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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glucose production, pyruvate uptake and lactate production were taken as metabolic viability tests for isolated rat kidney tubules preserved in hypothermia. The results depend on the type of preservation solution used. Species specific serum is the only solution sustaining cellular metabolism at a normal level. Using Collins solution all viability parameters showed the lowest results. Addition of certain substrates to the Krebs-Henseledt solution improves metabolic viability.
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PMID:Effect of different preservation solutions and substrates on metabolic viability of kidney tubules. 61 69

Experiments with perfused rat livers have shown that rates of various metabolic processes are influenced by changes in temperature in different ways. Cytosolic processes exhibit a linear temperature dependence when plotted in an Arrhenius-diagram in the range between 37 degrees and 1 degree C. In contrast, processes which are bound to mitochondrial membranes show phase changes at 22 degrees C. Furthermore, with gluconeogenesis another phase was observed at 11 degrees C. After 24 hour of perfusion at 11 degrees C the livers produced more glucose from gluconeogenic precursors when perfused at 37 degrees C than after perfusion at 4 degrees C. The importance of the balance of metabolism during hypothermia is discussed by comparison with metabolism of poikilothermic animals.
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PMID:[Gluconeogenesis in perfused rat liver following preservation in various temperature ranges]. 61 10

Main energy substrates of brain--glucose and glycogen, key enzymes of their conversion--hexokinase, amylase and phosphorylase as well as main pathways of the carbohydrate utilization--respiration, glycolysis and pentosephosphate pathway were studied in rat brain at various phases of cooling. Phase alterations of metabolic reactions were observed in hypothermia. The hypothermia was accompanied by quantitative and qualitative alterations in relations between main metabolic pathways.
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PMID:[Interrelation of basic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in the brain during hypothermia]. 66 60

In three cases of severe hypophosphatemia profound coma was associated. Although the occurrence of hypophosphatemia appeared to coincide with a high rate of intravenous administration of glucose and water, two of the three patients had liver disease and the other had hypothermia. In two instances the neurologic status improved with intravenous phosphate therapy. These case reports emphasize the importance of early recognition and treatment of profound hypophosphatemia in critically ill patients.
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PMID:Hypophosphatemia associated with coma. 67 14

Cerebral metabolic and vascular effects of hypothermia (30 C) and deep pentobarbital anesthesia, separately and combined, were evaluated in 15 mongrel dogs. External cardiovascular support was not used, and mean arterial blood pressures remained greater than 60 torr. Normothermic deep pentobarbital anesthesia, characterized by an electroencephalographic (EEG) frequency of less than 1 Hz, was associated with 30% decreases in cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen (CMRO2) and glucose (CMRG) from lightly anesthetized control values. Hypothermia (30 C) alone caused similar decreases in CMRO2 and CMRG in the presence of an active EEG. The use of pentobarbital anesthesia and hypothermia combined achieved significantly greater (P less than 0.05) decreases in CMRO2 (70%) and CMRG (72%) from the control state. Cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) increased by 70% (P less than 0.05) during hypothermia and about 20% when pentobarbital was administered to normothermic dogs. In hypothermic animals the addition of pentobarbital had a minimal effect on CVR. No alteration in the oxygen-glucose or lactate-glucose index indicative of cerebral hypoxia occurred in any experimental group. This study indicates that barbiturates combined with hypothermia decrease cerebral metabolism to a greater extent than hypothermia or barbiturate alone. When cerebral hypometabolism is therapeutically necessary, barbiturates may be indicated as an adjunct to moderate hypothermia.
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PMID:Cerebral hypometabolism obtained with deep pentobarbital anesthesia and hypothermia (30 C). 68 36

To evaluate the importance of time, temperature, and cardioplegia on the ability of the canine myocardium to maintain functional and ultrastructural integrity following induced arrest, we studied 220 dogs by varying myocardial temperature (34 degrees, 24 degrees, and 11 degrees C.), arrest time (0 to 120 minutes), and cardioplegic agents. Change in left ventricular function (LVF) was defined as the arithmetic difference in the center of mass between prearrest and postarrest LVF curves and was expressed as percent recovery of left ventricular stroke work. Left ventricular biopsies were obtained for semiquantitative electron microscopic analysis. After 90 minutes of cross-clamping, only hearts protected with combined hypothermia (H) and potassium-induced cardioplegia (K) significantly recovered prearrest function (24 degrees C.--80 percent, 11 degrees C.--99 percent). Hypothermia (H) alone for 90 minutes was less protective (24 degrees C.--49 percent, 11 degrees C.--59 percent). H preserved 84 percent of function after 60 minutes and 91 percent after 45 minutes. Normothermic arrest resulted in only 39 percent return of function at 45 minutes but could be extended with potassium-induced cardioplegia(K) to 78 percent at 60 minutes and 54 percent at 90 minutes. The addition of procaine plus HK improved protection over HK alone (95 percent versus 80 percent) but by itself was not effective. Neither hydrocortisone nor pretreatment with glucose-insulin-potassium, branched chain amino acids, or propranolol increased the protective effect of HK plus procaine. Inadequately protected groups (normothermia or H without K) showed more myocytic and capillary endothelial damage than the HK groups. No technique of myocardial protection studied completely preserved LVF, but the combination of HK plus procaine resulted in maximal recovery of LVF following cross-clamping for up to 120 minutes.
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PMID:Effect of cross-clamp time, temperature, and cardioplegic agents on myocardial function after induced arrest. 70 64

