Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypothermic effects of d-Amphetamine, chlorpromazine, a variety of other phenothiazines, ET495 and haloperidol in rats at 4 degrees C were measured separately and in combination. All the drugs produced some hypothermia. Among the phenothiazines, degree of hypothermia induced was found to be correlated with relative effectiveness of the drug as an antipsychotic agent. Hypothermic effects of each of the phenothiazines in combination with d-Amphetadrugs as an antipsychotic agent. Hypothermic effects of each of the phenothiazines in combination with d-Amphetamine was greater than for either drug alone. Hypothermic effects of the combination CPZ with Amphetamine was potentiated by haloperidol but blocked by ET495. The evidence supports a model of neuronal feedback loops either within the central DA mesolimbic pathway or between the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal DA systems. The establishment of interdependency between antipsychotic and hypothermic effects of phenothiazines offers promise not only to a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying these effects, but the possibility of an objective test for screening new materials for antipsychotic effectiveness.
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PMID:The possible role of dopamine in phenothiazine-induced hypothermia in rats: an application to DA hypothesis of schizophrenia. 1 69

Mescaline (25 mg/kg; 66 muc/kg) was injected (ip) in mice 45 min before chlorpromazine (CPZ, 2.5, 5, 15 mg/kg), thioridazine (10, 30, 45 mg/kg), or chlorpromazine-sulfoxide (CPZ-SO, 15 mg/kg). Excitement, agitation, slight increase in ventilation and occasional head-shaking were seen 30 min after mescaline and continued for 30-45 min thereafter; locomotor activity and the number of scratching events were significantly increased during this period. CPZ (2.5, 5, 15 mg/kg) and thioridazine (10, 30, 45 mg/kg) partially or completely blocked mescaline-induced gross behavior; CPZ-SO (15 mg/kg) was not effective. Increased scratching responses and locomotor activity induced by mescaline were antagonized by all doses of CPZ and thioridazine; at higher doses, both CPZ (7.5, 15 mg/kg) and thioridazine (45 mg/kg) induced cataleptic-like condition and marked hypothermia. Tissue levels of mescaline, examined 3 hr after its administration, were increased by all doses of CPZ and a higher dose of thioridazine (45 mg/kg); CPZ-SO and lower doses of thioridazine had no effect.
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PMID:Interaction of mescaline with phenothiazines: effect on behavior, body temperature, and tissue levels of hallucinogen in mice. 24 33

Hypothermia produced by IV administration of chlorpromazine (CPZ, 0.5-2.0 mg/kg) in a thermoneutral environment was greater in rabbits 2-4.5 years old than in animals under 24 months of age. One microgram CPZ given intracerebroventricularly (ICV) produced greater hypothermia in the older animals in tests performed in a thermoneutral environment while 0.25 and 0.5 microgram doses did not. The hypothermogenic effect of all three ICV doses of CPZ was enhanced in older rabbits exposed to cold. The brain of the older rabbit appears to be more sensitive to the hypothermogenic effects of CPZ. The findings suggest that this widely used tranquilizer can contribute to accidental hypothermia of the aged.
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PMID:Hypothermia produced by peripheral and central injections of chlorpromazine in aged rabbits. 48 19

The prevention and control of massive bleeding has always been a problem in neurosurgical procedures, particularly in patients with arteriovenous malformations, intracranial aneurysms, and large vascular tumors. During the past 25 years, new technics have reduced the risk of hemorrhage; however, these have been most suitable for adult patients. Vascular intracranial lesions during infancy present even more complex problems. This is a report of the anesthetic management of a 7-month-old infant with an aneurysm of the v cerebri magna (great vein of Galen). Anesthetic management consisted of (1) halothane-N2O-O2 general endotracheal anesthesia, (2) surface-induced profound hypothermia, and (3) low-flow extracorporeal circulation. Phenothiazine premedication was used with halothane anesthesia to antagonize reflex vasoconstriction during hypothermia, hypothermia and low cardiac output to lessen the possibility of hemorrhage, aneurysmal rupture, and neurologic damage, and surface-induced hypothermia because it provides better core perfusion than central cooling. This technic allowed a successful outcome in an otherwise high-risk procedure.
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PMID:Anesthetic management of an intracranial arteriovenous malformation in infancy. 55 21

This paper studies the advances that have participated in the development of preservation solutions for the combined kidney-pancreas transplantation. These developments have been associated most importantly with hypothermia, the use of colloid solutions with high oncotic pressure, and the maintenance of near-intracellular ionic concentration. At the present time, the more effective solutions are the plasma-like modified Silica Gel Fraction and the starch and lactobionate based solution such as, the UW. Further advances in this area, would allow for improved results in the combined kidney-pancreas transplant preparation.
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PMID:[Preservation of the pancreas for the simultaneous transplantation of kidney-pancreas]. 130 92

One of the important medicinal properties of ginger is known to remove chills caused by common cold and to warm body. In the present study, acetone extract of ginger at 100 mg/kg p.o. significantly inhibited serotonin (5-HT) induced hypothermia. Therefore, the active constituents of ginger were further examined. The acetone extract was functioned into 4 fractions by column chromatography. Fractions 1 and 2 showed significant activity. Fraction 2 was further purified and [6]-shogaol which was obtained from fraction 2-2, at 10 mg/kg p.o. was shown to inhibit 5-HT induced hypothermia. Anticathartic activity is known to be one of the medicinal effects of ginger. In the present study, acetone extract of ginger at 75 mg/kg p.o., significantly inhibited 5-HT induced diarrhea. In order to clarify the active constituents, the acetone extract was fractionated into 4 fractions by silica gel chromatography. Fractions 2 and 3, which was especially effective, were further purified and [6]-shogoal, [6]-dehydrogingerdione, [8]- and [10]-gingerol were found to have an anticathartic action. [6]-Shogaol was more potent than [6]-dehydrogingerdione, [8]- and [10]-gingerol.
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PMID:[The effect of ginger on serotonin induced hypothermia and diarrhea]. 207 39

The effects of beta-endorphin, MIF-I, and alpha-MSH on d-amphetamine- a CPZ-induced hypothermias in rats kept at 4 degrees C were tested in three experimental groups: (a) intact; (b) rats with lesions of the olfactory tubercle; and (c) rats in which the link between the DA mesolimbic pathway and the striatum was disconnected. All drugs tested alone (except MIF-I) caused significant hypothermia. Pretreatment with CPZ, MIF-I, and alpha-MSH potentiated d-amphetamine-induced hypothermia in intact rats. Pretreatment with alpha-MSH potentiated CPZ-induced hypothermia. beta-Endorphin partially blocked d-amphetamine-induced hypothermia, but did not interact with CPZ, MIF-I, or alpha-MSH. All potentiations were either reduced or disappeared in the incisioned rats. CPZ and alpha-MSH caused hypothermia in olfactory tubercle-lesioned rats. The results indicate that: (a) the DA mesolimbic pathway is involved in the hypothermic response of all drugs tested; (b) an intact feedback loop is required for the potentiation of the hypothermic response of CPZ on d-amphetamine, MIF-I on d-amphetamine, and alpha-MSH on d-amphetamine and CPZ; (c) beta-endorphin acts as a partial blocker of d-amphetamine; MIF-I is a weak potentiator of d-amphetamine, alpha-MSH acts as a negative modulator of the DA system, most probably in the striatum.
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PMID:Modification of d-amphetamine- or chlorpromazine-induced hypothermia by beta-endorphin, MIF-I, and alpha-MSH: mediation by the dopaminergic system. 612 51