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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Beagle bitches were treated on days 20-22 of pregnancy with TPT as an aqueous solution administered subcutaneously via a minipump at a rate of 10 micrograms per hour for either 24 (I) or 48 hours (II). Additional animals received a single subcutaneous injection of 200 micrograms of TPT as an aqueous solution (III) or dissolved in polyethylene glycol 400 (IV) or the methyl ester of TPT dissolved in polyethylene glycol 400 (V). The duration of action was assessed by the nadir in circulating progesterone levels. By this criterion the duration of action in the different groups ranked I=III<II=IV<V, the nadir occurring at 2, 3 and 3-4 days post treatment, respectively. Duration of action correlated with the incidence of abortion. Salivation, emesis and diarrhea or hypothermia side effects, previously noted for this agent, were not affected by the manipulations of duration of action.
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PMID:Manipulation of duration of action of a synthetic prostaglandin analogue (TPT) assessed in the pregnant beagle bitch. 741 48

To increase the storage time of livers for transplantation, a better understanding of hypothermia-induced hepatocyte damage is necessary. To this end, we have characterized the effects of hypothermia on long-term function and cytoskeletal organization of hepatocytes cultured in the collagen sandwich configuration, which maintains the expression of liver-specific functions for several weeks. In these studies, cultured hepatocytes (maintained at 37 degrees C for 7 days) were exposed to 4 degrees C in Leibovitz-15 (L15), University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, or L15 supplemented with 2.5 g% polyethylene glycol (PEG) for various time periods followed by a return to normothermia. When L15 medium was used, the long-term albumin secretion rate of cultured hepatocytes was decreased by 50% after 4 h, and by 95% after 24 h of exposure to 4 degrees C. Amorphous precipitates of F-actin and fragmented short microtubules were also observed after 4 and 12 h of hypothermia, respectively. Similar results were obtained when hepatocytes were stored in UW solution. However, in L15 supplemented with PEG, no significant reduction in long-term albumin secretion rates and intact actin and microtubule morphology was observed even after 24 h of exposure to 4 degrees C. The membrane integrity and long-term albumin secretion of hepatocytes stored in the presence of PEG were decreased to approximately 50% only after 48 h of exposure to 4 degrees C. Thus, PEG may be a useful additive in preservation solutions for hepatocytes in hepatocyte-based liver support systems and for intact tissue as well.
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PMID:Effects of hypothermia on the function, membrane integrity, and cytoskeletal structure of hepatocytes. 765 72

Extended ischemia results in organ infarction which limits the availability of donor hearts. Hypothermic storage extends heart preservation by effectively stopping cellular metabolism, thereby preventing toxic accumulations of metabolic wastes and depletion of energy stores. However, cell swelling as a result of ion concentration changes and cell laceration due to ice crystal growth are consequences of hypothermic ischemia. Supercooling successfully preserves hearts for an extended time without associated myocardial necrosis. The efficacies of four supercooling preservative solutions, containing hypertonic glucose, polyethylene glycol, and or winter flounder antifreeze protein, are assessed using the Langendorff isolated organ perfusion apparatus and transmission electron microscopy. Polyethylene glycol seems the most effective in preventing myocardial necrosis possibly by dehydrating, minimizing cellular ice formation, protecting against cell swelling, and functioning as an antioxidant. Hypertonic glucose seems the most effective in reducing cell swelling; it may also depress solution freezing points, bind water, adjust both intra- and extracellular osmolarities, stabilize proteins, and assist in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Antifreeze protein seems to bind effectively to ice and inhibit its growth; it may also reduce membrane permeabilities to Ca2+ and K+ ions.
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PMID:The effects of supercooling chemicals on myocardial ultrastructure: a transmission electron microscopy case study. 767 97