A new colloid hyperosmolar solution with high concentrations of proteins, potassium, and glucose has been favorably compared with a crystalloid, intracellular, and hyperosmolar solution (Sacks II) for 24-hr hypothermic storage of ischemic and nonischemic canine kidneys. Sixty minutes of warm ischemia was overcome by all kidneys flushed with the colloid hyperosmolar solution. In four of six ischemic kidneys flushed with Sacks' solution the function returned to normal limits. Hypothermic storage (24 hr) without warm ischemia did not cause any deleterious effects on either one of the flushed group of kidneys. Thirty minutes of warm ischemia followed by 24-hr hypothermic storage was tolerated by most of the kidneys (83%) flushed with the colloid hyperosmolar solution and one-half of the kidneys flushed with the crystalloid hyperosmolar solution. Sixty minutes of warm ischemia and 24-hr hypothermic storage was detrimental to 50% of the kidneys flushed with the colloid hyperosmolar solution.
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PMID:Comparison of sacks and a new colloid hyperosmolar solution for hypothermic renal storage. 70 72

The livers of 20 pigs were preserved for up to 16 hours, applying hypothermia (4 degrees C) and hyperbaric oxygenation (3 ata). As a preparation solvent we used in one group the solution by Lie (17) which is rich in potassium and glucose, and in the other group the cryoprecipitated serum by Belzer (5). After 8 and 16 hours of preservation, the fine structure was examined light- and electronmicroscopically. After 8 hours of preservation, there were only little reversible changes in both groups. After 16 hours, both groups showed distinct changes of the endoplasmatic reticulum e. g. desorganisation, vesicular dilatation, and dissociation of the mural ribosomes. In addition, there were swellings of mitochondriae and Kupffer's cells. These changes were particularly distinct after preservation in cryoprecipitated serum. In this group a cellular depletion of glucogen was noticeable.
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PMID:[Swine liver ultrastructure following hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygenation preservation]. 70 10

Isolated rat liver was studied before, during, and after hypothermic perfusion at 5 C for 24, 48, or 72 hr with an acellular perfusate consisting of 7% bovine serum albumin in Kreb-Ringer buffer containing glucose, penicillin, and streptomycin. Bile production ceased at 5 C but resumed when the temperature was raised to 35 C. The rate of flow and the total amount produced was unaffected by 24 hr of hypothermia but decreased when the cooling period was extended to 48 and 72 hr. The data of other workers was used to show a correlation between bile flow and oxygen consumption by the liver. Cooling also caused the release of potassium into the perfusate but it was quickly reaccumulated after rewarming; however, the extent and rate of reaccumulation decreased as the cooling period increased, as did the ability of the livers to retain the ion. Urea synthesis did not cease after cooling and after rewarming, the rate of synthesis increased as the period of hypothermia was lengthened. The maximum concentration of urea in the perfusate was found when rewarmed livers had produced 200 mumol of urea but at this point, control livers had produced 280 mumol. The concentration of glucose in the perfusate of livers maintained at 35 C showed peaks at 2 and 9 to 10 hr after the start of perfusion. After cooling for 24 hr these peaks arose at 2 and 7 hr after rewarming, but with 48 hr of hypothermia, these peaks were higher and appeared at 2 and 4 hr. When the cooling period was extended to 72 hr, only a single peak was seen 2 hr after rewarming. These results suggest that rat liver can be cooled to 5 C for 24 hr with little effect on its functional characteristics but a marked decline becomes apparent when the cooling period is extended beyond 24 hr. None of the livers studied was transplanted after perfusion and it remains to be seen how the functional tests conducted in vitro correlate with the ability of the livers to support life.
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PMID:Maintenance of the functional state of isolated rat liver by hypothermic perfusion with an erythrocyte-free medium. 83 68

Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was studied in 8 patients who underwent open-heart surgery with the aid of extracorporeal circulation. Hyperglycemia was observed during perfusion. Despite the high glucose levels during perfusion, insulin responses were depressed. A rise of insulin levels was observed one hour after perfusion, and at the same time the glucose levels dropped. Suppression of insulin secretion during perfusion may be the result of increased catecholamine secretion, induced hypothermia, or heparin administration. High levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and low levels of triglycerides were observed immediately before, during, and after perfusion while heparin was being utilized. This phenomenon was considered to be strongly affected by the use of heparin. The levels of growth hormone were depressed during perfusion but significantly elevated one hour after the end of perfusion. These phenomena may be caused by the fluctuations in glucose and NEFA levels.
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PMID:Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in open-heart surgery. 83 44


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