Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Risperidone is one of the second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). Use of SGAs or so-called atypical antipsychotics is becoming more frequent because they are more efficacious and safer than typical antipsychotics. This is due to their ability to occupy some other receptors as well as dopamine type 2 (D(2)) receptors in the brain. Risperidone has more affinity for serotonin type 2 (5-HT(2)) than for D(2) receptors. This accounts for its better treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia and fewer extrapyramidal side effects when compared with typical antipsychotics. Common side effects associated with risperidone include extrapyramidal symptoms, dizziness, nausea, weight gain, sleep disturbance, and sexual dysfunction. We describe here a case of risperidone-induced hypothermia. Body temperature is regulated by the preoptic anterior hypothalamus with involvement of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Experimental data suggest that stimulation of 5-HT(2) and dopamine receptors can increase the body temperature. Additional clinical evidence indicates potent antagonists of 5-HT(2) are more likely to cause hypothermia. Risperidone has higher potency for occupying 5-HT(2) than D(2) receptors.
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PMID:A case of risperidone-induced hypothermia. 1513 39

A 69-year-old woman caught a cold resulting in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and severe anorexia. Then she suffered progressively from dyspnea and leg edema, and finally became delirious. On admission severe hypoglycemia, hypothermia, marked tachycardia, generalized edema, mild jaundice and cachexy were noted. EKG showed atrial fibrillation. A chest X-ray, chest CT and echocardiography showed congestive heart failure. Therapeutic use of diuretics induced shock leading to serious liver dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulation. However, combined therapy by intravenous glucose, digitalis, diuretics, anti-fibrinolytic drug and hydrocortisone were effective. Addition of antithyroid therapy brought a further favorable outcome.
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PMID:Severe starvation hypoglycemia and congestive heart failure induced by thyroid crisis, with accidentally induced severe liver dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 1580 13

In animals without the emetic reflex, several emetogenic stimuli induce pica, an altered feeding behaviour consisting of the ingestion of non-nutritive substances. The development of pica in response to an emetogenic stimulus has been proposed to be useful as an indirect marker of nausea in the rat. In fact, like nausea and emesis in humans, it is accompanied by serotonin release from the enterochromaffin cells, increased c-fos labelling in the area postrema and the nucleus tractus solitarius, and a delay in gastric emptying. Furthermore, pica, measured as kaolin intake, is reduced by anti-emetic drugs. Pica has been demonstrated after single doses of cisplatin, the most emetogenic chemotherapeutic drug. However, cisplatin, as other antineoplastic drugs, is generally given in cycles, where conventional anti-emetics tend to lose efficiency. The aim of this work was to evaluate the pica induced by long-term treatment with cisplatin. Saline or cisplatin was administered once a week for 5 consecutive weeks, and temperature, body weight, food ingestion and kaolin intake were measured on a daily basis. The influence of isolation (pica is necessarily studied in isolated animals) and exposure to kaolin (basal kaolin intake could modify pica itself and other parameters) on temperature, body weight and daily food ingestion was negligible in saline-treated rats. Cisplatin administered at 3 mg/kg/week was too toxic: it produced hypothermia, weight drop and anorexia in both grouped and isolated rats, and 50% mortality in isolated animals. Toxicity associated with cisplatin administered at 1 mg/kg/week was acceptable, with a slower rate of weight gain being the major effect. In these rats, each cisplatin injection produced both acute anorexia and rebound hyperphagic responses. In addition, each administration induced both acute pica and an increase in basal kaolin intake, resembling the development of nausea in humans. This model could be useful for studying both the mechanisms leading to nausea associated with a long-term antineoplastic treatment and the efficiency of new anti-emetic drugs.
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PMID:Altered feeding behaviour induced by long-term cisplatin in rats. 1656 30

Currently, autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation used as a therapeutic modality in the treatment of various hematological malignancies is gaining more popularity day by day. In this method, the patient's own peripheral stem cells are collected by a proper method and stored at -80 degrees C until they are reinfused into the patient after being rewarmed in water bath at 37 degrees C. A number of complications have been reported related to reinfusion of the cryopreserved cells into the patient. These may include noncardiovascular complications such as nausea, vomiting, flushing, abdominal pain, chest discomfort, and headache, as well as cardiovascular complications like arrhythmias, hypotension, and hypertension. Hypothermia related to rapid infusion has been reported as the main factor underlying the cardiovascular complications. Electrocardiographic findings of hypothermia include sinusal bradycardia, prolonged QT and PR intervals, widened QRS complexes, and J wave, which is a ECG abnormality characterized by supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. We here present two cases of giant J wave caused by hypothermia during infusion of cryopreserved autologous peripheral stem cell that is detected by ECG and regressed after infusion ceased.
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PMID:Hypothermia during the infusion of cryopreserved autologous peripheral stem cell causes electrocardiographical changes: report of two cases. 1690 91

