPO-H), spinal cord, substantia nigra and striatum were studied. Levels of DOPA, DA, DOPAC, HVA, 3-MT, NA, Trp, 5-HTP, 5-HT and 5-HIAA were determined by means of liquid chromatography (HPLC-EC). In response to acute capsaicin treatment, the levels of DA, DOPAC and DA synthesis rate (DOPA formation) were increased in a dose-dependent manner in the RPO-H and spinal cord. The disappearance rate of NA was accelerated in both regions. In substantia nigra, increased DOPAC levels were found whereas the levels of 3-MT were decreased in striatum after acute capsaicin treatment. Only minor changes on the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the regions studied were noted. Neonatal or adult capsaicin treatment failed to affect the levels of NA, DA and 5-HT (measured two months or five weeks after injection, respectively) in the regions studied. A capsaicin injection to rats pretreated with the drug as adults did not affect either the monoamines in the RPO-H and spinal cord or the body temperature. In contrast, in rats pretreated with capsaicin as neonates, a second injection of the drug to adult animals elicited hypothermia and changes in monoamines similar to those observed in naive animals.
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PMID:Effects of capsaicin on central monoaminergic mechanisms in the rat. 302 47

The pharmacological properties of MO-8282 (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-9H-dibenzo [3,4: 6,7]cyclohepta [1,2-c]pyridine maleate) as an antidepressant were investigated. At doses 10 times less than those of amitriptyline, MO-8282 showed similar potencies in reducing the duration of immobility during forced swimming in rats and in potentiating stereotype induced by L-DOPA. Intermediate doses of MO-8282 reduced the duration of immobility during forced swimming, in mice as well, suppressed muricide behavior of olfactory-bulbectomized rats and antagonized clonidine-induced suppression of exploratory activity in mice. MO-8282 moderately antagonized the ptosis but not the hypothermia induced by reserpine in mice. MO-8282 exhibited weak antagonism against the tremor, lacrimation and diarrhea induced by tremorine, but its activity was milder than that of amitriptyline. The uptake of noradrenaline into rat hypothalamic synaptosomes was inhibited by MO-8282 at concentrations 20 times less than equally effective doses of amitriptyline, but the uptake of dopamine or serotonin was unaffected by MO-8282. A single oral administration of MO-8282 at a dose of 30 mg/kg accelerated noradrenaline turnover, but did not affect dopamine and serotonin turnover in the rat brain. MO-8282 strongly inhibited noradrenaline-, histamine- or adenosine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity of guinea pig brain. Its mode of action differed from that of imipramine, rather resembling that of mianserin. MO-8282 did not affect monoamine oxidase activity of rat liver. These results suggest that the pharmacological characteristics of MO-8282 are different from those of tricyclic antidepressants and rather similar to those of mianserin, but more potent. The results, therefore, indicate that MO-8282 is possibly a novel antidepressant.
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PMID:[Pharmacological properties of MO-8282, a novel antidepressant]. 379 61

Experiments on cats revealed an emotiotropic action of melanostatin on the original spectrum of emotional reactivity, similar to the effects of L-DOPA and amantadin. The drug does not possess an antidepressant action proper but activates the aggressive-defensive behaviour in experimental reserpine depression and reduces the provocation-induced aggressive behaviour in experimental haloperidol depression. In reserpinized mice, it antagonizes reserpine hypothermia, increases muscle tone and eliminates ptosis. It decreases haloperidol-induced catalepsia. Melanostatin increases the brain level of dopamine and its metabolite, homovanilic acid.
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PMID:[Psychopharmacologic spectrum of melanostatin]. 610 96


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