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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of amitriptyline on rectal temperature of male rats were studied at the ambient temperature of 25 degrees C. Drugs were administered intraperitoneally. Amitryptyline elicited a dose related hypothermia. The hypothermia was attenuated by phenoxybenzamine 10 mg/kg, haloperidol 2 mg/kg, diphenhydramine 5 mg/kg, atropine 20 mg/kg, and cyproheptadine 5 mg/kg. Propranolol, at a dose of 5 mg/kg, had no effect on the hypothermia. Theophylline 50 mg/kg and dibutyryl cyclic AMP 20 mg/kg inhibited the hypothermia produced by anitriptyline. Pretreatment with parachloroamphetamine (PCA), 2 or 5 mg/kg daily for 3 days, strongly antagonized the hypothermia. In addition, pretreatment with parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA), 100 mg/kg daily for three days, reduced the brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentration to 20% of the control level and completely blocked the hypothermia response. When brain 5-HT concentration recovered to 50% of the control level in PCPA treated rats following the administration of 10 mg/kg 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) the hypothermia induced by amitriptyline was restored. However, the administration of 5-HT, 5 mg/kg, to PCPA treated rats did not increase brain 5-HT concentration or restore the amitriptyline induced hypothermia (AIH). Results suggest that amitriptyline interacts with several transmitter substances to produce hypothermia. Since the ability of amitriptyline to produce hypothermia was correlated with brain 5-HT content, 5-HT might play an important role in the mediation of AIH.
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PMID:Mechanisms of amitriptyline induced hypothermia in the rat. 19 9

Oral and external dosing methods replicating field exposure were developed using the double crested cormorant (DCCO) to test the toxicity of artificially weathered Deepwater Horizon Mississippi Canyon 252 oil. The majority of previous oil dosing studies conducted on wild-caught birds used gavage methods to dose birds with oil and determine toxicity. However, rapid gut transit time of gavaged oil likely reduces oil absorption. In the present studies, dosing relied on injection of oil into live feeder fish for oral dosing of these piscivorous birds, or applying oil to body contour feathers resulting in transdermal oil exposure and oral exposure through preening. Both oral and external oil dosing studies identified oil-related toxicity endpoints associated with oxidative stress such as hemolytic anemia, liver and kidney damage, and immuno-modulation or compromise. External oil application allowed for controlled study of thermoregulatory stress as well. Infrared thermal images indicated significantly greater surface temperatures and heat loss in treated birds following external oil applications; however, measurements collected by coelomically implanted temperature transmitters showed that internal body temperatures were stable over the course of the study period. Birds exposed to oil externally consumed more fish than control birds, indicating metabolic compensation for thermal stress. Conversely, birds orally dosed with oil experienced hypothermia and consumed less fish compared to control birds.
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PMID:Development of methods for avian oil toxicity studies using the double crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus). 2834 71

Oral and external dosing methods replicating field exposure were developed using the double crested cormorant (DCCO) to test the toxicity of artificially weathered Deepwater Horizon Mississippi Canyon 252 oil. The majority of previous oil dosing studies conducted on wild-caught birds used gavage methods to dose birds with oil and determine toxicity. However, rapid gut transit time of gavaged oil likely reduces oil absorption. In the present studies, dosing relied on injection of oil into live feeder fish for oral dosing of these piscivorous birds, or applying oil to body contour feathers resulting in transdermal oil exposure and oral exposure through preening. Both oral and external oil dosing studies identified oil-related toxicity endpoints associated with oxidative stress such as hemolytic anemia, liver and kidney damage, and immuno-modulation or compromise. External oil application allowed for controlled study of thermoregulatory stress as well. Infrared thermal images indicated significantly greater surface temperatures and heat loss in treated birds following external oil applications; however, measurements collected by coelomically implanted temperature transmitters showed that internal body temperatures were stable over the course of the study period. Birds exposed to oil externally consumed more fish than control birds, indicating metabolic compensation for thermal stress. Conversely, birds orally dosed with oil experienced hypothermia and consumed less fish compared to control birds.
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PMID:Reprint of: Development of methods for avian oil toxicity studies using the double crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus). 2857 22