For clinical use of bioartifical liver devices a constant supply of primary liver cells has to be provided. Hypothermic storage of isolated pig hepatocytes could support large-scale stocking of cells. Freshly isolated pig hepatocytes from slaughterhouse livers were stored at 4 degrees C for 24, 48, and 72 h three different solutions: Leibovitz L-15 + 5% polyethylene glycol (PEG), University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, and a simplified UW solution. After storage, cells were cultured for 2 weeks in the collagen sandwich configuration. Viability of hepatocytes was 65, 85, and 83% after 24 h storage, 21, 74, and 70% after 48 h, and 5, 65, and 59% after 72 h in Leibovitz L-15 medium, UW, and the simplified UW, respectively. After storage in L-15 medium, cells attached poorly to collagen matrices and exhibited ultrastructural lesions. Functional performance in this group, as judged by albumin secretion and cytochrome P450-dependent activity in subsequent culture, decreased rapidly as a function of storage time, with zero values after 48 h storage. In contrast, hypothermia of hepatocytes in both UW solutions resulted in well-preserved cells with respect to ultrastructural appearance, attachment rates, and functional performance during culture. No significant differences were observed between the original and the simplified UW solution. Higher cell concentrations up to 5 x 10(7) cells/ml improved viability of hepatocytes on warmup. In terms of cell supply for hybrid artificial liver support, hypothermic storage of hepatocytes at 4 degrees C could mean an alternative to the cryopreservation of cells, which usually results in a substantial loss of cells and vital function of cells. Thus, pig hepatocytes could be stored at 4 degrees C for several days and meet the logistical need of bioartificial liver devices while avoiding the hazards of cell freezing.
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PMID:Hypothernic storage of pig hepatocytes: influence of different storage solutions and cell density. 889 13

To assess the oxygen transport capacity and safety of Neo Red Cells (NRC) with the enzymatic reduction system of methemoglobin in vitro and in experimental animals. Stroma free hemoglobin (SFH) prepared without damage of enzymes from outdated human red blood cells, together with inositol hexaphosphate as an allosteric effector, NAD as a coenzyme and glucose, adenine and inosine as a substrate was encapsulated within liposomes composed of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, myristic acid and alpha-tocopherol in the ratio of 7:7:2:0.28 respectively. NRC thus prepared with a mean diameter of 220 nm, encapsulation efficiency of 1.3 g-Hb:1 g-lipid and P50O2 of 50-60 mmHg were then coated with polyethylene glycol bound to hydrogenated soy phosphatidylethanolamine as a surface modifier to prevent aggregation of NRC in plasma. The methemoglobin formation of the NRC with enzymatic reduction system were evaluated by in-vitro examination and exchange transfusion with rats as in-vivo examination, then the methemoglobin formation was reduced from 1%/hr to 0.4%/hr by the addition of methemoglobin reduction system. The generation of the pyruvate and the lactate were observed within the NRC with enzymatic reduction system, then the activation of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway was confirmed. And we concerned about the availability of the NRC as a perfusate for the cardiopulmonary bypass during moderate or profound hypothermia, then we evaluated the oxygen transporting efficiency and capacity of the NRC under the using of the artificial lung system in vitro examination. The present investigation suggest that the effectiveness of the NRC with enzymatic reduction system, they restrained the formation of methemoglobin and they are efficient oxygen carriers as a perfusate of the artificial lung, and we suggest the new extracorporeal circulation system using of the NRC as a perfusate for the cardiopulmonary bypass.
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PMID:Development of neo red cells (NRC) with the enzymatic reduction system of methemoglobin. 924 36

Peritoneal dialysis is a technique that has been used to treat acute renal failure in humans since 1923. Peritoneal dialysis is used in people to manage acute and chronic renal failure, as well as to remove dialyzable toxins (ethylene glycol, barbiturates, and ethanol), reduce severe metabolic disturbances, and for the treatment of peritonitis, pancreatitis, uroabdomen, hypothermia, and fluid overload. In veterinary medicine, acute renal failure is the prevailing indication for dialysis. This report will discuss the pathophysiology of peritoneal dialysis, indications, and contraindications. Catheter selection and placement will be reviewed. Types of dialysate solution will be discussed and the protocol established for instituting peritoneal dialysis. The report will conclude with a discussion of potential complications and methods to minimize them.
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PMID:Peritoneal dialysis in emergency and critical care medicine. 1110 14

Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass alters platelet function and hypothermia is associated with postoperative myocardial ischemia. Thrombogenic surfaces such as extracorporeal circuits, vascular graft materials, and components of atherosclerotic plaque induce activation of platelets. The effects of human hemoglobin (Hb) covalently modified to carry S-nitric oxide (NO) functional groups (SNO-Hb), polyethylene glycol (PEG-Hb), and SNO-PEG-Hb on platelet activation were studied. Platelet activation was assessed by cytometric analysis of GPIIb-IIIa activation and P-selectin expression at hypothermic condition (22 degrees C) after stimulation with Hb derivatives. Platelet adhesion and aggregation were measured in a parallel glass plate chamber coated with unmodified Hb, SNO-Hb, PEG-Hb, SNO-PEG-Hb, and collagen. Platelet binding of antibodies to GPIIb-IIIa and P-selectin was significantly enhanced by hypothermic condition and by unmodified Hb. There was significantly less platelet binding of antibodies to GPIIb-IIIa and P-selectin with SNO-Hb, PEG-Hb, and SNO-PEG-Hb compared with unmodified Hb. There was significantly less platelet attachment, adhesion, and aggregation on the SNO-Hb, PEG-Hb and SNO-PEG-Hb coated surfaces compared with unmodified Hb-coated and -uncoated surfaces. SNO-Hb, PEG-Hb, and SNO-PEG-Hb induced less platelet activation at hypothermic temperature, and induced less platelet adhesion and aggregation on thrombogenic surfaces compared with unmodified Hb. The inhibitory effect may be derived from antiadhesive properties of Hb, antiplatelet actions of NO, and molecular barrier action of PEG.
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PMID:Attenuation of hypothermia-induced platelet activation and platelet adhesion to artificial surfaces in vitro by modification of hemoglobin to carry S-nitric oxide and polyethylene glycol. 1115 32

