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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on lipolytic processes in the blood and adipose tissue was studied. Rats treated with this antimetabolite showed a significant increase in serum glucose, FFA and glycerol level, as well as in the lipid mobilizing activity. On the other hand, the lipolytic activity of rat serum decreased when compared to control group. From these results it may be concluded that during hypothermia induced by administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose intracellular, but not intravascular, lipolysis is enhanced.
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PMID:Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on lipolytic processes in blood and adipose tissue of rat. 383 83

Elderly patients with accidental hypothermia (core temperatures 25.0-35.5 degrees C) have been studied to determine the effect of low temperature on energy metabolism. The respiratory exchange ratios were low (median 0.75). Concentrations of plasma glycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies were high, and, except in the case of glycerol, rose with the duration of the hypothermia. Plasma glucose concentrations were often high but extremely variable. Arteriovenous differences across the forearm showed net release of glycerol and extraction of ketone bodies. Despite the hypothermia the mean extraction ratios for acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate were very similar to published values in normal, fasting, euthermic subjects. It was concluded that, in agreement with other work showing inhibition of glucose utilization at low temperature, fat is the main fuel used at very low body temperatures.
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PMID:Fat metabolism in elderly patients with severe hypothermia. 664 43

The time-courses of liver glycogen, plasma glucose, lactate, alanine and glycerol concentrations in term and preterm rats undergoing hypothermia (30 degrees C) during the first 2 h after delivery have been studied. Hypothermia prevented liver glycogenolysis and the neonatal decrease of plasma glucose concentration in term and preterm rats during the first 2 h after delivery. Hypothermia decreased plasma glucose, lactate and alanine utilization but increased plasma glycerol concentration. These results suggest that hypothermia blunts the utilization of the main metabolic substrates but increases brown adipose tissue lipolysis for thermogenesis.
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PMID:Prematurity in the rat. II. Effect of hypothermia. 736 59

1. Plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, amino acids, non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, ketone bodies, insulin and cortisol were measured in 43 elderly patients with hypothermia. In 15 of these patients forearm arteriovenous differences were also measured. Core temperatures ranged from 25.9 to 35.5 degrees C. 2. The metabolic state was of mobilization of glycogen and triacylglycerol stores, with high plasma concentrations of lactate and lipid metabolites. The plasma concentration of glucose was raised in those with hypothermia of a short duration (less than 6 h). In other patients it was low in those with core temperatures around 30 degrees C, but below this temperature it was variable and often high. Concentrations of other metabolites or hormones were not related to core temperature. 3. Plasma concentrations of cortisol were high and positively correlated with those of lactate and glycerol, suggesting active involvement in stimulation of muscle glycogenolysis and of lipolysis. 4. Plasma concentrations of insulin ranged from very low to very high and appeared to depend on the concentrations of both glucose and alanine. 5. Arteriovenous differences were generally small. There was peripheral release of lactate and of amino acids but no overall peripheral uptake of glucose. In nine out of 15 patients there was a significant peripheral release of glucose.
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PMID:Metabolic aspects of hypothermia in the elderly. 747 42

Isocapnic dry gas hyperventilation provokes hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs by releasing tachykinins from airway sensory C-fiber neurons. It is unknown whether dry gas hyperpnea directly stimulates C-fibers to release tachykinins, or whether this physical stimulus initiates a mediator cascade that indirectly stimulates C-fiber tachykinin release. We tested the hypotheses that mucosal hypothermia and/or hyperosmolarity--physical consequences of airway heat and water loss imposed by dry gas hyperpnea--can directly stimulate C-fiber tachykinin release. Neurons isolated from neonatal rat dorsal root ganglia were maintained in primary culture for 1 wk. Cells were then exposed for 30 min at 37 degrees C to graded concentrations of NaCl, mannitol, sucrose, or glycerol (0-600 mOsm) added to isotonic medium, or to isotonic medium at 25 degrees C without or with 462 mOsm mannitol added. Fractional release of substance P (SP) was calculated from supernatant and intracellular SP contents following exposure. Hyperosmolar solutions containing excess NaCl, mannitol, or sucrose all increased fractional SP release equivalently, in an osmolarity-dependent fashion. In marked contrast, hypothermia had no effect on fractional SP release under isotonic or hypertonic conditions. Thus, hyperosmolarity, but not hypothermia, can directly stimulate tachykinin release from cultured rat sensory C-fibers. The lack of effect of glycerol, a solute which quickly crosses cell membranes, suggests that neuronal volume change represents the physical stimulus transduced by C-fibers during hyperosmolar exposure.
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PMID:Hypertonicity, but not hypothermia, elicits substance P release from rat C-fiber neurons in primary culture. 753 64

