Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Severe accidental hypothermia in an urban environment is usually associated with drug or alcohol abuse or serious illness in elderly or debilitated patients. In the presence of cardiovascular instability, extracorporeal rewarming by cardiopulmonary bypass is the gold standard of treatment of such patients. Three cases of profound hypothermia with circulatory collapse are presented. Each was successfully resuscitated to a full neurological recovery using this method in an accident and emergency (A&E) department, although one died later of respiratory complications. All three cases had a serum potassium in the normal range at the start of treatment. Where facilities exist, extracorporeal rewarming can be performed in A&E for patients with profound hypothermia and circulatory collapse. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation must be continued throughout the rewarming process.
 ...
PMID:Back from the dead: extracorporeal rewarming of severe accidental hypothermia victims in accident and emergency. 947 31

Two adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that had been housed together for 4 months died within 2 weeks of each other after brief illnesses. Monkey No. 1 presented with collapse, watery stool, and hypothermia and died overnight. Monkey No. 2 presented with dyspnea, nasal discharge, leukopenia, and hypoproteinemia and was euthanized after 2 days. Both animals had peritoneal effusions, massive necrosis of pharyngeal, esophageal, and gastric mucosa, and multifocal hepatic and pancreatic necrosis. Monkey No. 2 also had lingual ulcers and locally extensive necrosis of spleen, adrenal glands, and lymph nodes. Large numbers of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were present in epithelial and syncytial cells adjoining the necrotic foci in Monkey No. 2 but were absent in Monkey No. 1. Monkey No. 1 seroconverted to cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1, commonly known as herpes B) in the month before death. CHV-1 was isolated from a sample of stomach from Monkey No. 2, and electron microscopy of liver from this animal demonstrated herpesvirus particles within hepatocytes. Both animals were seropositive for simian type D retrovirus, and the virus was cultured from the liver of Monkey No. 2. A diagnosis of disseminated CHV-1 infection was made, possibly occurring secondary to immunosuppression due to infection with simian type D retrovirus. Although a high percentage of cynomolgus monkeys are apparently infected with CHV-1, disseminated disease is rare. Because infection with CHV-1 in humans is associated with a high fatality rate, familiarity with the lesions of disseminated infection with this virus is important.
 ...
PMID:Fatal disseminated cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (herpes B infection in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). 938 51

Hot, humid conditions in tropical regions generally rule out any risk of hypothermia due to cold exposure. In this report, we describe a case of severe hypothermia involving a core temperature of 26 degrees C in a 61-year-old man living in Gabon. Parkinson's disease and chronic alcoholism may have been predisposing factors. The patient was treated by active and passive rewarming (intestinal irrigation with warm water). Sudden circulatory collapse occurred during treatment but the final outcome was successful. This case demonstrates that hypothermia can occur in tropical areas. Emergency diagnosis may be difficult in Black Africa where adequate temperature monitoring equipment is rarely available. Standard mercury thermometers do not allow measurement of temperatures lower than 34 degrees C. African physicians should be aware of the possibility of potentially life-threatening hypothermia and be prepared to initiate proper treatment and surveillance in intensive care.
 ...
PMID:[Severe hypothermia in a tropical setting]. 979 96

Untreated giant intracranial aneurysms have a dismal natural history as a result of hemorrhage, cerebral compression, and thromboembolism. The poor prognosis of patients with giant aneurysms therefore warrants aggressive treatment. A surgical approach is chosen to maximize the operative exposure of the aneurysm and depends mainly on the aneurysm's location. Once exposed, vascular control of the aneurysm is required not only to manage an intraoperative rupture, but also to collapse the aneurysm, to increase working space, and to improve visualization of the anatomy. Hypothermic circulatory arrest may be indicated in select patients with complex posterior circulation aneurysms. Direct clipping of giant aneurysms, with meticulous preservation of parent and branch arteries, is the preferred method of occlusion. Unclippable aneurysms require alternative techniques (e.g., trapping, parent artery occlusion, excision, and aneurysmorrhaphy) that compromise parent arteries and may require revascularization to restore adequate cerebral blood flow. Giant aneurysms are complex lesions that demand thorough surgical planning, individualized strategies, and a multidisciplinary effort in specialized neurovascular centers.
 ...
PMID:Surgical strategies for giant intracranial aneurysms. 1033 20

