Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the case of a 42-year-old Zairian male who presented with paroxysmal attacks of hypertension accompanied by spontaneous recurrent hypothermia and profuse sweating of unknown origin. Routine and extensive examination failed to indicate a usual cause of arterial hypertension or for periodic hypothermia. Based on the hypothesis of an epileptic center influencing both the thermoregulatory and the vasomotor mechanisms, an anticonvulsant treatment was successfully installed. The present study makes a correlation between the present condition and certain neurologic abnormalities described in the literature.
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PMID:Paroxysmal hypertension and spontaneous periodic hypothermia. 133 13

The primary mechanism for maintaining normal body temperature during physical exercise in the heat is the evaporation of sweat. With profuse sweating, water loss far exceeds electrolyte loss. Rigorous exercise in the heat places the athlete at risk for thermoregulatory dysfunction from dehydration. Because children are inherently less efficient thermoregulators than adults, they are at even greater risk for heat illness. The three primary syndromes of heat illness are heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. Treatment of heat illness is based on reduction of body temperature and rehydration. Heat stroke is a true medical emergency with a high mortality rate; immediate reduction of body temperature is critical to the survival of these patients. Prevention of heat illness is based on reducing known risk factors. Physical activity should be modified in the face of high ambient temperature and humidity. The athlete should begin exercise well hydrated; frequent consumption of cold water during exercise decreases likelihood of significant dehydration. After exercise, the athlete should continue drinking to replace fluid losses. Clothing should be lightweight; the more skin exposed, the greater the available evaporative surface. A preseason conditioning program, when combined with an 8- to 14-day period of acclimatization, further reduces the risk of heat injury. Although athletes engaged in endurance sports may benefit from drinking carbohydrate/electrolyte-containing solutions, for the majority of young athletes, cold water remains the preferred choice for fluid replacement during exercise. The relatively greater body surface area of young athletes also places them at risk for hypothermia. Special attention should be given when these athletes are competing under cold environmental conditions.
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PMID:Heat illness. Fluid and electrolyte issues for pediatric and adolescent athletes. 221 56

The case of a patient with episodic hypothermia and profuse sweating believed to be due to diencephalic epilepsy is reported. Despite intensive investigations no other manifestations of hypothalamic dysfunction were found. Conventional antiepileptic drugs were without effect but the patient was successfully treated by total sympathectomy.
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PMID:Spontaneous periodic hypothermia: diencephalic epilepsy. 473 49

The effects of cholinomimetic drugs such as mecholyl (methacholine) and pilocarpine on autonomic functions (including sudomotor, metabolic, respiratory, vasomotor, and temperature responses) were assessed at room temperature (24 degrees C) in three groups of individuals, including normal, hyperhidrotic, and denervated subjects. The normal group had no palmar hyperhidrosis, with intact T2-3 ganglia, the hyperhidrotic group had palmar hyperhidrosis with intact T2-3 ganglia, and the denervated group had palmar hyperhidrosis treated with T2-3 ganglionectomy. Subcutaneous administration of mecholyl and pilocarpine each produced a fall in oral temperature in the normal group. The hypothermia was brought about by a decrease in metabolic rate, an increase in local sweating rate (mainly of the upper limb and trunk), and an increase in cutaneous circulation (estimated by an increase in the upper limb and trunk skin temperatures). The autonomic functions induced by these cholinomimetic drugs were antagonized by pretreatment with atropine sulfate (an antagonist of cholinergic receptors). Moreover, the hypothermia induced by mecholyl or pilocarpine was greatly reduced in the hyperhidrotic group. The reduction in the cholinomimetic-induced hypothermia in the hyperhidrotic group was due to the reduced sudomotor and metabolic responses after the injections of these cholinomimetic drugs, as compared to those of the normal group. However, neither the excessive sweating of the palms nor the reduced cholinergic responses in the hyperhidrotic group was observed after T2-3 ganglionectomy. The data indicate that the T2-3 ganglia play a role in the elaboration or modulation of the sudomotor and metabolic responses induced by activation of certain cholinergic receptors in humans.
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PMID:Effects of cholinomimetic drugs on sudomotor, metabolic, respiratory, vasomotor, and temperature response in palmar hyperhidrosis. 743 Oct 77

Episodic spontaneous hypothermia is an infrequent disorder, with unknown pathogenic mechanisms. A systemic cause or underlying brain lesion has not been found for the disease. We report four new patients, 3-9 years old, with episodic hypothermia lower than 35 degrees C, marked facial pallor, and absent shivering. The episodes could last a few hours or four days, and recurred once a week or every 2-3 months. Two patients also demonstrated bradycardia, mild hypertension, and somnolence during the events; in one of them, profuse sweating was also a feature, and all four presented with either headache, a periodic childhood syndrome, or both (recurrent abdominal pain, cyclic vomiting, or vertigo). Three patients reported a family history of migraine. Neurologic examination, endocrine function, and imaging studies were normal. Migraine prophylactic therapy was of moderate efficacy. Spontaneous resolution was observed in one patient. The clinical characteristics of the syndrome allow for its inclusion as a childhood periodic syndrome related to migraine.
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PMID:Episodic spontaneous hypothermia: a periodic childhood syndrome. 1284 86

Shapiro syndrome, a rare disorder originally described by Shapiro and Plum in 1967, is characterized by episodic hypothermia and hyperhydrosis associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Proposed hypotheses to explain the clinical features of this syndrome include changes in the set point of the hypothalamic thermostat, increased norepinephrine (NE) release, and decreased plasma NE clearance. It was emphasized that the recognition of Shapiro syndrome in the evaluation of episodic hyperhydrosis is important. Here, we described a case with Shapiro syndrome who presented to our psychiatry clinic with recurrent episodic profuse sweating and depression. Sweating attacks and depression remitted after successful treatment with amitriptyline.
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PMID:Remission of Episodic Sweating Attacks and Comorbid Depression in Shapiro Syndrome: Case Report. 2836 Jun 63

Neuraxial morphine-induced hypothermia has been reported as a relatively rare complication, with the successful use of naloxone and lorazepam to reverse symptoms. We report a case of intrathecal morphine-induced hypothermia with profuse sweating, intractable nausea, and vomiting in a primigravid woman undergoing cesarean delivery in the setting of preeclampsia. All symptoms rapidly resolved after a single dose of intravenous nalbuphine. Because nalbuphine has a long track record of safe use on labor and delivery units, it is an attractive and novel choice for treatment of neuraxial morphine-induced hypothermia.
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PMID:Neuraxial Morphine-Induced Hypothermia After Cesarean Delivery Managed With Nalbuphine: A Case Report. 3253 71