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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a screening survey for hypothermia carried out amongst the elderly population of an island in the Orkneys, in which a 96 per cent response rate was obtained, oral temperatures were recorded using standard and low-reading thermometers. Out of 77 patients who entered the survey, only three had an oral temperature of 37 degrees C or higher. Six patients (eight per cent) had a temperature of 35 degrees C or lower, and these, depending on diagnostic criteria, could be considered to be suffering from hypothermia. A low body temperature was unsuspected in all six.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1975 Sep
PMID:Screening for hypothermia in Orkney. 118 20

The patient undergoing open-heart surgery depends on hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to maintain organ perfusion during cardiac arrest. Increased blood viscosity during hypothermic CPB might be life-threatening, so hemodilution is imperative. Fourteen open-heart patients of ASA class II-III were included in this study. Pre- and intra-CPB viscosity changes were observed. Before CPB, 6 ml blood sample was drawn out from open-heart patients after systemic heparinization and another 6 ml blood sample was drawn out from the oxygenator after CPB was established. The hematocrit and relative viscosity of each sample in different temperatures were measured. The result revealed that as the temperature decreases, the viscosity of each sample increases apparently. As compared to the pre-CPB blood sample, the hematocrit of blood obtained intra-CPB decreases from 36.81 to 27.04, (p < 0.001), and the viscosity also decreases at all different temperatures (p < 0.001). Blood viscosity obtained at 37 degrees C pre-bypass is not statistically different from the sample at 25 degrees C during bypass. Obviously, increased viscosity due to hypothermia is buffered by hemodilution after using large amount of fluid as priming solution during CPB. Therefore, the hematocrit and viscosity remain within physiologic ranges.
Ma Zui Xue Za Zhi 1992 Sep
PMID:[Changes of blood viscosity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery during cardiopulmonary bypass]. 130 87

A case report is described with successful outcome of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a 30-year-old man suffering from acute deep hypothermia. His lowest temperature recorded was 23 degrees C. Continuous external cardiac massage was required for a total of 4.5 h whilst rewarming was instituted. The patient eventually left hospital with no permanent sequelae. A review of hypothermia follows, emphasising some important management principals and pitfalls.
Anaesthesia 1992 Sep
PMID:Prolonged resuscitation in acute deep hypothermia. 846 Aug 18

1. As reflected by increasing plasma concentrations of cortisol, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine, a marked stimulation of the adrenal cortex and of the sympathetic nervous system occurred in Syrian hamsters during moderate hypothermia induced by helium-oxygen atmosphere and cold. 2. A profound hyperglycemia was observed during hypothermia. 3. All effects due to the helium-oxygen atmosphere and cold exposure (helox-cold) disappeared almost completely after rewarming. 4. The results corroborate the hypothesis of an involvement of the adrenal cortex combined with the sympathetic nervous system in the control of acute induced heat production.
Comp Biochem Physiol Comp Physiol 1992 Sep
PMID:Sympathoadrenal activity during helox-cold induced hypothermia in Syrian hamsters. 135 91

Alcohol preference and manifestation of alcoholism are thought by many to be associated with serotonin (5-HT) dysfunction in the brain. Thus, experiments were performed to determine the effect of acute and subchronic administration of (+/-) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), an amphetamine analog that stimulates 5-HT release, on alcohol preference in two strains of alcohol-preferring rats, the Fawn-Hooded (FH) and alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Rats were individually housed and provided free access to a solution of 10% ethanol, food, and water. Ethanol, food, and water intakes were measured daily. After establishing a stable baseline for ethanol and water intake, each rat was injected SC with a dose of 5.0 mg/kg MDMA or an equal volume of saline for 1 or 3 consecutive days. Body temperature was recorded immediately before and 120, 240, and 360 min after MDMA treatment. Ethanol, food, and water intake were measured for the preceding 24 h. Further, to determine the effect of MDMA on alcohol metabolism rats were injected with 5.0 mg/kg MDMA or saline and 15 min later with 2.5 g/kg alcohol. Then, blood alcohol levels were determined at 1, 3, and 5 h after alcohol administration. Our results show that a single administration of 5.0 mg/kg MDMA significantly decreased ethanol intake in both FH and P rats and increased water intake. Subchronic administration of 5.0 mg/kg MDMA for 3 consecutive days significantly attenuated alcohol intake in both strains but only increased water intake in P rats. Administration of MDMA induced hyper- and hypothermia in FH and P rats, respectively. This drug failed to exert any significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of alcohol, indicating a central effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1992 Sep
PMID:Attenuation of alcohol consumption by MDMA (ecstasy) in two strains of alcohol-preferring rats. 135 75

