Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During 1969-77, 20 episodes of severe hypothermia occurred in 19 diabetic patients in Nottingham. Thirteen were associated with ketotic hyperosmolar coma, two with lactic acidosis, and one with hypoglycaemia, while in four there was no loss of diabetic control. Ketoacidosis accounted for 11.8% of all admissions for severe accidental hypothermia and was a commoner cause than hypothyroidism (8%). Patients with ketoacidosis were younger and developed hypothermia as often during the summer as during the winter. The metabolic disturbance was characteristic, with severe acidosis (mean pH 7.04), a high blood glucose concentration (mean 56.6 mmol/l; 1020 mg/100 ml), and high plasma osmolality (mean 379.7 mmol (mosmol)/kg). Eight of the 13 episodes proved fatal. Hypothermia may aggravate ketoacidosis and complicate treatment and should be sought in all patients with severe diabetic coma.
 ...
PMID:Hypothermia: a complication of diabetic ketoacidosis. 10 2

The content of the free fatty acids, ketone bodies, total glycogen, glucose, adrenaline and noradrenaline and morpho-histochemical picture of the tissues of neuro-endocrinal system (hypophysis and adrenal) in the brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscles and blood of the white non-linear rats, were studied 2-3 min adaptation to complex atmosphere changes: gradual increase of the CO2, decrease of the O2, and cooling (in the condition of deep hypothermia the rectal temperature was--RT--19.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C). The same parameters were studied in 48 hrs after the same training (at normothermia) and in 2-3 min. after the same repeated training in 48 hrs after the first one, at RT--20.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C. The fluctuating character of the metabolism and of the regulating systems was shown.
 ...
PMID:[Character of metabolism and regulating role of cholinoreactive tissue systems during hypercapnia, hypoxia and cooling]. 19 72

The influence of elevated and reduced body temperatures upon the metabolic state of the brain was evaluated from the tissue concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr) ATP, ADP and AMP and from the concentrations of glucose, lactate and pyruvate in immobilized and artificially ventilated rats anesthetized with 70% N2O. The results were compared to the results obtained in normothermic animals. It was found that rats with body temperatures of 32 degrees and 22 degrees C had the same brain tissue concentrations of high energy phosphates and the same adenylate energy charge as the controls, but hypothermia led to a progressive decrease of both cerebral and arterial lactate and pyruvate concentrations. A metabolic acidosis but no excess lactate appeared in the blood. At a body temperature of 42 degrees C, the metabolic pattern in the brain agreed with a state of hypoxia at a time when there was no sign of substrate depletion. Arterial blood showed excess lactate which may indicate an inadequacy of the oxygen supply also to other tissues.
 ...
PMID:Effects of hypothermia and hyperthermia on brain energy metabolism. 24 Nov 93

In a prospective study, patients who had an ejection fraction of 40% or more and who were undergoing elective coronary artery operation were randomly divided into three groups that differed in the method of anaerobic substrate enhancement during cardiopulmonary bypass. Group 1, the controls (n = 157), received no additional glucose, insulin, and potassium solutions and experienced immediate spontaneous defibrillation (10%), transmural myocardial infarction (10.3%), malignant ventricular arrhythmias (26%), and severe atrial arrhythmias (20%). Group 2 (n = 120) received a bolus of hypertonic glucose, insulin, and potassium in the pump perfusate before aortic cross-clamping. In this group, the rate of spontaneous defibrillation was 41%, of transmural infarction, 8.3%, of malignant ventricular arrhythmias, 31%, and of severe atrial arrhythmias, 19%. Group 3 (n = 114) had the aortic root continuously infused with glucose, insulin, and potassium solution at 4 degrees C during aortic cross-clamping. This group was significantly improved; the rate of spontaneous defibrillation was 60%, there were no transmural myocardial infarctions and the incidence of severe atrial arrhythmias was 6% and that of malignant ventricular arrhythmias, 5%. It is proposed that the superior clinical results in Group 3 resulted from better myocardial preservation achieved by more efficient means of providing continuous anaerobic substrate, coronary washout, and elution of lactic acidosis, uniform global hypothermia, and direct supplemental myocardial potassium in addition to mere cardioplegic effects.
 ...
PMID:Reduction of intraoperative myocardial infarction by means of exogenous anaerobic substrate enhancement: prospective randomized study. 31 65

The authors analyze the results of 220 applications of internal cold cardioplegia in 136 patients with ischaemic heart disease, treated surgically by aortocoronary bypass. The operation was performed under neuroleptanalgesia and artificial circulation with hypothermia (27.9 +/- 0.2 degrees C) and haemodilution (24.9 +/- 0.3%). On the basis of clinical examination, electron microscopy of the myocardial ultrastructure, and investigation of the myocardial metabolism (contents of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, catecholamines, and oxygen in arterial and venous blood flowing out of the myocardium), they come to the conclusion that internal cold cardioplegia efficiently protects the myocardium during aortocoronary bypass and secures favourable conditions for the development of anastomoses between coronary arteries and venous shunts.
 ...
PMID:Myocardial protection during aortocoronary bypass. 31 79

