Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case is described of a neonate who suffered from withdrawal symptoms within 24 hours after birth as a result of the use of clomipramine by the mother during pregnancy. The symptoms consisted of increased irritability, alternating hyper- en hypotonia, hyperreflexia, cyanosis and hypothermia. He was treated with clonazepam with good result. Prescription of clomipramine during pregnancy should be restricted to specific cases and the doses should be kept as low as possible. Because the symptoms are withdrawal symptoms, phenobarbital should not be used as treatment, as it increases drug metabolism by the liver causing an even faster decrease of plasma concentrations of clomipramine. Clonazepam is the drug of choice.
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PMID:[Neonatal withdrawal symptoms following the use of clomipramine during pregnancy]. 143 66

Because hypothermia and anorexia were previously found to be more sensitive indices of the effects of lindane than were convulsions, these endpoints were used to quantify the ability of benzodiazepines (BDs) and phenytoin either to ameliorate or exacerbate the toxicity of lindane in the rat. After administration of lindane (40 or 50 mg/kg) in oil per os, toxicity was counteracted by phenytoin and the "central" BD agonists diazepam and clonazepam, but was worsened by Ro 5-4864 a "peripheral" BD agonist. Clonazepam and diazepam were each more effective in counteracting lindane-induced anorexia than in stimulating food intake, presumably because the animals had been fasted and probably even controls ate maximally when food was presented. Diazepam alone (3 injections in 1 day) produced withdrawal-induced decreased food intake the following day. Clonazepam and diazepam alone each transiently decreased colonic temperature, yet effectively blocked the more severe hypothermia produced by lindane. Ro 5-4864 by itself did not produce any measurable effects, yet exacerbated all of the effects, including lethal effects, of lindane. The present findings are compatible with other evidence that lindane and Ro 5-4864 act at the picrotoxinin receptor of the GABAA-activated chloride channel and that systemic administration of agents acting at this site may produce a constellation of effects, including seizures, hypothermia and anorexia.
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PMID:"Central" and "peripheral" benzodiazepines and kinetics of lindane-induced toxicity. 247 Dec 14

Compulsive gnawing was produced in mice by administration of either methylphenidate or (after sensitizing pretreatment with the neuroleptic, tetflutixol) apomorphine. Drugs which antagonise stereotypy, such as ceruletide (CER, a sulphated decapeptide related to cholecystokinin octapeptide), haloperidol, zuclopenthixol and fluphenazine were applied in equipotent doses (reducing stereotypy by 80%). Clonazepam, muscimol, clonidine and scopolamine (but not methylscopolamine) antagonized to a different extent the antistereotype effect of ceruletide and the neuroleptics. The ED50s for clonazepam and other drugs, were determined; clonazepam had the greatest potency. Regarding the antagonism of the antistereotype effect, ceruletide was similar to but by no means congruent with haloperidol. The antagonism of the antistereotype effect was specific because other effects of ceruletide and cholecystokinin octapeptide (inhibition of exploratory rearing activity, ptosis, antinociception, hypothermia) were not antagonized by clonazepam and only weakly modified by scopolamine. Methylscopolamine was ineffective throughout, indicating a central site for the mechanism of the actions studied of scopolamine. In conclusion, the antistereotype effect of ceruletide is different from that of conventional neuroleptic drugs and functionally independent of other behavioural effects of the cholecystokinin-like peptides.
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PMID:Antistereotype effects of ceruletide and some neuroleptics differentiated by interactions with clonazepam, muscimol, scopolamine and clonidine. 287 54

The aporphine alkaloids bulbocapnine, corytuberine, boldine and glaucine were studied in mice and compared with haloperidol, phenobarbital and morphine. All aporphines inhibited the exploratory rearing activity and elicited palpebral ptosis, catalepsy, hypothermia, and prolonged anesthesia by thiopental. They also reduced nociception (hot plate; phenylquinone-induced writhing) and (except for corytuberine) were anticonvulsant against harman and picrotoxin, but not against bicuculline and pentetrazol; corytuberine was proconvulsant. The aporphines (except for corytuberine) antagonized the apomorphine- and methylphenidate-induced stereotyped gnawing and also the apomorphine-induced climbing activity; corytuberine was prostereotypic. The antignawing effects (including those of haloperidol) were stronger when the antagonists were administered after the agonists (gnawing full-fletched) rather than before them: this led to the speculation of a metaphilic interaction at central site(s). Clonazepam inhibited the antistereotypic effect (vs apomorphine) more potently with the aporphines than with haloperidol. The antinociceptive effect (writhing) of the aporphines was, in contrast to that of morphine, resistant to both naloxone and yohimbine. The latter applied also to the antilicking action in the hot plate test; the antijumping effect of boldine was (like that of morphine) antagonized by both yohimbine and naloxone, whereas that of corytuberine was inhibited only by naloxone and that of bulbocapnine preferentially by yohimbine. Hence, opioid and adrenergic mechanisms are unequally involved in the antinociceptive effects of the aporphines. The present results also showed that licking and jumping (in the hot plate test) are pharmacologically different phenomena. In low doses, the aporphines and haloperidol antagonized the antinociceptive effect of morphine (hot plate); hence, these drugs may be considered partial agonists or partial antagonists, respectively.
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PMID:Neuroleptic-like, anticonvulsant and antinociceptive effects of aporphine alkaloids: bulbocapnine, corytuberine, boldine and glaucine. 290 79