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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In man hypothermia exists when core temperature (Tc) falls below 35 degrees C. The onset of hypothermia is often insidious in that it can occur without any particular symptoms of serious discomfort. There is evidence that this decrease in thermosensitivity is most likely to occur when the rate of body cooling is slow. In addition there is some evidence that the susceptibility to become hypothermic varies with the circadian rhythm of Tc, particularly in animals maintained under constant light conditions. A systematic investigation has been carried out to determine whether the thermoregulatory response to body core cooling is affected by the rate of change of body temperature, the time of day at which the cooling takes place and/or by the light regime under which the animals are maintained. The investigation was made in rabbits maintained either under a 12-h light/dark (LD) cycle or under conditions of continuous light (LL). Thermosensitivity (relationship between falling Tc and the induced increase in metabolic heat production) was determined at two different rates of body cooling (1 degrees C decrease in core temperature in either 30 or 160 min.) and at different times of the day. A chronically implanted intravascular heat exchanger was used to extract heat from the animals. The results indicate that neither the rate of body cooling nor the time of day at which the cooling took place had any clear effect on the shivering response. Likewise there was no clear difference in the shivering response of the animals maintained under (LD) conditions as compared to those maintained under (LL) conditions.
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PMID:The effect of rate of cooling, time of day and light regime on the shivering response in rabbits. 152 28

Seventy percent of all postoperative patients--over 14 million cases annually- suffer from hypothermia, which is caused by the combination of the anesthetics preventing thermal homeostasis and the cold operating room environment. Therapeutic goals are to treat shivering, prevent the severe discomfort of hypothermia, maximize rewarming rate to shorten PACU time, and maximize patient safety. Traditional warming therapies do not actively heat the patient nor do they prevent the continued loss of endogenously produced heat. Convective warming therapy is a new technology that clinical studies have demonstrated to be effective in preventing intraoperative or treating postoperative hypothermia.
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PMID:Hypothermia therapy in the postanesthesia care unit: a review. 220 62

In the attempt to correlate clinical findings with serum levels of aldrin, sixteen patients were followed-up after acute intoxication by this agent. Eight of them, males and females, aged from 1 to 37 years, presented no or light symptoms (some discomfort and nausea). The serum of one of these patients was found to contain 16.6 ppb of aldrin and that of another, 1.41 ppb of dieldrin. A group of five patients, aged from two to 30 years, showed symptoms of moderate severity, reporting nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dyspnea, sweating, mild jerking, rise in blood pressure and convulsions. Of these cases, two were accidental and three were attempted suicides, the majority achieving complete recovery within 24 hours. Serum levels of aldrin were between 6.98 ppb and 26.3 ppb and of dieldrin between 82.00 and 314.18 ppb. We found three severe cases, aged from 21 to 35 years, two attempted suicides and one occupational case. Two of these patients died and one of them presented hypothermia, coma, absence of reflexes and generalized convulsions, and another presented abdominal pain, paleness, sweating, cold extremities, dyspnea, hyperthermia and generalized convulsions. In the first one that died the serum levels were: of aldrin 30.00 ppb and of dieldrin 720 ppb. In the other levels of 747.3 ppb of aldrin and 1,314.00 ppb of dieldrin were found. The third had less serious symptoms and presented serum levels of aldrin of 31.05 ppb and of dieldrin 147.11 ppb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acute poisoning by aldrin: relationship between serum levels and toxic effects in humans]. 221 74