A basic understanding of fetal nutrition and metabolism is essential in the clinical management of the obstetric patient. The fetus depends upon a constant infusion of glucose for energy production and growth. Maternal glucose is the prime source of this nutrient. Alterations in maternal carbohydrate homeostasis will lead to changes in fetal metabolism. In diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia may produce hyperinsulinemia and macrosomia. The growth-retarded fetus may have a decreased supply of maternal glucose and reduced amounts of hepatic glycogen and adipose tissue. The fetus must depend upon these stores for survival during periods of intrauterine hypoxia. In the newborn period, hypothermia and hypoxia may rapidly deplete energy reserves. With this information, the clinician may more knowledgeably manage dietary demands in the antepartum patient, fetal distress during labor, and the immediate newborn period.
 ...
PMID:Fetal carbohydrate metabolism: its clinical importance. 31 3

Some of the barriers to successful lung transplantation include the lack of acceptable methods for ischemic protection and the absence of reliable systems for preservation. The lung response to 60 minutes of warm ischemia basically consists of alveolar-capillary edema and disruption, mitochondria swelling, interstitial hemorrhage, significantly depressed pulmonary function, elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance, and considerable drop in levels of glucose, phospholipids, and adenosine triphosphate. The tolerance to warm ischemia increases to several hours with the use of different systems of ventilatory assistance with or without positive end-expiratory pressure. Several methods of preservation have been attempted: hypothermia, hyperbaria, and hypothermic pulsatile or nonpulsatile perfusion. Hypothermic pulsatile perfusion appears to offer longer periods of protection than the other methods. Longer periods of ischemia and extended preservation may be made possible by advances in the use of drug protection during warm ischemia and the utilization of intracellular colloid or noncolloid solutions for hypothermic storage or hypothermic pulsatile perfusion.
 ...
PMID:Lung preservation techniques. 32 20

Mice infected with a standard challenge of Salmonella typhimurium manifest a number of changes associated with endotoxemia. These changes result in profound alterations in the nutritional and metabolic status of the host. Food and water intake approaches levels of total inanition, blood glucose declines more rapidly than in fasted controls, hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (the enzyme that is rate limiting in gluconeogenesis) shows diminished activity and loss of cortisol inducibility, and hypothermia, rather than hyperthermia, becomes acute. These changes occur at a time when bacteremia is first demonstrable. This occurs on the 3rd day after infection under the conditions employed. Death occurs in most mice within the next 24 to 48 hr. Mice vaccinated with a highly immunogenic ribosomal preparation and subsequently infected with the standard number of organisms did not manifest the above changes. Other work from this laboratory has established that effects of the type described are elicited by bacterial endotoxin as a result of mediating substances released into the blood by cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Presumably these substances appear in blood of infected mice as well.
 ...
PMID:Nutritional effects of salmonellosis in mice. 32 66

Extracorporeal circulation has been reported to produce abnormalities of glucose, metabolism. Pancreatic endocrine function and peripheral glucose utilisation were studied in 11 nondiabetic patients who underwent myocardial revascularization. Nonpulsatile flow with hemodilution and moderate hypothermia to 28 degrees C were used in each case. Following the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass, serum glucose values rose rapidly to a mean of 972 mg/dl (54.0 mmol/l) and were associated with high circulating concentrations of insulin in the range of 216 microU/ml [1549.8 pmol/l]. High circulating concentrations for both insulin and glucose were maintained throughout the bypass period. These returned to normal postoperatively when the patient was in the recovery room. The results of this study indicate that both the pancreatic endocrine response and the peripheral utilization of glucose are impaired during cardiopulmonary bypass with hemodilution and moderate hypothermia to 28 degrees C.
 ...
PMID:Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia on pancreatic endocrine function and peripheral utilization of glucose. 37 70

The effect of glucose on the release of insulin from the pancreas of 19.5- to 21.5-day-old rat fetuses has been studied in utero. Fetal hyperglycemia was induced by a square-wave glucose infusion into pregnant rats over a period of 150 min. The infusion of glucose raised the fetal blood glucose concentration to that of the mother and induced a rapid increase of plasma insulin levels on day 19.5 of gestation. There was a progressive rise of the insulin response as the gestation proceeded, with an increase of the two phases of the hormonal secretion. Maternal hypothermia induced by pentobarbital anesthesia decreased markedly the insulin response to hyperglycemia in the mothers and their fetuses. In fetuses decapitated on day 18.5 and studied on day 21.5, the increase of plasma insulin concentration after a 1-hour hyperglycemia was similar to that in the littermate control fetuses.
 ...
PMID:Dynamics of glucose-induced plasma insulin increase in the rat fetus at different stages of gestation. Effects of maternal hypothermia and fetal decapitation. 38 63


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>