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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acid-base terminology including the sue of SI units is reviewed. The historical reasons why nomograms have been particularly used in acid-base work are discussed. The theoretical basis of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is considered. It is emphasized that the solubility of CO2 in plasma and the apparent first dissociation constant of carbonic acid are not chemical constants when applied to media of uncertain and varying composition such as blood plasma. The use of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation in making hypothermia corrections for PCO2 is discussed. The Astrup system for the in vitro determination of blood gases and derived parameters is described and the theoretical weakness of the base excess concept stressed. A more clinically-oriented approach to the assessment of acid-base problems is presented. Measurement of blood [H+] and PCO2 are considered to be primary data which should be recorded on a chart with in vivo CO2-titration lines (see below). Clinical information and results of other laboratory investigations such as plasma bicarbonate, PO2,P50 are then to be considered together with the primary data. In order to interpret this combined information it is essential to take into account the known ventilatory response to metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, and the renal response to respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. The use is recommended of a chart showing the whole-body CO2-titration points obtained when patients with different initial levels of non-respiratory [H+] are ventilated. A number of examples are given of the use of this [H+] and PCO2 in vivo chart in the interpretation of acid-base data. The aetiology, prognosis and treatment of metabolic alkalosis is briefly reviewed. Treatment with intravenous acid is recommended for established cases. Attention is drawn to the possibility of iatrogenic production of metabolic alkalosis. Caution is expressed over the use of intravenous alkali in all but the severest cases of metabolic acidosis. The role of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on tissue oxygenation is stressed and use of intravenous sodium phosphate as an alternative to intravenous bicarbonate is mentioned.
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PMID:The physiological assessment of acid-base balance. 23 27

Experiments were made using 47 mongrel dogs under normo-and hypothermic perfusion employing the DeWall-Lillehei and Kay-Cross oxygenator. The purpose of this study is to find the ideal method of extracorporeal circulation as an adjunct of cardiac surgery. In this report, the changes of acid-base balance, serum electrolytes and S-GOT during perfusion were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1) In spite of the hypothermia, the changes of pH and buffer base in 10 degrees C hypothermic circulatory arrest indicated the gradual progress of the tissue metabolism. After the circulation restarted uncompensated metabolic acidosis without decrease of H2CO3 ensued. The circulatory arrest for 30 minutes in 10 degrees C hypothermia was thought to be hazardous to the preservation of life. 2) In case of ventricular fibrillation, hyperkalemia in the systemic venous blood was often found. It was also observed in the coronary venous blood. In accordance with the fact of hyperkalamia during anoxia, it is presumed that the cardiac anoxia is the important factor for the development of ventricular fibrillation. 3) The value of S-GOT in the arterial blood was not influenced by perfusion time, cardiac arrest and temperature, so far as the perfusion was performed smoothly. S-GOT was elevated when cardiotomy was carried out.
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PMID:[Studies on the extracorporeal circulation. Especially on changes in acid-base balance, serum electrolytes and S-GOT during rapid perfusion cooling (author's transl)]. 110 58

The synthesis and results of the pharmacologic assessment of new carbamic and carbonic acid esters with a stimulatory effect on the CNS are described. The structural analogues of carbamic acids are less toxic as compared to imipramine and to the respective derivatives of carbonic acid, and are also more active pharmacologically than some of the screening tests for antidepressant action. According to the test of antagonizing reserpine-induced hypothermia, the compounds coded 3a, 4a, 4c, 4d exert a stronger effect by comparison with that of imipramine.
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PMID:Synthesis and pharmacologic assessment of carbamic and carbonic acid esters with 1-aryl-3-dimethylamino-1-propanols. Part 3. 613 79