Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With complex and extensive pharmacological effects, corticosteroids are widely used in many clinical situations. A survey conducted to define the role of corticosteroids in various settings of peri-operative and critical care gave strong evidence to support that the use of corticosteroid is absolutely indicated in patients with adrenal insufficiency, asthma, anaphylaxis, acute spinal cord injury, and increased ICP resulting from brain tumors. As the benefits of corticosteroids are much in evidence, their uses are recommended to extend to postoperative antiemesis, acute respiratory failure (such as ARDS, COPD, and fat embolism), increased ICP associated with brain abscess, thyroid storm, and refractory hypothermia. Beneficial effect could be expected in septic shock with high-dose corticosteroids. Despite extensive reports on their versatile usefulness, evidence-based review did not recommend the use of corticosteroids in increased ICP associated with traumatic head injury and cerebral infarct, cardiac arrest, post-extubation airway edema, and aspiration pneumonia due to poor effectiveness let alone further worsening of the conditions. Great caution must be taken in clinical situations where administration of corticosteroids is considered contraindicated such as systemic fungal infection, hypersensitivity to the drug, intramuscular injection in idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, vaccination with live virus.
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PMID:An evidence-based review on the use of corticosteroids in peri-operative and critical care. 1219 90

Elderly individuals are a fast-rising segment of the US population and are at high risk of permanent disability and premature death secondary to traumatic injuries such as burn injury. The current paper will review the extant literature to understand the prevalence of burn injury in the elderly, the neurocognitive complications unique to the aged that places this cohort at risk, and evidence-based recommendations to reduce the early and late neurocognitive effects of burn injury in the aged. The elderly are a high-risk population for burn injury and its neurological sequela. This risk, at least in part, reflects multiple factors: age-related changes in the central and peripheral nervous system; multiple pre-existing co-morbidities (such as dementia and COPD); polypharmacy; suboptimal social support; and increased susceptibility to hypothermia, burn-related infections, and electrolyte and metabolic dysregulations.
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PMID:Neurocognitive sequela of burn injury in the elderly. 3040 68