Anorexia, nausea/emesis and peripheral sensorial neuropathy are frequent adverse effects associated with chemotherapy. Cannabinoids have been proposed to alleviate these effects, but their preventive properties in long-term experimental models have not been tested. This study was conducted to determine whether or not a cannabinoid agonist (WIN-55,212-2) can prevent anorexia, pica (an indirect marker of nausea in non-vomiting species, consisting of the ingestion of non-nutritive substances such as kaolin) and mechanical allodynia (a marker of peripheral neuropathy) induced by the antineoplastic drug cisplatin chronically administered. Isolated rats with free access to food and kaolin received either saline, cannabinoid vehicle, WIN-55,212-2 (1-2 mg kg(-1)), cisplatin (1-2 mg kg(-1)), or both drugs once per week for five consecutive weeks. Modifications in temperature, body weight gain, food and kaolin intake, and the threshold for mechanical allodynia were recorded. Additionally, the acute psychoactive effects of the cannabinoid (hypomotility, hypothermia, analgesia and catalepsia) were assayed by means of the cannabinoid tetrad. WIN 55,212-2 prevented the development of mechanical allodynia but not anorexia, pica and reduction in weight gain induced by chronic cisplatin. The effect of WIN 55,212-2 was evident even at a dose lacking activity in the cannabinoid tetrad. The preventive effect on cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia exerted by the cannabinoid could be due to a neuroprotective role, as has been suggested for other conditions. The present results support the interest in the evaluation of cannabinoids for treatment of patients suffering or likely to suffer neuropathic pain.
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PMID:WIN 55,212-2 prevents mechanical allodynia but not alterations in feeding behaviour induced by chronic cisplatin in the rat. 1767 60

Mild induced hypothermia holds promise as an effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke. We developed a novel strategy to rapidly induce and maintain mild hypothermia in unanesthetized, non-intubated subjects as a model for the treatment of acute stroke patients. We induced and maintained mild hypothermia (tympanic membrane temperature 34 degrees C-35 degrees C) for over 5 hours in 10 healthy volunteers. All subjects received 1000 mg of acetaminophen orally and meperidine intravenously for comfort and suppression of shivering. In phase 1, subjects (n=5) were cooled using Arctic Sun Energy Transfer Pads (Medivance, Inc., Louisville, CO) with manual temperature control. In phase 2, subjects (n=5) were cooled using the Arctic Sun Energy Transfer Pads connected to the Arctic Sun Model 200 Temperature control module (Medivance, Inc.). Core temperatures were measured at the tympanic membrane and rectum. All subjects reached the target tympanic temperature range. The mean time to reach a tympanic temperature of 35 degrees C was 90+/-53 minutes (1.4 degrees C/hour) in phase 2. The most common side effect was nausea, observed in 30% of subjects. There was no statistically significant change in heart rate, blood oxygenation, or diastolic blood pressure compared with baseline; systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated for the 180 minute time point only (140+/-20 mm Hg v 122+/-13 mm Hg; P = .042). We developed a method to rapidly and comfortably induce and maintain mild hypothermia in unanesthetized, non-intubated humans. Further study to optimize the pharmacologic inhibition of thermoregulation and to assess tolerability over longer durations is warranted.
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PMID:Induction and maintenance of mild hypothermia by surface cooling in non-intubated subjects. 1790 34

