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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Intracerebroventricular administration of histamine to cats caused hypothermia followed by a rise in body temperature. 2-Methylhistamine caused a similar biphasic response, while 3-methylhistamine had no effect on body temperature and 4-methylhistamine produced a delayed hyperthermia. Some tolerance to the hypothermic activity developed when a series of closely spaced injections of histamine was given. 2. Doses of histamine and 2-methylhistamine which altered body temperature when given centrally were ineffective when infused or injected I.V. 3. Pyrilamine, an H1-receptor antagonist, prevented the hypothermic response to histamine. 4. Hypothermic responses to histamine at an environmental temperature of 22 degrees C were comparable to responses in a cold room at 4 degrees C in both resting animals and animals acting to depress a lever to escape an external heat load. A change in error signal from the thermostat could account for these results. However, lesser degrees of hypothermia developed when histamine was given to animals in a hot environment. In some, but not all animals, this smaller response could be attributed to inadequate heat loss in spite of maximal activation of heat-loss mechanisms. 5. The hyperthermic response to histamine was antagonized by central, but not peripheral, injection of metiamide, an H2-receptor antagonist. 6. The results indicate that histamine and related agents can act centrally to cause both hypothermia, mediated by H1-receptors, and hyperthermia, mediated by H2-receptors.
J Physiol 1976 Sep
PMID:Biphasic changes in body temperature produced by intracerebroventricular injections of histamine in the cat. 99 32

A case of aorticopulmonary fistula secondary to thoracic aortic aneurysm of syphilitic origin has been presented. Aneurysm involved the first portion of the ascending aorta and ruptured into the main pulmonary artery a few cm above the pulmonic valve. Two weeks after onset, the patient successfully operated upon under profound hypothermia with perfusion. Thirteen cases of this disease since 1943 were reviewed and we discussed briefly profound hypothermia as a useful technic for surgical correction of this condition.
Jpn Heart J 1976 Sep
PMID:Aorticopulmonary fistula. A case of successful repair with review of literature since 1943. 99 45

Rectral temperatures and feeding activity were measured in adult male rats every 30 min for 4 hr, then every 4 hr following daily s.c. injections at 08:00 or 20:00hr or saline or heroin. Initial heroin injections disrupted diurnal temperature and feeding rhythms: 5 mg/kg heroin HCl induced hyperthermia and abolished feeding for 2 hr; 20 mg/kg led to hypothermia, then hyperthermia and abolished feeding for 4 hr. By the 5th heroin day hyperthermia and increased feeding occurred in all groups with a shorter latency to onset. Total food intake was higher than on the 1st heroin day but the diurnal patterns remained disrupted. Changes in both diurnal rhythms again occurred on the 1st withdrawal day as hypothermia, sporadic feeding and hyper-irritability were observed. By the 5th withdrawal day diurnal temperature and feeding rhythms resembled those of the control period. Monitoring diurnal temperature and feeding patterns of rats reveals characteristic dose-related disruptions after heroin which are modified by repeated doses as tolerance develops and which eventually disappear on withdrawal.
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1976 Sep
PMID:Changes in diurnal temperature and feeding patterns of rats during repeated injections of heroin and withdrawal. 103 35

Neurophysiological, neurochemical and behavioral studies of the effects of ethanol on the nervous system have so far failed to identify specific, direct, primary mechnisms of action that may account for the typical pattern of alcohol intoxication in vivo. Electroencephalogram and evoked response studies indicate biphasic effects in the intact subject, which may correlate better with the level of arousal than with a specific drug action. Effects on spinal reflexes are also biphasic, probably representing the net result of direct influence on resting membrane potential, primary afferent depolarization, and neurotransmitter release. With the exception of its inhibitory effect on release of oxytocin, vasopressin and possibly other hypothalamic peptides, ethanol does not appear notably different in its spectrum of effects from a wide range of other hypnotics, anesthetics and minor tranquilizers. Interpretation of the findings is complicated by the fact that functional alteration of any given neuronal system by ethanol in vivo may reflect a) direct local action of ethanol on the cells under study, b) change in the input to those cells because of an action elsewhere in the nervous system, c) effects of ethanol metabolites, or d) indirect consequences of decreased blood flow, oxygen or metabolite supply, hormonal action, or hypothermia, due to disturbances of homeostasis in the whole body as a result of deep intoxication. To date, attempts to circmvent b, c and d by the study of brain tissue in vitro have shown consistent effects of ethanol only at concentrations well above those that are meaningful in vivo. Relatively specific patterns of action of different drugs in vivo may prove to be largely dependent on their customary rates and routes of administration, and on summation of minor differences in the dose-response curves with different types of neuron, even though the basic types of molecular action may be essentially similar.
Fed Proc 1975 Sep
PMID:Direct effects of ethanol on the nervous system. 109 39

