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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sequential determinations of halothane blood solubility were determined in 8 patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), hypothermia, and crystalloid hemodilution. The mean temperature-corrected blood/gas partition coefficient (B/G) at the end of surgery (2.4) was lower than preceding induction (2.7). The greatest mean B/G (2.9) occurred after induction of anesthesia. The halothane B/G did not increase significantly at the inception of CPB but decreased from a mean 2.7 to 1.6 as the patients were rewarmed. The maximum range of B/G for a single patient was 1.4 to 3.1. For halothane, the increased blood solubility due to hypothermia was initially antagonized by the crystalloid hemodilution. This antagonism would also be anticipated for methoxyflurane, enflurane, and isoflurane. For N2O and diethyl ether, the increased blood solubility due to hypothermia would be unopposed by simultaneous crystalloid hemodilution.
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PMID:Crystalloid hemodilution, hypothermia, and halothane blood solubility during cardiopulmonary bypass. 56 87

This study involves ventilation of the lungs with warmed humidifed anaesthetic gases during prolonged elective abdominal operations. Tympanic, oesophageal and toe temperatures were compared bewteen twenty warmed and twenty un-warmed patients at various times during operation and recovery. Fifty per cent (10/20) unwarmed patients shivered in the recovery room, while none of the warmed patients shivered. Our data indicate that pulmonary ventilation with warm humidified anaesthetic gases provides heat transfer by the lungs, preventing hypothermia during operation and post -anaesthesia shivering is prevented by maintaining the patient normothermic in both the operating room and the recovery room.
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PMID:Prevention of post-anaesthesia shivering. 62 5

The influence of phenobarbitone anaesthesia on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRo2) during hypothermia (23 degrees C & 27 degrees C) was studied in the rat, using a modification of the Kety & Schmidt (1948) technique and arterio-venous differences for oxygen. Phenobarbitone (150 mg/kg) was found to decrease CMRo2 by 40-60% during hypothermia, when compared to N2O anaesthesia. At a body temperature of 23 degrees C, and during phenobarbitone anaesthesia, CMRo2 was reduced to about 15% of normal control value (about 10.3 ml.100g-1). CBF was reduced to about 50% of the phenobarbitone control value but was similar to the value obtained with N2O anaesthesia at 22 degrees C. It is concluded that the combination of phenobarbitone anaesthesia and hypothermia results in a more pronounced reduction in cerebral metablic rate for oxygen than can be achieved by administration of barbiturates to normothermic animals, or by reducing body temperature by 15 degrees C during superficial anaesthesia.
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PMID:Reduction of cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption with a combination of barbiturate anaesthesia and induced hypothermia in the rat. 63 8

Effect of low body temperature on gastric secretory activity in the guinea pig under urethane general anaesthesia. Acta Physiol. Pol., 1978, 29 (1): 61-66. The effect of low body temperature on spontaneous and histamine (H) stimulated or Nalpha Nalpha-dimethylhistamine (NDMH)-stimulated gastric secretion was investigated in the guinea pig under general anaesthesia with urethane. In normothermia NDMH had a stronger stimulatory action on acid secretion In hypothermia (30 degrees C and 25 degrees C) only NDMH showed some stimulating effect. The obtained results point to the necessity of strict controlling of body temperature in the experiments performed on animals under general anaesthesia and suggest that the lack of effect at low temperature may be connected with an inhibition of the processes of H side-chain methylation when the rate of metabolic processes in the organism has fallen.
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PMID:Effect of low body temperature on gastric secretory activity in the guinea pig under urethane general anaesthesia. 66 50

Blood flow distribution in tissues of mongrel dogs during hypothermia was studied with radionuclide-tagged microspheres. The animals were cooled at 21 degrees C and rewarmed under thiamylal sodiuni anesthesia. During hypothermia, cardiac output fell to 20% of the control; the highest rate of blood flow relative to normothermic values was observed in the subendocardium of the left ventricle, and the lowest in the hypophysis. Each tissue showed specific reactions to hypothermia. During hypothermia the myocardial and brain-stem blood flows were about 40% of the control; almost all of the digestive tract, striated muscle, adrenal gland, and hypophysis blood flows were maintained at 20% or less of the control. After rewarming, cardiac output recovered to values significantly lower than control. The myocardium, brain, renal cortex, and striated and smooth muscle recovered to control levels; however, blood flow to the digestive organs, bronchial artery flow to the lung, and flow to the endocrine organs did not completely recover by 2 after rewarming.
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PMID:Blood flow distribution in dogs during hypothermia and posthypothermia. 66 85

Cerebral metabolic and vascular effects of hypothermia (30 C) and deep pentobarbital anesthesia, separately and combined, were evaluated in 15 mongrel dogs. External cardiovascular support was not used, and mean arterial blood pressures remained greater than 60 torr. Normothermic deep pentobarbital anesthesia, characterized by an electroencephalographic (EEG) frequency of less than 1 Hz, was associated with 30% decreases in cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen (CMRO2) and glucose (CMRG) from lightly anesthetized control values. Hypothermia (30 C) alone caused similar decreases in CMRO2 and CMRG in the presence of an active EEG. The use of pentobarbital anesthesia and hypothermia combined achieved significantly greater (P less than 0.05) decreases in CMRO2 (70%) and CMRG (72%) from the control state. Cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) increased by 70% (P less than 0.05) during hypothermia and about 20% when pentobarbital was administered to normothermic dogs. In hypothermic animals the addition of pentobarbital had a minimal effect on CVR. No alteration in the oxygen-glucose or lactate-glucose index indicative of cerebral hypoxia occurred in any experimental group. This study indicates that barbiturates combined with hypothermia decrease cerebral metabolism to a greater extent than hypothermia or barbiturate alone. When cerebral hypometabolism is therapeutically necessary, barbiturates may be indicated as an adjunct to moderate hypothermia.
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PMID:Cerebral hypometabolism obtained with deep pentobarbital anesthesia and hypothermia (30 C). 68 36