Preservation of the heart for transplantation after infusion of cardioplegia and extirpation of a cardiac allograft results in an ischemic insult to the myocardium. This ischemic insult may lead to a loss of function in the transplanted heart. Hypothermic perfusion preservation with an oxygen hemoglobin carrying solution may avert ischemic injury and lead to improved recovery of cardiac function. The purpose of this study was to compare cardiac function after 8 hours of continuous hypothermic perfusion with a unique polyethylene-glycol-hemoglobin (PEG-Hb) solution to hearts preserved by 4 hours of hypothermic ischemic storage. Freshly extirpated hearts served as functional controls. The hearts of 26 anesthetized and intubated New Zealand white rabbits were harvested after cold cardioplegic arrest. Group I (n = 12) hearts were perfused with a PEG-Hb solution at 20 degrees C and 30 mm Hg for 8 hours. PO2 was maintained > or = 500 mm Hg. Group II (n = 7) hearts were preserved by cold ischemic storage for 4 hours at 4 degrees C. Group III (n = 7) were tested immediately after harvest. Left ventricular (LV) function was measured in the nonworking state at 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours after transfer to a standard crystalloid Langendorff circuit. Measurement of LV developed pressure, peak + dP/dt and -dP/dt revealed a superior trend between Group I and Group II hearts in comparison with freshly extirpated hearts. Heart rate was similar among all groups throughout testing (p = ns). Coronary blood flow was not significantly different between groups. Continuous perfusion preservation of rabbit hearts for 8 hours with PEG-Hb solution at 30 mm Hg and 20 degrees C yielded LV function that was similar to 4 hours of ischemic hypothermic storage. Furthermore, return of cardiac function after 8 hours of perfusion preservation using this PEG-Hb solution may be superior to that obtained in freshly extirpated hearts. These data suggest that some recovery of myocardial function may occur during perfusion preservation with this PEG-Hb solution after the ischemic insult of cardioplegic arrest. Continuous perfusion preservation using this PEG-Hb solution deserves further investigation in large animal transplant models.
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PMID:Recovery of cardiac function after standard hypothermic storage versus preservation with Peg-hemoglobin. 1137 56

This ethylene glycol poisoning case had a blood pH of 6.58 and severe hypothermia (30.9 C). The patient received supportive care with dialysis and ethanol therapy. He survived in his premorbid state after 23 days in the hospital. A similar case survived ethylene glycol poisoning neurologicaly intact with an initial pH of 6.46. Although severe acidosis in the presence of serious illness is usually associated with a poor prognosis, our case emphasized the importance of aggressive supportive care and antidotal therapy for ethylene glycol poisoning even when there is a low pH.
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PMID:Survival after ethylene glycol poisoning in a patient with an arterial pH of 6.58. 1204 72

Acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) occurs as a result of physical disruption of spinal cord axons through the epicenter of injury leading to deficits in motor, sensory, and autonomic function. This is a debilitating neurological disorder common in young adults that often requires life-long therapy and rehabilitative care, placing a significant burden on our healthcare system. While no cure exists, research has identified various pharmacological compounds that specifically antagonize primary and secondary mechanisms contributing to the etiology of ASCI. Several compounds including methylprednisolone (MPSS), GM-1 ganglio-side, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), nimodipine, and gacyclidine have been tested in prospective randomized clinical trials of ASCI. MPSS and GM-1 ganglioside have shown evidence of modest benefits. Clearly trials of improved neuroprotective agents are required. Promising potential therapies for ASCI include riluzole, minocycline, erythropoietin, and the fusogen polyethylene glycol, as well as mild hypothermia.
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PMID:Current status of clinical trials for acute spinal cord injury. 1599 12


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