A questionnaire was sent to all centres of cardiac surgery in the United Kingdom, enquiring into their current use of hypothermia. Moderate hypothermia without cardiopulmonary bypass and the Drew technique of profound hypothermia are becoming less popular, each technique being used in only two of the 30 centres which replied. Moderate hypothermia as an integral part of the cardiopulmonary bypass is used on occasions in 24 centres. Although some centres use moderate hypothermia out of habit, the main benefits from its use are considered to be the protection afforded to the myocardium and a greater safety margin in the event of technical difficulties. Profound hypothermia, usually induced by means of the pump oxygenator, followed by circulatory arrest is becoming increasingly popular for the correction of complex congenital anomalies in infants.
Br J Anaesth 1975 Sep
PMID:Current practice of hypothermia in British cardiac surgery. 110 17

Blood utilization in 400 consecutive adult patients undergoing a wide variety of cardiovascular operations requiring cardiopulmonary bypass was documented following institution of: 1) complete oxygenator hemodilution; 2) intraoperative phlebotomy and autologous transfusion; 3) infusion of residual oxygenator red cells; and 4) use of reconstituted frozen cells in patients whose blood type was uncommon. These techniques have resulted in an average utilization of 4.8 units of blood per adult patient. Fourteen patients required no blood at all and a total of 259 patients required less than 5 units of blood during their entire hospital course. Physiologic effects of this blood program and hemodilution were evaluated in ten patients and the results indicate that marked reduction of red cell mass by hemodilution with hypothermia and low flow perfusion is not detrimental to satisfactory whole blood oxygenation during open heart surgery.
Chest 1975 Sep
PMID:The effects of phlebotomy, hemodilution and autologous transfusion on systemic oxygenation and whole blood utilization in open heart surgery. 115 31

Hyperthermia has recently been recognized as a manifestation of hypoglycemia. We describe two episodes of hypoglycemia associated with nausea, vomiting, chills, and impaired consciousness which were followed by marked hyperthermia. We suggest that the hyperthermia may result from excessive reaction to preceding hypothermia caused by the hypoglycemia. We would like to alert the clinician to the possibility of a previous, severe hypoglycemic episode in any diabetic patient with hyperthermia and coma.
Diabetes 1975 Sep
PMID:Marked hyperthermia as a manifestation of hypoglycemia in long-standing diabetes mellitus. 115 46

Electrocardiographic and electron microscopic alterations in the myocardium were investigated in rats subjected to hypothermia with and without injection of dextran. Twenty-two animals were divided into four groups and studied. The first group of five rats served as the control group. The second group of six rats, which were subjected to total body hypothermia developed arrhythmia (from first degree atrioventricular block to complete heart block) at a mean rectal temperature of 18 degrees C., with prolongation of P,P-R, and QRS duration, as well as a marked separation of intercalated discs, articularly at the level of the fascia adherens. The third group of six rats was subjected to hypothermia and to an injection of dextran. The resulting threshold temperature tthe temperature at which the arrhythmia appeared) was lower (16 degrees C.) than in the preceding group (p less than 0.005), but neither advanced atrioventricular block nor remarkable subcellular structural changes developed. The fourth group of five rats was sacrificed 18 to 24 hours following recovery from hypothermia and, at that time, showed no significant electrocardiographic or electron microscopic alterations.
Lab Invest 1975 Sep
PMID:Myocardium of hypothermic rats with and without administration of dextran. Electrocardiographic and electron microscopic studies. 116 Mar 53

Acute renal failure occurred in association with cardiac surgery in 20 of 248 infants (8%). Hypotension, poor tissue perfusion, and hypoglycemia were the most important factors recognized in the pathogenesis and outcome of the ARF. However, many infants were extremely ill preoperatively. The most frequent operative procedures performed in the 20 patients were open-heart surgery with total correction under deep hypothermia and repair of coarctation of the aorta. Thirteen of the 20 infants with ARF died. The combination of a major operative procedure, cardiac failure, hypoglycemia, hypotension, and compromised renal function imposes important constraints in the treatment of hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, correction of acid-base distrubances, and the administration of fluids.
J Pediatr 1975 Sep
PMID:Acute renal failure: an important complication of cardiac surgery in infants. 116 17

A 10-month-old infant, the youngest patient thus far reported to have undergone successful correction of the developmental complex known as "parachute mitral valve," is presented. Severe mitral incompetence and aortic coarctation led to recurrent cardiac failure. Both anomalies were corrected in a one-stage procedure wherein the coarctation was resected under normothermia and the mitral valve replaced thereafter by a prosthesis employing deep hypothermia and total circulatory arrest. He made an uneventful recovery. Forty-two reported cases in the literature are reviewed and the pathologic and clinical features, diagnosis, natural history, and management briefly summarized.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1975 Sep
PMID:The parachute mitral valve complex. Case report and review of the literature. 116 37


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