Treatment of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis was carried out with a conventional galvanic generator in 40 patients and with a newly developed iontophoresis apparatus, which is suited for home treatment, in 31 patients. The new apparatus is operated by a rechargeable energy source or by batteries and is disconnected from the electrical net during treatment. It conforms to most recent safety regulations as approved by Underwriter's Laboratory. Hyperhidrosis was completely controlled after 10-12 treatments as revealed by quantitative gravimetric measurements of sweat rates and semiquantitative estimation of starch iodine paper imprints. There was no apparent difference in efficacy between the two apparatuses. Not only hyperhidrosis was abolished, but associated symptoms, such as lividity of palms or soles, acral hypothermia and edema of fingers or toes, also subsided. Skin temperature on palms rose from 29.7 +/- 1.8 degrees C before treatment to 32.2 +/- 1.4 degrees C thereafter. Maintenance treatment was continued on an average for 14 months, in 4 patients for more than 3 years. No loss of efficacy was found during that period. Side effects were minimal and depended upon amperage used. Only slight discomfort during treatment and mild short-lasted skin irritation were observed. Long-term side effects did not occur.
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PMID:Long-term efficacy and side effects of tap water iontophoresis of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis--the usefulness of home therapy. 365 60

A pilot winter study of body temperatures using new measuring techniques was tested on 72 volunteers aged 65 or more living in Portsmouth. The body temperatures were related to their environmental temperature and living conditions. No case of serious hypothermia was found, but the study confirms that elderly people have lower body temperatures and suggests that the coldest individuals tended to be the least aware of discomfort from the cold; this may well place them "at risk" for developing hypothermia.
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PMID:Problem of the old and the cold. 468 33

Thermal, metabolic, and circulatory responses were studied in six hill-walkers taking part in a 28-mile (45-km.) walk in rough country in autumn and winter, air temperatures being 6 to 12 degrees C. and -2 to 2 degrees C., respectively.Though they were an apparently well-matched party, the walkers had to split into three pairs to avoid exhaustion. They adjusted their clothing so that mean skin temperatures were similar in both warm and cold conditions, the average value being 30.5 degrees C. compared with the resting comfort range of 33 to 34.5 degrees C. When, on the winter trial, skin temperatures were lowered by reduction of clothing, mean skin temperatures fell to 26.5 to 27.8 degrees C., one subject showing a value of 21.3 degrees C. These temperatures were associated with moderate discomfort from cold.Gut temperatures during exercise, measured with a radio pill, averaged 38.7 to 37.9 degrees C. on the autumn exercise. Slightly lower values were observed in winter, but this was associated with slower walking rather than cold stress. A fat and a thin subject walking together with minimal clothing showed widely different temperature responses, the fatter subject having a lower skin temperature and higher gut temperature than his companion. These results were compared with other results on extreme cold stress and discussed in relation to hypothermia. Heart rate and blood pressure findings were unremarkable, except for increased post-exercise heart rates and standing/lying heart rate differences, and a tendency to postural hypotension associated with exhaustion. Blood volume was not reduced in exhaustion and there were no significant changes in blood electrolytes or other constituents apart from a small rise in potassium. Ketonuria developed in all subjects.
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PMID:Thermal, metabolic, blood, and circulatory adjustments in prolonged outdoor exercise. 578 23

Six men with infertile marriages associated with poor semen and raised testicular temperature were treated by an experimental appliance which exploits evaporation to obtain normal testicular temperatures. This was worn with little discomfort for as long as 24 h a day and for periods as long as 20 weeks. Three wives became pregnant while their husbands were on treatment. Semen analysis at the time of the missed menses showed improvements in all three men. In two patients who did not achieve a pregnancy, semen improvements were also seen after 12 weeks. The improvements in semen quality cannot be attributed to any agency other than the hypothermia; this strengthens the theory that raised temperature plays a role in male infertility. Scrotal hypothermia seems to be a suitable treatment in men with varicocele, varicocelectomy failure, and idiopathic infertility where intrascrotal temperature is raised.
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PMID:Chronic scrotal hypothermia as a treatment for poor semen quality. 610 60