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) develops within a few hours after arrival at high altitude and includes headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and malaise. This afflicts 15-25% of the general tourist population at moderate altitudes. High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is considered to be the end stage of severe AMS and has been suggested to be a vasogenic edema, raising the possibility that acute hypoxia may increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. At present, there are no good small-animal models to study this syndrome. We hypothesize 1) that acute hypoxia can damage the BBB and 2) that rat can be used as a model to study hypoxia-induced changes in BBB permeability, especially if hypoxia-induced hypothermia could be minimized with high ambient temperature (HAT). Male Wistar rats were exposed to 1, 2, and 7 days of hypobaric hypoxia (equivalent to 0.5 atm), and changes in the temperature and BBB permeability were studied. The extravasation of endogenous immunoglobulin G, a large molecule, did not increase during room temperature hypoxia but did increase when hypoxia was combined with HAT. Hypoxia caused a significant increase in the leakage of sodium fluorescein (mol wt 376 Da). The expression of endothelial barrier antigen (EBA), a protein associated with the BBB, was reduced to 50% between 24 and 48 h after exposure to hypoxia, and the loss was exacerbated by HAT. The values almost returned to control levels by 7 days, showing adaptation to hypoxia. Hypoxic rats exhibited sodium fluorescein leakage mainly in focal areas in the brain parenchyma. In conclusion, it is possible to have transient BBB damage through exposure to acute hypoxia, and this damage is exacerbated by increasing body temperature to more of a normothermic value.
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PMID:Effects of acute hypoxia and hyperthermia on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in adult rats. 1964 26

The objective of this study was to identify the prevalent complications in the postanesthesia recovery room (PARR), and correlate nurses' work hours with the complications. The sample consisted of 400 records of patients older than 18 years, who had major and medium surgical procedures, admitted at the PARR unit, with a stay of at least one hour. The prevalent complications were pain and hypothermia. The following complications showed a statistically significant relationship with the nursing intervention: pain: routine, oxygen therapy, medication and bandages; agitation/anxiety: routine and oxygen therapy; hypotension: hydration, complementary exams, and observation; hypertension: observation; tremor: mat heater, blood transfusion; nausea/vomiting: routine, medication and urinary catheterization; bleeding: routine, medication and bandages; hypoxemia: routine and oxygen therapy; hypothermia: routine, mat heater, and medication. Pain, nausea/vomiting, agitation and bleeding showed a statistically significant relationship with the PARR nurse.
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PMID:[Nurse interventions and the complications in the post-anesthesia recovery room]. 2008 69

Motion sickness (MS) exaggerates body cooling during cold-water immersion. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether such MS-induced predisposition to hypothermia is influenced by two anti-MS drugs: the histamine-receptor blocker dimenhydrinate (DMH) and the muscarine-receptor blocker scopolamine (Scop). Nine healthy male subjects were immersed in 15 degrees C water for a maximum of 90min in five conditions: (1) control (CN): no medication, no MS provocation; (2) MS-control (MS-CN): no medication, MS provocation; (3) MS-placebo (MS-P): placebo DMH and placebo Scop, MS provocation; (4) MS-DMH: DMH and placebo Scop, MS provocation; (5) MS-Scop: Scop and placebo DMH, MS provocation. MS was induced by use of a rotating chair. Throughout the experiments rectal temperature (T(re)), the difference in temperature between the non-immersed right forearm and third finger (T(ff)) as an index of peripheral vasoconstriction, and oxygen uptake (VO(2)) as a measure of shivering thermogenesis, were recorded. DMH and Scop were similarly efficacious in ameliorating nausea. The fall in T(re) was greater in the MS-CN and MS-P conditions than in the CN condition. DMH, but not Scop, prevented the MS-induced increase in body-core cooling. MS attenuated the cold-induced vasoconstriction, an effect which was fully prevented by DMH but only partially by Scop. MS provocation did not affect VO(2) in any condition. The results suggest that the MS-induced predisposition to hypothermia is predominantly mediated by histaminergic mechanisms and that DMH might be useful in conjunction with maritime accidents or other scenarios where exposure to cold and MS are imminent features.
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PMID:Histaminergic and cholinergic neuron systems in the impairment of human thermoregulation during motion sickness. 2039 9

A 20-year-old woman with borderline personality disorder was referred to the emergency department by a psychiatric clinic. After taking 10 g of nutmeg she complained of stomach ache and dizziness. A physical examination showed mild hypothermia and sinus tachycardia. She was admitted for observation and discharged after 24 h to the psychiatric clinic without sequelae. Nutmeg is a spice. Relatively unknown are the hallucinogenic and euphoric effects for which it is used by drug abusers and students. Symptoms appear 6 h after ingestion of at least 10 g of nutmeg and are related to its effects on the central nervous system. Use of the drug can lead to anxiety and feelings of doom and even to psychosis. Dry mouth, nausea and dizziness may also occur. A physical examination may show hypothermia, tachycardia or hypertension or, in rarer cases, hypotension and shock. Symptoms disappear without sequelae after 24-48 h. Treatment consists of supportive measures. In the event of haemodynamic instability, cardiovascular monitoring is indicated.
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PMID:[Unusual use of nutmeg]. 2085 16


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