Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experiments set up on mice demonstrated that galanthamine, hydrobromide, physostymine salicilate and iodomethylate produce a fall of the renal temperature, the hypothermal effect being proportional to the suppression of the cerebral cholinesterase. Anticholinergics benactyzine and atropine were largely capable of preventing hypothermia produced by the introduction of galathamine hydrobromide, the latter increasing the resistance of the animals to the action of high temperature.
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PMID:[Mechanism of the hypothermic action of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors]. 122 97

The presence of m-anticholinergic properties in ftoratsizin was confirmed in experiments of rats. Ftoratsizin was found to possess the ability of preventing galanthamine-induced hypothermia. Unlike ftoratsizin, amizil exhibited an incomplete and transient antagonistic effect towards galanthamine (within an hour) not depending on the dose.
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PMID:[Duration of the antihypothermic action of the antidepressant ftoratsizin in galanthamine-induced hypothermia]. 360 67

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors from several chemical classes have been tested for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease; however, the therapeutic success of these compounds has been limited. Recently, another AChE inhibitor, galanthamine hydrobromide (GAL), has shown increased clinical efficacy and safety. Using biochemical, behavioral and pharmacokinetic analyses, this report compares GAL with two of its analogs, 6-O-acetyl-6-O-demethylgalanthamine hydrochloride (P11012) and 6-O-demethyl-6-O[(adamantan-1-yl)-carbonyl]galanthamine hydrochloride (P11149), for their therapeutic potential. P11012 and P11149 were found to be potent, competitive and selective inhibitors of AChE, demonstrating central cholinergic activity, behavioral efficacy and safety. P11012 and P11149, though pharmacokinetic analyses, were shown to act as pro-drugs, yielding significant levels of 6-O-demethylgalanthamine. In vitro, 6-O-demethylgalanthamine was 10- to 20-fold more potent than GAL as an inhibitor of AChE, and it demonstrated greater selectivity for inhibition of AChE vs. butyrylcholinesterase. Like GAL, both P11012 and P11149 showed central cholinergic activity biochemically, by significantly inhibiting rat brain AChE; physiologically, by causing hypothermia; and behaviorally, by attenuating scopolamine-induced deficits in passive avoidance. In addition, GAL, P11012 and P11149 enhanced step-down passive avoidance, another measure of behavioral efficacy. By comparing efficacious doses with primary overt effects, P11012 and P11149 had better oral therapeutic indices than GAL. Oral pharmacokinetic analyses of GAL, P11012 and P11149 revealed differences. Although P11012 and P11149 exhibited similar area under the curve values, 191149 had slower, lower and more sustained concentration maximum levels. P11012 and GAL rapidly reached their concentration maximums, but GAL, in brain had the highest area under the curve and concentration maximum. Because of its composite profile, including duration of action, oral therapeutic index and pharmacokinetics, P11149 is considered the better therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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PMID:Pharmacological evaluation of novel Alzheimer's disease therapeutics: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors related to galanthamine. 862 52

Diisopropylfluorophosphate exerts its toxic effect by irreversibly inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. This results in over-stimulation of central and peripheral cholinergic activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible preventive effects of acute treatment with reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine against the signs of cholinergic toxic syndrome provoked by diisopropylfluorophosphate, such as hypothermia, muscular fasciculations, oral dyskinesia and decreased locomotor performance in a rat model of intoxication. The effects of these two anticholinesterases on acetylcholinesterase activity and on the expression of mRNA of the immediate early response gene c-fos in the brain were assessed by histochemical acetylcholinesterase staining and by in situ hybridization, respectively. Diisopropylfluorophosphate induced rapidly progressing hypothermia, muscular fasciculations, oral dyskinesia and decreased locomotor performance. The increased cholinergic cortical and hippocampal activity due to irreversible acetylcholinerase inhibition were indicated by the increased c-fos mRNA autoradiographic signal and by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase staining, respectively. Galantamine by itself provoked transient and relatively weak inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase staining, while it did not induce increased c-fos mRNA expression or significant behavioural signs of cholinergic toxicity. Galantamine significantly reduced the rate of the onset, but not the maximal hypothermia induced by diisopropylfluorophosphate. Importantly, all the above-mentioned behavioural and neurochemical effects of diisopropylfluorophosphate were significantly reduced by galantamine. These results indicate that the acute pre-treatment with galantamine may have prophylactic effects against the intoxication by diisopropylfluorophosphate.
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PMID:Galantamine as a preventive of diisopropylphosphorofluoridate toxicity effects in rat brain. 2353 26