Early excision and grafting of burns with the advent of infection control, has become a most important part of any successful therapy in burn management. By this technique, an open wound is primarily closed, and thus circumvents the possibility of infection. There is less discomfort, more rapid restoration of function, quicker discharge from hospital and earlier rehabilitation. Metabolic needs are lessened and with less scar, the cosmetic result is improved. Excision is made between the third and fifth day postburn if possible, but more delay may be necessary to determine which burns are superficial and able to spontaneously heal. No area greater than 10% of body surface area is excised and grafted at one operative session and for large burns staged excisions are necessary. A limitation of 1 1/2 hours on the operation is made so as to control shock and hypothermia and to assure a quick recovery with early re-establishment of nutrition. Ketamine is the common anaesthetic employed and viable fat is preferred as the surface on which to graft. Tangential excision is a complementary form of early excision grafting to a specific depth, and may be used alone or in conjunction with other techniques. It is of value in selected burns of the deep partial skin loss variety, especially scalds, which predominate in children. Several slices of necrotic skin are taken until a punctate bleeding surface is reached in the deep dermis and a thin to moderate thickness allograft is immediately applied. The conservation of the deep dermis limits the area to be grafted, with the likelihood of less scar formation and a resultant graft of improved texture.
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PMID:Early surgical excision and grafting of burns including tangential excision. 701 29

Traditionally, in continent urinary diversion (CUD), the ileum, ascending colon, or sigmoid colon is utilized to construct a urinary reservoir with a continence mechanism. When CUD was performed in women who had undergone extensive pelvic irradiation therapy for gynecologic cancer, the complication rate was exceedingly high due to the poor vascularity of the irradiated bowel incorporated in the reservoir. In order to avoid this very high complication rate, an animal study was conducted to test the feasibility of constructing a CUD utilizing nonradiated stomach, transverse colon, and proximal ureters. The development of this model in the canine necessitated prolonged abdominal surgery involving both the gastrointestinal and urinary systems. The immediate postoperative challenge included the need for continuous intravenous fluid infusion, maintenance of patent renal stents and neobladder stomal catheters, prevention of hypothermia and hypokalemia, and reduction of postoperative discomfort. Re-establishing an adequate plane of nutrition, preventing colonic ulceration from gastric secretions in the pouch, monitoring renal function, maintaining a patent stoma during healing, and managing the gradual expansion of the pouch were among the chronic care considerations. This procedure required the institution of unique and intensive perioperative care protocols. Using the methods discussed in this paper, three of four dogs in a pilot study survived the procedure and were included in an ongoing study of the new gastrocolonic continent urinary diversion.
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PMID:Perioperative care protocols for a canine model of a new gastrocolonic pouch for continent urinary diversion. 789 42

We examined the perception of thermal comfort in six male subjects immersed in water at 28 degrees C (study I) and 15 degrees C (study II), breathing either room air (AIR) or a normoxic mixture containing 30% N2O (N2O). Immersions were terminated if esophageal temperature (Tes) decreased by 2 degrees C from resting levels or to 35 degrees C. At regular intervals, subjects rated their perception of thermal comfort on a 21-point scale (thermal comfort vote, TCV; +10 = very, very hot, 0 = neutral, -10 = very, very cold). For similar decreases in Tes from resting preimmersion values (mean +/- SD = -0.90 degrees +/- 0.13 degrees C and -0.92 degrees +/- 0.15 degrees C during the AIR and N2O trials in study I, and -0.90 degree +/- 0.22 degree C and -0.89 degree +/- 0.27 degree C during the AIR and N2O trials in study II), subjects perceived the immersions as less cold during the N2O trials. The median TCVs for the AIR condition of -5 in study I and -7.75 in study II, were significantly lower than those reported by the subjects for the respective N2O conditions (1.75 in study I and -5.5 in study II). It is concluded that behavioral adjustments required for maintaining thermal balance may be diminished during narcosis due to the altered perception of thermal discomfort. Assuming that the effect of inert gas narcosis on thermoregulatory responses is similar to that of N2O, then combined with the significant attenuation of heat gain mechanisms by anesthetic gases, the attenuation of the perception of thermal comfort may represent a significant factor in the etiology of hypothermia observed in compressed air divers.
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PMID:Perception of thermal comfort during narcosis. 818 May 69


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