Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen cases of neonatal cold injury, five of them fatal, were seen in the winter of 1974-75. The affected infants, who weighed from 2.5 to 3 kg. had developed symptoms when the ambient termperature was below 10 C. Few of them were referred as cases of hypothermia. Refusal to eat was the most common complaint and less often edema and/or apathy. No correlation was found between death and ethnic origin, sex, duration of illness or minimum temperature. Admission weight, however, tended to be lower in the infants who died. The consistent finding of thrombocytopenia and the suspected bleeding phenomena suggested that disseminated intravascular coagulation may have been a factor in the unfavorable outcome of some of the cases. Evidence supporting such a hypothesis and proposals for the prevention. Diagnosis and treatment of neonatal cold injury are presented.
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PMID:Cold injury in early infancy. 32 24

Three different syndromes produced by congeners of morphine have been identified in the nondependent chronic spinal dog. These syndromes have been attributed to interaction of agonists with three distinguishable receptors (mu, kappa and sigma). Morphine is the prototype agonist for the mu receptor, ketocyclazocine for the kappa receptor and SKF-10,047 for the sigma receptor. The morphine syndrome (mu) in the dog is characterized by miosis, bradycardia, hypothermia, a general depression of the nociceptive responses and indifference to environmental stimuli. Ketocyclazocine (kappa) constricts pupils, depresses the flexor reflex and produces sedation but does not markedly alter pulse rate or the skin twitch reflex. SKF-10,047 (sigma), in contrast to morphine and ketocyclazocine, causes mydriasis, tachypnea, tachycardia and mania. The effects of these three drugs can be antagonized by the pure antagonist naltrexone, indicating that they are agonists. Further, chronic administration of morphine, ketocyclazocine and SKF-10,047 induces tolerance to their agonistic effects. Morphine suppresses abstinence in morphine-dependent dogs while ketocyclazocine does not. Ketocyclazocine at best precipitated only a liminal abstinence syndrome in the morphine-dependent dog, indicating that it had little affinity for the morphine receptor. Ketocyclazocine thus appears to be a selective agonist at the kappa receptor. Further, it has been shown that buprenorphine is a partial agonist of the mu type which both suppressed and precipitated abstinence in the morphine-dependent dog while morphine and propoxyphene are stronger agonists. Apomorphine and SKF-10,047 produce similar pharmacologic effects suggesting that sigma activity may involve a dopaminergic mechanism.
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PMID:The effects of morphine- and nalorphine- like drugs in the nondependent and morphine-dependent chronic spinal dog. 94 47

In order to minimize heat loss cold stress induces peripheral vasoconstriction via the sympathetic nervous system. This effect is most pronounced in the extremities. Vasoconstriction does not appear in the head-neck region--a fact of great importance in emergency situations. In order to compensate for heat loss shivering is an early event, where involuntary muscle contractions increase metabolic rate 2-6 fold. Early tachycardia and elevated blood-pressure, followed by progressive bradycardia and lowered pressure are common cardiovascular effects of hypothermia. Death due to ventricular fibrillation or asystole occurs between 28 degrees-25 degrees C. Cold stress causes an osmolal diuresis with sodium and chloride as the main constituents. The natriuresis is of tubular origin and could be due to impaired autoregulation in the kidney and/or depend on the natriuretic polypeptide. The augmented urine flow decreases blood volume, lowers physical working capacity and increases blood viscosity--all negative events in a hazardous situation. Sudden immersion initiates hyperventilation for 1-2 minutes with an increasing risk of drowning. Thereafter ventilation decreases to rates consistent with metabolic requirements. In severe hypothermia carbon dioxide retention causes respiratory and metabolic acidosis. Hypothermia induces progressive depression of mental functions starting with apathy and bizarre behaviour and ending in lethargy and coma often between 30 degrees-28 degrees C. The paradoxal feeling of heat with undressing in agony could depend on cerebral receptor disturbances.
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PMID:Human physiology under cold exposure. 181 74

A case of a week old female baby, admitted because of apathy, hypothermia, dyspnea, jaundice and cyanosis is described. She had the characteristic phenotype of Turner's syndrome with normal karyotype. Signs of severe heart failure were present. Therapy with diuretics, digoxin, dopamine and mechanical ventilation were unsuccessful, and the patient died several hours after her admission. The anatomopathological examination revealed the presence of hypoplastic left heart syndrome with mitral atresia and aortic atresia, atrial septal defect, double outlet right ventricle, and a patent ductus arteriosus.
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PMID:Noonan's syndrome associated with hypoplastic left heart. 235 79