Managing alertness of soldiers during sustained operations is a source of serious concern for military unit commanders. A frequently employed strategy is to induce sleep before an operation, especially operations requiring prolonged travel. Sleep-inducing drugs could have an action on thermoregulation through their effect on alertness and a possible direct effect on the brain. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of a commonly prescribed triazolam (Halcion) on thermoregulatory responses to cold-water immersion. Eight subjects were immersed twice in 18 degrees C water for up to 90 min in the morning; once after ingesting 0.25 mg triazolam (TRZ) the prior evening, and again after placebo (PLB) treatment. There were no significant differences between trials for mean duration of the immersion, the change in rectal temperature and mean skin temperature. Total metabolic heat production was similar for both conditions: 767 +/- 107 vs. 781 +/- 105 kj.m-2 for TRZ and PLB, respectively. The results should be considered in light of a large variation among the subjects in sensitivity to TRZ, which was unrelated to biometrical characteristics such as surface area-to-mass ratio, lean body mass, % body fat, and physical fitness. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend for a smaller increase in plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations after water immersion with TRZ. The results suggest that the ingestion of a single dose of triazolam 11 h prior to a cold-water immersion is not likely to accelerate the rate of onset of hypothermia. Individual sensitivity, however, may predispose some sensitive subjects to negative effects in this regard.
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PMID:Effect of triazolam on responses to a cold-water immersion in humans. 757 14

In ten patients we treated with distal arch aneurysms exposed through left posterolateral incisions, we induced profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Before circulatory arrest, thiopental, nicardipine and glycerol were used to protect the brain. The brain function was objectively evaluated through continuous recording of EEG and PO2 tension of the internal jugular vein. A cardiopulmonary bypass was introduced via the left atrium, pulmonary artery and left femoral artery cannulation. After proximal anastomosis between the graft and transverse aorta, graft cannulation was added. The distal aortic arch was replaced in all patients, with the entire descending thoracic aorta additionally replaced in two. No patients died in hospital. Two suffered neurological deficit, i.e., one having slight memory impairment and the other having a left-sided stroke due to right cerebral infarction, but recovering completely within a week. Our results indicate that profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest can be implemented safely when treating patients with distal arch aneurysm.
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PMID:[The treatment of patients with distal arch aneurysms--hypothermic circulatory arrest and left posterolateral exposure]. 759 44

2-Arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-Ara-GI) has been isolated from various tissues and identified as an endogenous ligand for both cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. Here we report that in spleen, as in brain and gut, 2-Ara-GI is accompanied by several 2-acyl-glycerol esters, two major ones being 2-linoleoyl-glycerol (2-Lino-Gl) and 2-palmitoyl-glycerol (2-Palm-Gl). These two esters do not bind to the cannabinoid receptors, nor do they inhibit adenylyl cyclase via either CB1 or CB2; however, they significantly potentiate the apparent binding of 2-Ara-Gl and its apparent capacity to inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Together these esters also significantly potentiate 2-Ara-Gl inhibition of motor behavior, immobility on a ring, analgesia on a hot plate and hypothermia caused by 2-Ara-Gl in mice. 2-Lino-Gl, but not 2-Palm-GI, significantly inhibits the inactivation of 2-Ara-Gl by neuronal and basophilic cells. These data indicate that the biological activity of 2-Ara-Gl can be increased by related, endogenous 2-acyl-glycerols, which alone show no significant activity in any of the tests employed. This effect ('entourage effect') may represent a novel route for molecular regulation of endogenous cannabinoid activity.
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PMID:An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity. 972 Oct 36

Isolated rat hepatocytes were suspended and stored in either Liebovitz-15 medium (37 degrees C or 4 degrees C) or University of Wisconsin (UW) solution (4 degrees C) containing [(3)H] arachidonic acid (AA). At varying times, membrane phospholipids were separated by thin layer chromatography. AA labeled phospholipids similarly at both 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Analysis of the ratios of [(3)H] AA and [(14)C] glycerol incorporated into phosphatidic acid or other phospholipids in dual-labeled cells indicated that the deacylation/reacylation cycle was the major route of AA incorporation at hypothermia. This was supported by showing that blocking phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity by trifluoperazine suppressed AA incorporation into phospholipids. PLA(2) activity, measured by determining the release of AA, was slow during 48-hour cold storage, but increased significantly when ATP was depleted by inhibition of mitochondria and glycolysis. In the whole rat liver, there was no significant loss of phospholipids during 48-hour storage (total phospholipids [micromol phosphorus/L/mg] : 0.197 +/-. 001 at 0 hours) unless energy blockers were used (0.155 +/-.005 at 48 hours) or glycogen depleted by fasting the rat (0.167 +/-.001 at 48 hours). This study shows that a net PLA(2) stimulated hydrolysis of phospholipids is seen only when ATP is depleted and its generation from anaerobic glycolysis inhibited. Thus, PLA(2) hydrolysis of phospholipids is not a significant cause of liver cell injury during cold storage when livers are obtained in optimal condition. However, conditions affecting the generation of ATP during cold storage could alter PLA(2) leading to membrane damage.
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PMID:Phospholipid metabolism of hypothermically stored rat hepatocytes. 1053 45

Two types of endogenous cannabinoid-receptor agonists have been identified thus far. They are the ethanolamides of polyunsaturated fatty acids--arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide) is the best known compound in the amide series--and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, the only known endocannabinoid in the ester series. We report now an example of a third, ether-type endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether (noladin ether), isolated from porcine brain. The structure of noladin ether was determined by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and was confirmed by comparison with a synthetic sample. It binds to the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor (K(i) = 21.2 +/- 0.5 nM) and causes sedation, hypothermia, intestinal immobility, and mild antinociception in mice. It binds weakly to the CB(2) receptor (K(i) > 3 microM).
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PMID:2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether, an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. 1125 48


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