We report the case of a 43-year-old schizophrenic who sustained, after 12 days of treatment including olanzapine (20 mg.day-1), carbamazepine, levomepromazine and alprazolan, a severe shock with bradycardia (HR: 40 b.min-1), circulatory collapse (SAP: 60 mmHg), hypothermia (T: 27 degrees C), coma and disseminated intravascular coagulation. A significant improvement was obtained with high doses of intravenous glucagon, whereas the normalization of central temperature, atropine, adrenaline and volume loading had been inefficient. Olanzapine, alone of associated with other psychotropics, could cause severe circulatory collapse with hypothermia and coma responding to a treatment including glucagon.
 ...
PMID:[Severe intoxication probably from olanzapine (Zyprexa). Beneficial effect of glucagon]. 1046 38

We report a case of respiratory arrest, refractory circulatory collapse, and severe hypothermia following ingestion of an organophosphate insecticide. In addition to conventional management, including mechanical ventilation, administration of vasopressors, enteral lavage, charcoal hemoperfusion and administration of antidotes, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support in the form of percutaneous cardiopulmonary support was successfully employed. Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support may be used for severe but potentially reversible pulmonary or cardiovascular toxicity induced by organophosphates as well as complicated severe hypothermia.
 ...
PMID:A case of serious organophosphate poisoning treated by percutaneus cardiopulmonary support. 1050 40

This paper reviews literature on the topic of cold stress, near-drowning and hypothermia, written mainly since the last review of this type in this journal. The main effects of cold stress, especially in cold water immersion, include the "cold shock" response, local cooling causing decrements in physical and mental performance, and ultimately core cooling as hypothermia occurs. The section on cold-water submersion (near-drowning) includes discussion regarding the various mechanisms for brain and body cooling during submersion. The mechanisms for cold-induced protection of the anoxic brain are discussed with attention given to decreased brain temperature and the Q10 principle, the mammalian dive reflex and a newly considered mechanism; cold-induced changes in neurotransmitter release (i.e., glutamate and dopamine). The section on the post-cooling period includes the post-rescue collapse and subsequent rewarming strategies used in the field, during emergency transport or in medical facilities. Recent research on topics such as inhalation warming, body-to-body warming, radio wave therapy, warm water immersion, exercise, body cavity lavage, and cardiopulmonary bypass is reviewed. Information on new methods of warming, including arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA) warming (by application of heat- with or without negative pressure application-to distal extremities in an effort to increase AVA blood flow), forced-air warming, and peripheral vascular extracorporeal warming, are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Cold stress, near drowning and accidental hypothermia: a review. 1090 37

New knowledge about accidental hypothermia acquired in recent years may simplify treatment and aid the evaluation of prognosis. Evidence of death or severe collapse due to the feared afterdrop has not been published. Afterdrop is a phenomenon of conductive heat loss. Evaluation of rewarming techniques shows that results from forced air rewarming techniques are equivalent to or better than results from invasive rewarming methods, except for rewarming with cardiopulmonary bypass. In hypothermia the most important differential diagnosis is death. Patients who are cold and could be resuscitated must be differentiated from patients, who are cold because they are dead. Experience from abroad has shown that extreme hyperkalaemia may be a useful diagnostic tool.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of accidental hypothermia]. 1099 74

New knowledge about accidental hypothermia acquired in recent years may simplify treatment and aid the evaluation of prognosis. Evidence of death or severe collapse due to the feared afterdrop has not been published. Afterdrop is a phenomenon of conductive heat loss. Evaluation of rewarming techniques shows that results from forced air rewarming techniques are equivalent to or better than results from invasive rewarming methods, except for rewarming with cardiopulmonary bypass. In hypothermia the most important differential diagnosis is death. Patients who are cold and could be resuscitated must be differentiated from patients, who are cold because they are dead. Experience from abroad has shown that extreme hyperkalaemia may be a useful diagnostic tool.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of accidental hypothermia]. 1110 27

The fatal circulatory derangements often observed when resuscitating victims of accidental hypothermia by rewarming are recognized as a falling cardiac output and a sudden drop in blood pressure, termed "rewarming shock". The real cause of this rewarming shock, or rewarming collapse, is, so far, unknown. This review presents current information exploring different aspects of the compromised circulatory function during hypothermia and especially after rewarming and supports the hypothesis that posthypothermic circulatory instability may be caused by cardiac insufficiency and alteration of the peripheral vascular bed. Cellular calcium overload, disturbed calcium homeostasis, changes in myocardial myofilament responsiveness to intracellular calcium as well as impaired high energy phosphate homeostasis could all be proposed as important factors leading to the changes observed in the hypothermic heart. Together with alteration of capillary function, increased capillary leakage of plasma protein, changes in intra- and extravascular volume-homeostasis and alteration of autonomous vascular control they all contribute to a maintained low cardiac output during and after rewarming which is associated with a fatal outcome.
 ...
PMID:Rewarming from hypothermia. Newer aspects on the pathophysiology of rewarming shock. 1120 78


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>