Bilateral injection of naloxone (3.0-30.0 nmol) into the substantia nigra of morphine-dependent rats produced a withdrawal syndrome consisting of wet-dog shakes, teeth chattering, irritability to touch, diarrhea and hypothermia. Intense wet-dog shakes and grooming were observed after intranigral injection of the mu selective antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Try-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP, 3.0-30.0 nmol) in morphine-dependent animals. Body temperature after 30.0 nmol CTOP was significantly increased. A significant positive correlation between body temperature and wet-dog shakes was observed in morphine-dependent animals that received CTOP. Intranigral injection of beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA, 10.0 nmol), an irreversible mu antagonist, produced no signs of withdrawal in morphine-dependent animals. However, intranigral injection of beta-FNA (1.0-3.0 nmol) suppressed the antinociceptive effect of the mu-selective agonist, D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol-enkephalin (DAGO, 1.0 nmol). The withdrawal syndrome produced by CTOP (10.0 nmol) was not suppressed by the administration of U50,488H (10.0 nmol), a kappa agonist, suggesting that the absence of an effect of beta-FNA was not due to its kappa agonist activity. Neither the delta-selective antagonist, naltrindole (NTI, 10.0 nmol) nor the kappa-selective antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI, 10.0 nmol) produced withdrawal. Only wet-dog shakes were observed when CTOP, NTI and nor-BNI (5 nmol each) were administered together into the nigra. These studies suggest an involvement of mu receptors in the nigra in the wet-dog shakes and thermoregulatory dysfunction that occur during withdrawal of morphine. However, the subtypes of opioid receptors in the nigra, that mediate the other signs of morphine withdrawal remain obscure.
Neuropharmacology 1992 Sep
PMID:Further studies of the role of opioid receptors in the nigra in the morphine withdrawal syndrome. 135 41

A 56-year-old woman with severe back pain and a cold, pulseless right extremity was admitted to our hospital. Angiogram revealed a type A aortic dissection extending from ascending aorta to the aortic bifurcation with no definite re-entry point. The false lumen gave origin to the right renal artery and the right external iliac artery was occluded. Therefore, a catheter was manipulated into the true lumen through a percutaneous right femoral artery approach, and was advanced into the false lumen through the right posterolateral wall of the dissecting aortic septum. Fenestration was then performed with fully dilated angioplasty balloon across the septum. Immediately after the procedure, the patient's symptoms improved. The day after the fenestration, replacement of the ascending aorta with 24 mm woven Dacron graft was followed under the deep hypothermia and the retrograde cerebral perfusion. The patient followed a satisfactory postoperative course and postoperative angiogram showed a complete closure of the entry at the ascending aorta and adequate revascularization of the right renal and external iliac arteries.
Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1992 Sep
PMID:[A case of acute A type aortic dissection with lower extremity ischemia--percutaneous fenestration of the aortic septum followed by ascending aortic graft replacement by open distal anastomosis and retrograde cerebral perfusion]. 140 90

Hypothermic patients commonly develop coagulopathy, but the effects of hypothermia on coagulation remain unclear because clinical laboratories routinely perform clotting tests only at 37 degrees C. Measurements of activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT), prothrombin times (PT), and thrombin times (TT) were performed on plasma from normothermic and hypothermic rats at a range of temperatures (25 degrees-37 degrees C) to assess the effects of hypothermia on apparent clotting factor levels and clotting factor activities. In general, clotting times were more severely prolonged when test temperatures were hypothermic than when body temperatures were hypothermic. Indeed, little to no prolongation resulted from body hypothermia alone. These findings reveal the observed disparity between clinically evident hypothermic coagulopathy and near-normal clotting studies. Clotting studies performed at 37 degrees C will not confirm hypothermic coagulopathy. These results indicate that the appropriate treatment for hypothermia-induced coagulopathy is rewarming rather than administration of clotting factors.
J Trauma 1992 Sep
PMID:The disparity between hypothermic coagulopathy and clotting studies. 140 19

L-Methionine-D,L-sulfoximine (MSO) intraperitoneally or intracerebroventricularly (third ventricle) injected at convulsant doses induced a hypothermia, primarily associated with a syndrome of ataxia, in the restrained rat maintained at an ambient temperature of 23 degrees C. Depletion of brain serotonin (5-HT) by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), p-chloroamphetamine (PCA), and d-fenfluramine (FFA) did not significantly modify the time course and magnitude of MSO-induced developing hypothermia but it enhanced abnormal motor behavior. Enhancement of 5-HT synthesis in MSO-submitted rats pretreated with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) (200 mg/kg, IP) alone or 5-HTP (100 mg/kg, IP) preassociated with carbidopa (10 mg/kg, IP) suppressed significantly hypothermia, but it did not greatly modify motor disturbances. In conclusion, the neurocytochemical processes initiating hypothermia following administration of MSO to the rat appear to be linked to a slowdown of the rate of brain 5-HT turnover, maybe at the level of the midbrain raphe nuclei.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1992 Sep
PMID:Possible link between brain serotonin metabolism and methionine sulfoximine-induced hypothermia and associated behavior in the rat. 140 1

C57BL/6J mice were given 5 weeks of voluntary wheel running and then studied for ethanol (EtOH) sensitivity as indicated by EtOH-induced hypothermia and loss of righting response (LORR) after 3.8 g/kg EtOH (20% w/v). Mice were assigned to wheel (free access to a running wheel in the home cage) or no wheel conditions, and wheel counts were monitored by a computer at 5-min intervals around the clock. In Experiment 1, duration of EtOH-induced LORR was assessed as amount of time required for the animal to right itself three times in a 30-s period, and body temperature was assessed by rectal probe. Wheel animals showed significantly shorter LORR and significantly less hypothermia at regaining the righting response than no wheel controls. In Experiment 2, temperature was assessed at 45 and 90 min after EtOH challenge. Baseline temperatures for wheel and no wheel animals did not differ, but wheel animals showed dramatic resistance to EtOH-induced hypothermia at both time points. Together with our earlier work, these results provide evidence that prior exercise can offset the effects of EtOH intoxication in several domains of EtOH sensitivity.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1992 Sep
PMID:Effects of exercise on ethanol-induced hypothermia and loss of righting response in C57BL/6J mice. 140 13


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