Severe enteric colibacillosis, characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration, apathy, hypothermia, and inability to stand, was produced in seven of eight newborn, colostrum-fed calves from nonvaccinated dams after oral challenge of calves with 10(11) viable cells of Escherichia coli strain B44. Twenty-nine of 32 calves from dams vaccinated with various preparations of E. coli strain B44 were protected against severe enteric colibacillosis after oral challenge. Calves were protected if the dams received two subcutaneous vaccinations prior to calving. Calves also were protected if the dams were given a homologous vaccine of live or killed whole cells or a broth culture supernatant vaccine via the subcutaneous and intramammary routes 1 year earlier. Nineteen of the 29 protected calves had a transient diarrhea.
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PMID:Prevention of experimentally induced enteric colibacillosis in newborn calves. 458 32

Spontaneous adult-onset hypothyroidism, confirmed by a thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulation test, thyroid biopsy, and response to replacement therapy, is described in a female cat. Clinical signs consisted of profound apathy, hypothermia, poor hair growth, severe seborrhea sicca, and a puffy face. Cutaneous histological changes consisted of epidermal and follicular hyperkeratosis, teloginization of hairs, and dermal mucin deposition. There was no adnexal atrophy. Lymphocytic thyroiditis, equivalent to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, was shown by thyroid biopsy. Clinical signs rapidly responded to thyroxine replacement therapy. Glucose intolerance was coexistent with the hypothyroidism, but was not dramatically influenced by thyroxine therapy and probably was an independently occurring endocrinopathy.
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PMID:Spontaneous adult-onset hypothyroidism in a cat. 826 45

At a Children's Nutrition Unit in Bangladesh, a screening process has been developed to determine the type of care which should be provided to malnourished children. Malnourished children receive an initial period of full-time medical attention if they exhibit apathy and anorexia, dehydration, severe anemia, life-threatening infection, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, or severe Vitamin A deficiency. Also, malnourished children under 12 months old are given preference for in-patient care. Children may be hospitalized for three to five weeks until they are reasonable recovered and have reached a target weight-for-height or they may be discharged early and receive continued treatment through day care or home visits. Goals of the minimum stay (one to two weeks) should include restored appetite, treatment of clinical complications, and teaching the mother about appropriate feeding. Hospitalization and day care in the hospital may be very difficult for a family to manage. Home-based treatment, on the other hand, produces good, although slower, results and is the most cost-effective approach. Success of home care depends upon the quality of care and advice given during home visits by health personnel and an effective referral system if the children need more attention. In this program, while the provision of a Vitamin and mineral mixture is considered helpful, food supplements are not distributed. Even very poor families can adapt family foods to provide better nutrition. Less malnourished children also need attention, and their mothers must be trained to adapt family foods, give frequent meals, and continue to breast feed. Action is needed when growth begins to falter to prevent the need for later treatment. In Dhaka, the total cost to rehabilitate one child is US$29 for home-based care, US$59 for day care, and US$156 for in-patient care.
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PMID:Fighting malnutrition from hospital to home. 1229 32

A 4-year-old female neutered British Shorthair cat was presented as an emergency owing to progressive apathy, anorexia, adipsia, weight loss and weakness. Clinical findings showed severe weakness, collapse, weak pulse, bradycardia, hypovolaemia and hypothermia. Blood examinations revealed marked metabolic acidosis, hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hypercalcaemia, hypochloraemia and azotaemia. The diagnosis of feline hypoadrenocorticism was based on low cortisol and aldosterone plasma levels before and after synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone administration. Initial treatment consisted of intravenous fluid therapy. After stabilisation a combination of fludrocortisone and prednisolone was given orally. One year after diagnosis the cat is free of clinical signs and in good condition.
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PMID:Addisonian crisis and severe acidosis in a cat: a case of feline hypoadrenocorticism. 2348 53

Uraemic encephalopathy (UE) is rarely associated with acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease in domestic animals, and we now report the first case in a cat. The animal presented with hypothermia, apathy, lethargy, depression, severe dehydration, uraemic breath, elevated serum urea nitrogen and creatine concentrations, and eventual seizures and coma prior to death. Gross necropsy findings included severe bilateral renal scarring, ulcerative stomatitis and glossitis, and uraemic gastropathy. Microscopic lesions of diffuse interstitial fibrosis, multifocal mineralization and lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis were seen in the kidneys. There was symmetrical, bilateral spongy vacuolation of the white matter of the basal nuclei and cerebellum and Alzheimer type II astrocytes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Glial fibrillary acid protein immunolabelling was absent or faint in astrocytes of the cerebral grey matter. UE should be included in the differential diagnosis in animals with chronic kidney disease and neurological signs.
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PMID:Uraemic Encephalopathy in a Persian Cat with Chronic Kidney Disease. 3322 66