Paroxysmal hypertension occurred during the first 8 hours after cardiac valve replacement in 15 of 186 consecutive patients. The clinical characteristics of this hypertension were similar to those of hypertension after myocardial revascularization, except that this complication occurred much less frequently after valve replacement (8.1%) than after myocardial revascularisation (33%) (P less than 0.001). Hypertension resulting from hypoxia, hypercapnia, shivering, or arousal from anaesthesia was excluded from consideration. The rise in systemic arterial pressure (average 34/35 mmHg +/- 4.9/4.3 SE) was usually associated with a reduction in central venous pressure (12/15 patients) and a mild increase (2 to 4 cm saline) in left atrial pressure. The incidence of hypertension was not related to the valve replaced (aortic or mitral), type of lesion (stenosis or regurgitation), preoperative level of blood pressure, or use of hypothermia during operation. However, none of the 18 patients who had double valve replacement showed significant rise in blood pressure after operation. It is suggested that these hypertensive episodes may be related to pressor reflexes from the heart and/or great vessels.
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PMID:Arterial hypertension in immediate postoperative period after valve replacement. 68 68

In the past 14 years, 1000 cases of aneurysms were submitted to surgical operations without using microscope. In this report 346 cases of anterior communicating artery aneurysms were studied. The operative result at discharge was as follows; 19 cases (5.5%) were dead, 27 poor, 39 fair, 64 good and 197 excellent. In the follow-up, out of 300 cases 29 were dead (16 were related to the operation), 7 were poor, 13 fair, 26 good and 226 excellent. Out of 19 dead cases during hospitalization, 14 were operated within two weeks after SAH. Ten out of 14 cases operated within two weeks died due to vasospasm and all these 10 cases were operated between five to 11 days after SAH. These results and results of ultra-early surgery on other sites of aneurysm suggested that the surgery should be avoided on the cases from third to 10th day after SAH. After the 3rd day, the operation should be decided by taking vasospasm into consideration. If the SAH attack is a mojor one accompanying loss of consciousness more than one hour, the operation should be postponed until the 14th day. If the SAH attack is a moderate one accompanying loss of consciousness within one hour, it should be postponed until the 9th or 10th day. When the SAH attack doesn't accompany loss of consciousness, the surgery can be done any time. If stiff neck is obvious, it should be performed on the 9th or 10th day. Our approach for anterior communicating artery aneurysms is a interhemispherical approach following the bifrontal craniotomy. Hypothermic anesthesia around 27 degrees C was used in order to prolong the temporary occlusion time until 1971. Since 1972, 500 approximately 800 ml of 20% mannitol was applied intravenously for preventing the infarction following the temporary occlusion under the normothermic general anesthesia. Details of the operative records of 346 cases were analyzed and our operative method, technique and technical points were discussed.
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PMID:[Surgery of anterior communicating artery aneurysm--from the experiences of 346 cases (author's transl)]. 70 9

Propranolol may be uniquely useful in cardiac surgical procedures, since beta adrenergic blockade can prevent the hypokalemia and associated arrhythmias which result from systemic hypothermia. To determine the effects of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (HCPB) on the in vivo handling of propranolol, serial drug plasma concentrations (Cp) were measured during HCPB in 12 patients who had been treated chronically with propranolol prior to surgery. Although no further propranolol was given during the procedure, Cp values (corrected for plasma volume dilution) were higher during hypothermia than in the preoperative period, falling to or below control levels after rewarming. Due to the variables inherent in patient surgery, meaningful kinetic analysis could not be carried out. Therefore, intravenous propranolol (1 mg/kg) was given twice to each of 5 dogs, first after anesthesia only, then after anesthesia and systemic cooling to 26 degrees in a water bath Cp values measured serially over 2 hr after drug administration were consistently higher during hypothermia. Compared with the paired normothermic control studies, hypothermia markedly reduced the apparent volume of distribution (6.78 +/- 1.65 vs 2.08 +/- 0.58 L/kg; p less than 0.001) and the total body clearance of propranolol (64.4 +/- 11.0 vs 32.3 +/- 7.2 ml/kg/min; p less than 0.005). These data show that hypothermia substantially alters the pharmacokinetics of propranolol, resulting in plasma drug levels higher than those predicted from kinetic patterns derived under normothermic conditions.
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PMID:Effects of hypothermia on propranolol kinetics. 75 38

Seventeen biochemical parameters were measured in the venous and arterial blood of normal adolescent baboons (P. cynocephalus/anubis) under normothermic sedation and normothermic and hypothermic anesthesia. Statistical comparisons of the results were made between sexes and between the two temperatures under anesthesia. Six parameters differed significantly between males and females and five varied significantly between normothermia and hypothermia. Comparisons to the existing literature and the differences under hypothermia are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Biochemical values in the normal and hypothermic baboom Papio cynocephalus/anubis. 81 May 91


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