Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') administration to rats produces hyperthermia if they are housed in normal or warm ambient room temperature (Ta) conditions (>or=20 degrees C), but hypothermia when in cool conditions (Ta<or=17 degrees C). We have now investigated some of the mechanisms involved. MDMA (5 mg kg(-1) i.p.) produced a rapid decrease in rectal temperature in rats at Ta 15 degrees C. This response was blocked by pretreatment with the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist remoxipride (10 mg kg(-1) i.p.), but unaltered by pretreatment with the D1 antagonist SCH23390 (1.1 mg kg(-1) i.p). MDMA (5 mg kg(-1)) did not alter the tail temperature of rats at Ta 15 degrees C, but decreased the tail temperature of rats at Ta 30 degrees C. A neurotoxic dose of MDMA (three doses of 5 mg kg(-1) given 3 h apart) decreased cortical and hippocampal 5-HT content by approximately 30% 7 days later. This lesion did not influence the rise in tail temperature when rats were moved from Ta 20 degrees C to 30 degrees C compared to nonlesioned controls, but did result in a lower tail temperature than that of controls when they were returned to Ta 24 degrees C. Acute administration of MDMA (5 mg kg(-1)) to MDMA-lesioned rats produced a sustained decrease in tail temperature in rats housed at Ta 30 degrees C compared to nonlesioned controls. These data suggest that the thermoregulatory problems previously observed in MDMA-lesioned rats housed at Ta 30 degrees C result, partially, from their inability to lose heat by vasodilation of the tail, a major heat-loss organ in this species.
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PMID:Studies on the effect of MDMA ('ecstasy') on the body temperature of rats housed at different ambient room temperatures. 1599 30

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") is a popular drug that is often taken under hot conditions at dance clubs. High ambient temperature increases MDMA-induced hyperthermia and recent studies suggest that high temperatures may also enhance the rewarding and prosocial effects of MDMA in rats. The present study investigated whether ambient temperature influences MDMA-induced expression of Fos, a marker of neural activation. Male Wistar rats received either MDMA (10 mg/kg i.p.) or saline, and were placed in test chambers for 2 h at either 19 or 30 degrees C. MDMA caused significant hyperthermia at 30 degrees C and a modest hypothermia at 19 degrees C. The 30 degrees C ambient temperature had little effect on Fos expression in vehicle-treated rats. However MDMA-induced Fos expression was augmented in 15 of 30 brain regions at the high temperature. These regions included (1) sites associated with thermoregulation such as the median preoptic nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamus and raphe pallidus, (2) the supraoptic nucleus, a region important for osmoregulation and a key mediator of oxytocin and vasopressin release, (3) the medial and central nuclei of the amygdala, important in the regulation of social and emotional behaviors, and (4) the shell of the nucleus accumbens and (anterior) ventral tegmental area, regions associated with the reinforcing effects of MDMA. MDMA-induced Fos expression was unaffected by ambient temperature at many other sites, and was diminished at high temperature at one site (the islands of Calleja), suggesting that the effect of temperature on MDMA-induced Fos expression was not a general pharmacokinetic effect. Overall, these results indicate that high temperatures accentuate key neural effects of MDMA and this may help explain the widespread use of the drug under hot conditions at dance parties as well as the more hazardous nature of MDMA taken under such conditions.
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PMID:High ambient temperature increases 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy")-induced Fos expression in a region-specific manner. 1728 73

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') produces acute hyperthermia which increases the severity of the selective serotoninergic neurotoxicity produced by the drug in rats. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a major inducible cellular protein expressed in stress conditions and which is thought to exert protective functions. MDMA (12.5 mg/kg, i.p.), given to rats housed at 22 degrees C, produced an immediate hyperthermia and increased Hsp70 in frontal cortex between 3 h and 7 days after administration. MDMA, given to rats housed at low ambient temperature (4 degrees C) produced transient hypothermia followed by mild hyperthermia but no increase in Hsp70 expression, while rats treated at elevated room temperature (30 degrees C) showed enhanced hyperthermia and similar expression of Hsp70 to that seen in rats housed at 22 degrees C. Fluoxetine-induced inhibition of 5-HT release and hydroxyl radical formation did not modify MDMA-induced Hsp70 expression 3 h later. Four- or 8-day heat shock (elevation of basal rectal temperature by 1.5 degrees C for 1 h) or geldanamycin pre-treatment induced Hsp70 expression and protected against MDMA-induced serotoninergic neurotoxicity without affecting drug-induced hyperthermia. Thus, MDMA-induced Hsp70 expression depends on the drug-induced hyperthermic response and not on 5-HT release or hydroxyl radical formation and pre-induction of Hsp70 protects against the long-term serotoninergic damage produced by MDMA.
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PMID:Evidence for a role of Hsp70 in the neuroprotection induced by heat shock pre-treatment against 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine toxicity in rat brain. 1732 12